异色瓢虫饲养密度对成虫获得率及繁殖的影响
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摘要
异色瓢虫具有自残习性,在大量饲养中需根据此特性探索出适宜的密度来保证成虫获得率和卵的获得量。在室内测定了在100m L饲养盒中以地中海粉斑螟卵为食物的异色瓢虫幼虫不同密度下的成虫获得率以及雌雄成虫不同配比时的产卵量。幼虫饲养时,一个饲养盒中平均最多获得7只成虫,随着初始虫量的增多,成虫获得率呈下降趋势,单头饲养的获得率最高。成虫饲养时,1雌1雄、2雌2雄和3雌3雄处理的指标呈规律性变化,虫量越多,产卵前期越短、产卵期越长,总产卵量越大,单雌日产卵量越小,后代的孵化率均达80%以上。4雌4雄处理虫量多,相互干扰,导致产卵前期长、产卵期短、产卵量少,孵化率低、雌性比低。2雌1雄处理与相同雌虫数量的2雌2雄处理相比,单雌日产卵量、总产卵量、后代孵化率、雌性比均低于2雌2雄处理。3雌1雄、3雌2雄处理与3雌3雄处理相比,结果亦然。雌雄等量比少雄的处理产卵多且优,但单雌产卵量、后代孵化率、雌雄性比以单对饲养最高。
Harmonia axyridis Pallas is characterized by cannibalism, it is important to develop a suitable mass rearing density that can ensure high adult and egg harvest. To this end, the adult harvest rate at different H. axyridis larval densities provided with the eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller in 100 mL box, and the amount of oviposition at different adult sexual rates were measured. From one box, 7 adults were harvested on average. The harvest rates generally decreased with the increase of the number(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15) of H. axyridis larvae per box. In adults rearing for eggs using the treatments of 1♀×1♂, 2♀×2♂ and 3♀×3♂, with the increase of adult numbers, the pre-oviposition period decreased the oviposition period prolonged, and the total egg harvest increased, while the oviposition per female decreased. Egg hatching rates of the different adult sexual rates were all over 80%. In the 4♀×4♂ treatment, long pre-oviposition, short oviposition period, low oviposition, low hatching rate, and low offspring female ratio were observed. Compared with the treatment 2♀×2♂, the treatment 2♀×1♂ showed lower daily egg production, total egg production, hatching rate, and offspring female ratio. It was the same with the treatments 3♀×1♂ and 3♀×2♂ when compared with the treatment 3♀×3♂. Our results indicate that the treatments with equal number of males and females are of higher egg harvest than those treatments with fewer males, with the individually paired adults showing the highest egg harvest, hatching rate and offspring female ratio.
Harmonia axyridis Pallas is characterized by cannibalism, it is important to develop a suitable mass rearing density that can ensure high adult and egg harvest. To this end, the adult harvest rate at different H. axyridis larval densities provided with the eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller in 100 mL box, and the amount of oviposition at different adult sexual rates were measured. From one box, 7 adults were harvested on average. The harvest rates generally decreased with the increase of the number(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15) of H. axyridis larvae per box. In adults rearing for eggs using the treatments of 1♀×1♂, 2♀×2♂ and 3♀×3♂, with the increase of adult numbers, the pre-oviposition period decreased the oviposition period prolonged, and the total egg harvest increased, while the oviposition per female decreased. Egg hatching rates of the different adult sexual rates were all over 80%. In the 4♀×4♂ treatment, long pre-oviposition, short oviposition period, low oviposition, low hatching rate, and low offspring female ratio were observed. Compared with the treatment 2♀×2♂, the treatment 2♀×1♂ showed lower daily egg production, total egg production, hatching rate, and offspring female ratio. It was the same with the treatments 3♀×1♂ and 3♀×2♂ when compared with the treatment 3♀×3♂. Our results indicate that the treatments with equal number of males and females are of higher egg harvest than those treatments with fewer males, with the individually paired adults showing the highest egg harvest, hatching rate and offspring female ratio.
引文
[1]袁荣才,于明,文贵柱.应用异色瓢虫防治蚜虫的研究[J].吉林农业科学,1994(1):30-32.
[2]林志伟,王丽艳,孙强,等.异色瓢虫对两种蚜虫捕食作用的初步研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1999,11(1):26-28.
[3]孟国玲,刘细群.三种瓢虫对大豆蚜自然控制研究[J].长江蔬菜,2002(10):32-33.
[4]王东昌,袁忠林,罗兰,等.异色瓢虫对桃大尾蚜的捕食作用研究[J].植物保护,2002,27(1):29-31.
[5]葛友茂,万玲,赵士熙.异色瓢虫对莲缢管蚜的捕食作用研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,28(6):208-212.
[6]王媛,陈越,张拯研,等.不同龄期异色瓢虫对烟蚜的捕食潜能研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(5):1075-1080.
[7]杨春材,赵益勤,程德兵,等.异色瓢虫对桃粉大尾蚜、桃一点斑叶蝉捕食选择性研究[J].应用生态学报,1996,7(S1):57-61.
[8]盖英萍,冀宪领,刘玉升,等.异色瓢虫对中国梨木虱若虫的捕食作用[J].植物保护学报,2001,28(3):27-28.
[9]巫鹏翔,马宝旭,徐婧,等.异色瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(4):582-588.
[10]王延鹏,吕飞,王振鹏.异色瓢虫开发利用研究进展[J].华东昆虫学报,2007,16(4):310-314.
[11]高文呈,包建中,古德祥.中国生物防治[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,1996,195-196.
[12]吕晓东,刘随存,贾荟荣,等.异色瓢虫人工饲料研究现状和进展[J].山西林业科技,2015,44(3):35-36.
[13]郭建英,万方浩.三种饲料对异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的饲喂效果[J].中国生物防治,2001,17(3):116-120.
[14]杨洪,熊继文,张帆.异色瓢虫人工饲料研究进展[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,22(2):169-172.
[15]Hamasaki K,Matsui M.Development and reproduction of an aphidophagous coccinellid Propylea japonica(Thunberg)(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae),reared on an alternative diet,Ephestia kuehniella Zeller(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)eggs[J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,2006,41:233-237.
[16]St-Onge M,Cormier D,Todorova S,et al.Conservation of Ephestia kuehniella eggs as hosts for Trichogramma ostriniae[J].Journal of Applied Entomology,2016,140(3):161-240.
[17]Delisle J F,Brodeur J,Shipp L.Evaluation of various types of supplemental food for two species of predatory mites,Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus cucumeris(Acari:Phytoseiidae)[J].Experimental and Applied Acarology,2015,65:483-494.
[18]Specty O,Febvay G,Grenier S,et al.Nutritional plasticity of the predatory ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):comparison between natural and substitution prey[J].Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology.2003,52(1):81-91.
[19]Osawa,N.Sibling and non-sibling cannibalism by larvae of a lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)in the field[J].Researches on Population Ecology,1989,31:153-160.
[20]Wagner J D,Glover M D,Moseley J B,et al.Heritability and fitness consequences of cannibalism in Harmonia axyridis[J].Evolutionary Ecology Research,1999,1(3):375-388.
[21]Osawa N.A life table of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas(Coleoptera,Coccinellidae)in relation to the aphid abundance[J].Japanese Journal of Entomology,1992,60:575-579.
[22]Osawa N.Effect of pupation site on pupal cannibalism and parasitism in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas(Coleoptera,Coccinellidae)[J].Japanese Journal of Entomology,1992,60:131-135.
[23]Osawa N.Population field studies on the aphidophagous ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):resource tracking and population characteristics[J].Population Ecology,2000,42:115-127.
[24]Allen M L,Riddick E W.A system for harvesting eggs from the pink-spotted lady beetle[J].Hindawi Publishing Corporation,2012,923653:1-6.
[25]张帆,杨洪,关玲,等.饲养方式对异色瓢虫幼虫生存的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2008,30(1):64-66.
[26]王红托,张伟东,陈新中,等.异色瓢虫规模化生产技术及瓢虫工厂的建立[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(6):1726-1731.
[27]孙贝贝,尹哲,侯峥嵘,等.异色瓢虫人工繁育与应用进展[J].生物技术进展,2016,6(2):141-145.
[28]Osawa N.Population field studies of the aphidophagous ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):life tables and key factor analysis[J].Research on Population Ecology,1993,35:335-348.
[29]Osawa N.Sex-dependent effects of sibling cannibalism on life history traits of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)[J].Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,2002,76:349-360.
[30]杜迎刚,季清娥,陈家骅,等.异色瓢虫幼虫对卵的种内自残和种间捕食[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(6):874-878.
[2]林志伟,王丽艳,孙强,等.异色瓢虫对两种蚜虫捕食作用的初步研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1999,11(1):26-28.
[3]孟国玲,刘细群.三种瓢虫对大豆蚜自然控制研究[J].长江蔬菜,2002(10):32-33.
[4]王东昌,袁忠林,罗兰,等.异色瓢虫对桃大尾蚜的捕食作用研究[J].植物保护,2002,27(1):29-31.
[5]葛友茂,万玲,赵士熙.异色瓢虫对莲缢管蚜的捕食作用研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,28(6):208-212.
[6]王媛,陈越,张拯研,等.不同龄期异色瓢虫对烟蚜的捕食潜能研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(5):1075-1080.
[7]杨春材,赵益勤,程德兵,等.异色瓢虫对桃粉大尾蚜、桃一点斑叶蝉捕食选择性研究[J].应用生态学报,1996,7(S1):57-61.
[8]盖英萍,冀宪领,刘玉升,等.异色瓢虫对中国梨木虱若虫的捕食作用[J].植物保护学报,2001,28(3):27-28.
[9]巫鹏翔,马宝旭,徐婧,等.异色瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(4):582-588.
[10]王延鹏,吕飞,王振鹏.异色瓢虫开发利用研究进展[J].华东昆虫学报,2007,16(4):310-314.
[11]高文呈,包建中,古德祥.中国生物防治[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,1996,195-196.
[12]吕晓东,刘随存,贾荟荣,等.异色瓢虫人工饲料研究现状和进展[J].山西林业科技,2015,44(3):35-36.
[13]郭建英,万方浩.三种饲料对异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的饲喂效果[J].中国生物防治,2001,17(3):116-120.
[14]杨洪,熊继文,张帆.异色瓢虫人工饲料研究进展[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,22(2):169-172.
[15]Hamasaki K,Matsui M.Development and reproduction of an aphidophagous coccinellid Propylea japonica(Thunberg)(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae),reared on an alternative diet,Ephestia kuehniella Zeller(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)eggs[J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,2006,41:233-237.
[16]St-Onge M,Cormier D,Todorova S,et al.Conservation of Ephestia kuehniella eggs as hosts for Trichogramma ostriniae[J].Journal of Applied Entomology,2016,140(3):161-240.
[17]Delisle J F,Brodeur J,Shipp L.Evaluation of various types of supplemental food for two species of predatory mites,Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus cucumeris(Acari:Phytoseiidae)[J].Experimental and Applied Acarology,2015,65:483-494.
[18]Specty O,Febvay G,Grenier S,et al.Nutritional plasticity of the predatory ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):comparison between natural and substitution prey[J].Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology.2003,52(1):81-91.
[19]Osawa,N.Sibling and non-sibling cannibalism by larvae of a lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)in the field[J].Researches on Population Ecology,1989,31:153-160.
[20]Wagner J D,Glover M D,Moseley J B,et al.Heritability and fitness consequences of cannibalism in Harmonia axyridis[J].Evolutionary Ecology Research,1999,1(3):375-388.
[21]Osawa N.A life table of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas(Coleoptera,Coccinellidae)in relation to the aphid abundance[J].Japanese Journal of Entomology,1992,60:575-579.
[22]Osawa N.Effect of pupation site on pupal cannibalism and parasitism in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas(Coleoptera,Coccinellidae)[J].Japanese Journal of Entomology,1992,60:131-135.
[23]Osawa N.Population field studies on the aphidophagous ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):resource tracking and population characteristics[J].Population Ecology,2000,42:115-127.
[24]Allen M L,Riddick E W.A system for harvesting eggs from the pink-spotted lady beetle[J].Hindawi Publishing Corporation,2012,923653:1-6.
[25]张帆,杨洪,关玲,等.饲养方式对异色瓢虫幼虫生存的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2008,30(1):64-66.
[26]王红托,张伟东,陈新中,等.异色瓢虫规模化生产技术及瓢虫工厂的建立[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(6):1726-1731.
[27]孙贝贝,尹哲,侯峥嵘,等.异色瓢虫人工繁育与应用进展[J].生物技术进展,2016,6(2):141-145.
[28]Osawa N.Population field studies of the aphidophagous ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):life tables and key factor analysis[J].Research on Population Ecology,1993,35:335-348.
[29]Osawa N.Sex-dependent effects of sibling cannibalism on life history traits of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)[J].Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,2002,76:349-360.
[30]杜迎刚,季清娥,陈家骅,等.异色瓢虫幼虫对卵的种内自残和种间捕食[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(6):874-878.