藏鸡育种研究现状及建议
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摘要
藏鸡特有的生理表型和潜在的低氧适应分子机制致使其成为在高海拔地区发展优质特色养禽业必选的优良品种。经梳理发现,以藏鸡为父本的杂交F_1代生产性能显著高于以藏鸡为母本的杂交F_1代;在高海拔3 650 m环境中,矮小隐性白鸡和农大小型蛋鸡表现出显著的杂交优势,可为选育藏鸡肉用型和蛋用型配套系提供理论依据;27.5%的氧浓度可使低地鸡品种在高海拔孵化率高达88.7%。提示藏鸡选育和孵化工作潜力巨大,前景光明。文章综述藏鸡育种研究现状和育种未来,充分利用预杂交试验数据,深入挖掘潜在的育种价值,科学分析合理保种选育,为促使藏鸡事业蓬勃发展提供理论基础。
The unique physiological phenotype of Tibetan chicken and its potential molecular mechanism of hypoxia adaptation make it an excellent choice for the development of high quality characteristic poultry breeding in high altitude areas. After combing the literature, found that the production performance of hybrid F_1 with Tibetan chicken as male parent was significantly higher than that of hybrid F_1 with Tibetan chicken as female parent. In the high-altitude 3 650 m environment, Dwarf Recessive White and Miniature Laying chickens showed significant hybrid advantage,which can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of breeding Tibetan chicken meat type and egg-type accessory.At high altitudes, an oxygen concentration of 27.5% allowed the hatching rate of lowland breeds to reach 88.7%.Above results indicated that the breeding and incubation of Tibetan chickens had a great potential and bright prospect.This paper reviewed the research status and future of Tibetan chicken breeding, making full use of pre-hybridization test data, deeply explores the potential breeding values, scientifically analyzes and rational conservation and breeding,and provided a theoretical basis for promoting the vigorous development of Tibetan chicken industry.
The unique physiological phenotype of Tibetan chicken and its potential molecular mechanism of hypoxia adaptation make it an excellent choice for the development of high quality characteristic poultry breeding in high altitude areas. After combing the literature, found that the production performance of hybrid F_1 with Tibetan chicken as male parent was significantly higher than that of hybrid F_1 with Tibetan chicken as female parent. In the high-altitude 3 650 m environment, Dwarf Recessive White and Miniature Laying chickens showed significant hybrid advantage,which can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of breeding Tibetan chicken meat type and egg-type accessory.At high altitudes, an oxygen concentration of 27.5% allowed the hatching rate of lowland breeds to reach 88.7%.Above results indicated that the breeding and incubation of Tibetan chickens had a great potential and bright prospect.This paper reviewed the research status and future of Tibetan chicken breeding, making full use of pre-hybridization test data, deeply explores the potential breeding values, scientifically analyzes and rational conservation and breeding,and provided a theoretical basis for promoting the vigorous development of Tibetan chicken industry.
引文
[1]张红亮,张浩.藏鸡低氧适应研究进展[J].中国家禽,2018,40(8):47-52.
[2]魏泽辉,贾存灵,滕可导,等.藏鸡胚胎血液学参数及尿囊绒毛膜血管密度分析[J].中国家禽,2008,30(2):9-12.
[3]张浩.藏鸡高原低氧适应生理机制及其杂交利用研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[4]吴常信,李宁.藏鸡高原低氧适应生理与遗传基础[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2012.
[5]魏泽辉,吴常信.藏鸡蛋壳通透性与水分散失的关系[J].中国农业大学学报,2005(2):41-44.
[6]ZHANG H,WU C X,CHAMBA Y,et al.Blood characteristics for high altitude adaptation in Tibetan chickens1[J].Poult Sci,2007,86(7):1384-1389.
[7]WEI Z H,ZHANG H,JIA C L,et al.Blood gas,hemoglobin,and growth of Tibetan chicken embryos incubated at high altitude[J].Poult Sci,2007,86(5):904-908.
[8]LI S,LI D,ZHAO X,et al.A non-synonymous SNP with the allele frequency correlated with the altitude may contribute to the hypoxia adaptation of Tibetan chicken[J].PLoS One,2017,12(2):e172211.
[9]张浩,吴常信,强巴央宗,等.藏鸡高海拔适应与肺组织NOS活力的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2006(1):35-38.
[10]董宏彬,洪欣,尹昭云.血红蛋白与高原低氧适应[J].国外医学(卫生学分册),2004(4):220-223.
[11]WANG M S,LI Y,PENG M S,et al.Genomic analyses reveal potential independent adaptation to high altitude in Tibetan chickens[J].Mol Biol Evol,2015,32(7):1880-1889.
[12]ZHANG Q,GOU W,WANG X,et al.Genome resequencing identifies unique adaptations of Tibetan chickens to hypoxia and high-dose ultraviolet radiation in high-altitude environments[J].Genome Biol Evol,2016,8(3):765-776.
[13]ZHANG Y,GOU W,MA J,et al.Genome methylation and regulatory functions for hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chicken embryos[J].Peer J,2017,5:e3891.
[14]强巴央宗.西藏藏鸡种质资源特性研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[15]强巴央宗,张浩,商鹏,等.藏鸡屠宰性能及肉质特性[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,1(13):47-50.
[16]扎西.拉萨白鸡的选育[J].西藏畜牧兽医,1991(1):10-19.
[17]单增群佩.拉萨白鸡选育历程的回顾[J].西藏农业科技,2001(3):57-58.
[18]CHAN T,BURGGREN W.Hypoxic incubation creates differential morphological effects during specific developmental critical windows in the embryo of the chicken(Gallus gallus)[J].Resp Physiol Neurobi,2005,145(2-3):251-263.
[19]王存芳,张劳,李俊英,等.藏鸡与白来航、寿光鸡杂交F1代生长性状的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005(4):19-21.
[20]张浩,吴常信,李俊英,等.藏鸡和低地鸡种的生长曲线拟合与杂种优势分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005(5):34-37.
[21]张浩,吴常信,强巴央宗,等.不同海拔环境中藏鸡生长曲线及杂种优势分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2007(2):40-44.
[22]CHRISTENSEN V L,BAGLEY L G.Improved hatchability of turkey eggs at high altitudes due to added oxygen and increased incubation temperature[J].Poult Sci,1988,67(6):956-960.
[23]冯静,王燕,王莉,等.影响拉萨白鸡种蛋孵化率的主要因素[J].中国家禽,2015,37(2):63-65.
[24]苟潇.藏鸡胚胎低氧适应的血红蛋白分子机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[25]李长春,傅田,强巴央宗,等.藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡GH基因的SNP检测及其与生长性状间的关联分析[J].中国农业科学,2005(11):184-189.
[2]魏泽辉,贾存灵,滕可导,等.藏鸡胚胎血液学参数及尿囊绒毛膜血管密度分析[J].中国家禽,2008,30(2):9-12.
[3]张浩.藏鸡高原低氧适应生理机制及其杂交利用研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[4]吴常信,李宁.藏鸡高原低氧适应生理与遗传基础[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2012.
[5]魏泽辉,吴常信.藏鸡蛋壳通透性与水分散失的关系[J].中国农业大学学报,2005(2):41-44.
[6]ZHANG H,WU C X,CHAMBA Y,et al.Blood characteristics for high altitude adaptation in Tibetan chickens1[J].Poult Sci,2007,86(7):1384-1389.
[7]WEI Z H,ZHANG H,JIA C L,et al.Blood gas,hemoglobin,and growth of Tibetan chicken embryos incubated at high altitude[J].Poult Sci,2007,86(5):904-908.
[8]LI S,LI D,ZHAO X,et al.A non-synonymous SNP with the allele frequency correlated with the altitude may contribute to the hypoxia adaptation of Tibetan chicken[J].PLoS One,2017,12(2):e172211.
[9]张浩,吴常信,强巴央宗,等.藏鸡高海拔适应与肺组织NOS活力的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2006(1):35-38.
[10]董宏彬,洪欣,尹昭云.血红蛋白与高原低氧适应[J].国外医学(卫生学分册),2004(4):220-223.
[11]WANG M S,LI Y,PENG M S,et al.Genomic analyses reveal potential independent adaptation to high altitude in Tibetan chickens[J].Mol Biol Evol,2015,32(7):1880-1889.
[12]ZHANG Q,GOU W,WANG X,et al.Genome resequencing identifies unique adaptations of Tibetan chickens to hypoxia and high-dose ultraviolet radiation in high-altitude environments[J].Genome Biol Evol,2016,8(3):765-776.
[13]ZHANG Y,GOU W,MA J,et al.Genome methylation and regulatory functions for hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chicken embryos[J].Peer J,2017,5:e3891.
[14]强巴央宗.西藏藏鸡种质资源特性研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[15]强巴央宗,张浩,商鹏,等.藏鸡屠宰性能及肉质特性[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,1(13):47-50.
[16]扎西.拉萨白鸡的选育[J].西藏畜牧兽医,1991(1):10-19.
[17]单增群佩.拉萨白鸡选育历程的回顾[J].西藏农业科技,2001(3):57-58.
[18]CHAN T,BURGGREN W.Hypoxic incubation creates differential morphological effects during specific developmental critical windows in the embryo of the chicken(Gallus gallus)[J].Resp Physiol Neurobi,2005,145(2-3):251-263.
[19]王存芳,张劳,李俊英,等.藏鸡与白来航、寿光鸡杂交F1代生长性状的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005(4):19-21.
[20]张浩,吴常信,李俊英,等.藏鸡和低地鸡种的生长曲线拟合与杂种优势分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005(5):34-37.
[21]张浩,吴常信,强巴央宗,等.不同海拔环境中藏鸡生长曲线及杂种优势分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2007(2):40-44.
[22]CHRISTENSEN V L,BAGLEY L G.Improved hatchability of turkey eggs at high altitudes due to added oxygen and increased incubation temperature[J].Poult Sci,1988,67(6):956-960.
[23]冯静,王燕,王莉,等.影响拉萨白鸡种蛋孵化率的主要因素[J].中国家禽,2015,37(2):63-65.
[24]苟潇.藏鸡胚胎低氧适应的血红蛋白分子机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[25]李长春,傅田,强巴央宗,等.藏鸡和隐性白羽鸡GH基因的SNP检测及其与生长性状间的关联分析[J].中国农业科学,2005(11):184-189.