细胞壁蔗糖转化酶活性上调对番茄果实和种子生长发育的不同影响
|
摘要
以T4代的转基因番茄为材料,研究细胞壁蔗糖转化酶(CWIN)活性上调对番茄果实和种子发育的不同影响。结果发现,CWIN活性上调增加了单果鲜重,但单果种子数量、发芽势和发芽率显著下降,表明CWIN在促进番茄果实生长发育的同时,抑制了种子的生长发育。进一步的生理生化指标测定表明,造成上述现象的可能原因有2个:(1)CWIN活性上调导致果实中储存的淀粉含量下降,同时己糖(葡萄糖和果糖)含量显著上升,表明转基因果实利用过剩光合产物所积累的淀粉的能力增强,从而可以利用的糖分增加,但这些糖分主要被用于果实的生长发育和果实己糖的积累,而不是用于种子生长发育。(2)CWIN活性上调还导致果实中的叶绿素含量下降,推测这可能会导致果实的光合作用下降,从而造成种子生长发育得不到充足的糖分供应,因而生长发育受到抑制。总之,CWIN活性上调可抑制种子发育和促进果实发育,这将为进一步提高番茄的产量和品质提供一种新的思路和方法。
The T4 transgenic tomato with elevated CWIN activity was employed to study the effects of CWIN on seed and fruit development. It was found that the elevated CWIN activity resulted in increased fresh weight per fruit, but decreased seed number per fruit, seed germination rate and germinability. These results showed that although the development of fruit was enhanced by the elevated CWIN activity, the development of seed was impaired. Further investigations at physiological level revealed two possible reasons for the above-stated phenomenon:(1)The elevation of CWIN activity led to decreased starch content and increased hexose(i.e. glucose and fructose) content, indicating there was enhanced capability of transgenic fruits in utilizing photo-assimilates, which facilitating the development of fruit and the hexose accumulation in fruit, instead of the development of seed.(2)The elevation of CWIN activity also resulted in decreased content of chlorophyll in fruits, implying decreased photosynthetic activity of fruit and thus inhibiting seed development due to inadequate supply of photo-assimilates to seed from fruit photosynthesis. Altogether, the elevation of CWIN activity inhibited the development of seed, but promoted that of fruit, which could provide a new pathway to increase the yield and quality of tomato.
The T4 transgenic tomato with elevated CWIN activity was employed to study the effects of CWIN on seed and fruit development. It was found that the elevated CWIN activity resulted in increased fresh weight per fruit, but decreased seed number per fruit, seed germination rate and germinability. These results showed that although the development of fruit was enhanced by the elevated CWIN activity, the development of seed was impaired. Further investigations at physiological level revealed two possible reasons for the above-stated phenomenon:(1)The elevation of CWIN activity led to decreased starch content and increased hexose(i.e. glucose and fructose) content, indicating there was enhanced capability of transgenic fruits in utilizing photo-assimilates, which facilitating the development of fruit and the hexose accumulation in fruit, instead of the development of seed.(2)The elevation of CWIN activity also resulted in decreased content of chlorophyll in fruits, implying decreased photosynthetic activity of fruit and thus inhibiting seed development due to inadequate supply of photo-assimilates to seed from fruit photosynthesis. Altogether, the elevation of CWIN activity inhibited the development of seed, but promoted that of fruit, which could provide a new pathway to increase the yield and quality of tomato.
引文
[1]Weber H,Borisjuk L,Wobus U.Molecular physiology of legume seed development[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2005,56:253-279.
[2]Ruan Y L.Signalling role of sucrose metabolism in development[J].Molecular Plant,2012,5(4):763-765.
[3]Ruan Y L.Sucrose metabolism:gateway to diverse carbon use and sugar signaling[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2014,65:33-67.
[4]Sturm A.Invertases,primary structures,functions,and roles in plant development and sucrose partitioning[J].Plant Physiology,1999,121(1):1-8.
[5]Miller M E,Chourey P S.The maize invertase-deficient minature-1 seed mutation is associated with aberrant pedicel and endosperm development[J].Plant Cell,1992,4:297-305.
[6]Vilhar B,Kladnik A,Blejec A,et al.Cytometrical evidence that the loss of seed weight in the miniature1 seed mutant of maize is associated with reduced mitotic activity in the developing endosperm[J].Plant Physiology,2002,129:23-30.
[7]Wang E,Wang J,Zhu X,et al.Control of rice grain-filling and yield by a gene with a potential signature of domestication[J].Nature Genetics,2008,40:1370-1374.
[8]Zanor M I,Osorio S,Nunes-Nesi A,et al.RNA interference of LIN5 in Solanum lycopersicum confirms its role in controlling Brix content,uncovers the influence of sugars on the levels of fruit hormones and demonstrates the importance of sucrose cleavage for normal fruit development and fertility[J].Plant Physiology,2009,150:1204-1218.
[9]Liu Y H,Offler C E,Ruan Y L.Cell wall invertase promotes fruit set under heat stress by suppressing ROS-independent plant cell death[J].Plant Physiology,2016,172:163-180.
[10]Eeuwens C J,Schwabe W W.Seed and pod wall development in Pisum sativum L.in relation to extracted and applied hormones[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1975,26:1-14.
[11]Oliker M,Poljakoff-Mayber A,Mayer A M.Changes in weight,nitrogen accumulation,respiration and photosynthesis during growth and development of seeds and pods of Phaseolus vulgaris[J].American Journal of Botany,1978,65:366-371.
[12]Lagunes-Espinoza L C,Huyghe C,Papineau J,et al.Effect of genotype and environment on pod wall proportion in white lupin:consequences to seed yield[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1999,50:575-582.
[13]Jin Y,Ni D A,Ruan Y L.Posttranslational elevation of cell wall invertase activity by silencing its inhibitor in tomato delays leaf senescence and increases seed weight and fruit hexose level[J].Plant Cell,2009,21:2072-2089.
[14]Tomlinson K L,Mc Hugh S,Labbe H,et al.Evidence that the hexose-to-Suc ratio does not control the switch to storage product accumulation in oilseeds:analysis of tobacco seed development and effects of overexpressing apoplastic invertase[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2004,55:2291-2303.
[15]King S P,Lunn J E,Furbank R T.Carbohydrate content and enzyme metabolism in developing canola(Brassica napus L.)siliques[J].Plant Physiology,1997,114:153-160.
[16]Smith A M,Zeeman S C.Quantification of starch in plant tissues[J].Nature Protocols,2006,1:1342-1345.
[17]李蒙,束胜,郭世荣,等.2,4-表油菜素内酯对樱桃番茄光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(1):138-145.
[18]Lytovchenko A,Eickmeier I,Pons C,et al.Tomato fruit photosynthesis is seemingly unimportant in primary metabolism and ripening but plays a considerable role in seed development[J].Plant Physiology,2011,157(4):1650-1663.
[19]Huyghe C,Ney B.Architecture effects on yield and produce quality[C]//Problems and Prospects for Winter Sowing of Grain Legumes in Europe.Dijon:Proc AEP workshop,1997:77-82.
[2]Ruan Y L.Signalling role of sucrose metabolism in development[J].Molecular Plant,2012,5(4):763-765.
[3]Ruan Y L.Sucrose metabolism:gateway to diverse carbon use and sugar signaling[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2014,65:33-67.
[4]Sturm A.Invertases,primary structures,functions,and roles in plant development and sucrose partitioning[J].Plant Physiology,1999,121(1):1-8.
[5]Miller M E,Chourey P S.The maize invertase-deficient minature-1 seed mutation is associated with aberrant pedicel and endosperm development[J].Plant Cell,1992,4:297-305.
[6]Vilhar B,Kladnik A,Blejec A,et al.Cytometrical evidence that the loss of seed weight in the miniature1 seed mutant of maize is associated with reduced mitotic activity in the developing endosperm[J].Plant Physiology,2002,129:23-30.
[7]Wang E,Wang J,Zhu X,et al.Control of rice grain-filling and yield by a gene with a potential signature of domestication[J].Nature Genetics,2008,40:1370-1374.
[8]Zanor M I,Osorio S,Nunes-Nesi A,et al.RNA interference of LIN5 in Solanum lycopersicum confirms its role in controlling Brix content,uncovers the influence of sugars on the levels of fruit hormones and demonstrates the importance of sucrose cleavage for normal fruit development and fertility[J].Plant Physiology,2009,150:1204-1218.
[9]Liu Y H,Offler C E,Ruan Y L.Cell wall invertase promotes fruit set under heat stress by suppressing ROS-independent plant cell death[J].Plant Physiology,2016,172:163-180.
[10]Eeuwens C J,Schwabe W W.Seed and pod wall development in Pisum sativum L.in relation to extracted and applied hormones[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1975,26:1-14.
[11]Oliker M,Poljakoff-Mayber A,Mayer A M.Changes in weight,nitrogen accumulation,respiration and photosynthesis during growth and development of seeds and pods of Phaseolus vulgaris[J].American Journal of Botany,1978,65:366-371.
[12]Lagunes-Espinoza L C,Huyghe C,Papineau J,et al.Effect of genotype and environment on pod wall proportion in white lupin:consequences to seed yield[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1999,50:575-582.
[13]Jin Y,Ni D A,Ruan Y L.Posttranslational elevation of cell wall invertase activity by silencing its inhibitor in tomato delays leaf senescence and increases seed weight and fruit hexose level[J].Plant Cell,2009,21:2072-2089.
[14]Tomlinson K L,Mc Hugh S,Labbe H,et al.Evidence that the hexose-to-Suc ratio does not control the switch to storage product accumulation in oilseeds:analysis of tobacco seed development and effects of overexpressing apoplastic invertase[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2004,55:2291-2303.
[15]King S P,Lunn J E,Furbank R T.Carbohydrate content and enzyme metabolism in developing canola(Brassica napus L.)siliques[J].Plant Physiology,1997,114:153-160.
[16]Smith A M,Zeeman S C.Quantification of starch in plant tissues[J].Nature Protocols,2006,1:1342-1345.
[17]李蒙,束胜,郭世荣,等.2,4-表油菜素内酯对樱桃番茄光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(1):138-145.
[18]Lytovchenko A,Eickmeier I,Pons C,et al.Tomato fruit photosynthesis is seemingly unimportant in primary metabolism and ripening but plays a considerable role in seed development[J].Plant Physiology,2011,157(4):1650-1663.
[19]Huyghe C,Ney B.Architecture effects on yield and produce quality[C]//Problems and Prospects for Winter Sowing of Grain Legumes in Europe.Dijon:Proc AEP workshop,1997:77-82.