提高水稻肥料利用率的技术探讨
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摘要
如何提高肥料利用率,减少因过度使用化肥和施肥方式不当而造成的生产成本增加与环境污染是长期以来世界各国共同关注的课题。为了适应国家提出的"一控两减三基本"发展战略需要,尽快解决目前徐州市水稻生产化肥利用率低等问题,本文系统总结了2015-2016年度组织开展的相关肥料利用试验结果。结果表明,全生育期施氮素270～300 kg/hm2,基肥、蘖肥、穗肥比例为2.4∶3.6∶4.0,在倒3叶期施穗肥,是徐州市水稻生产较为适宜的施肥方式,既能保证有充足的穗数,又可争取较多的每穗粒数而实现高产。
How to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the increase of production cost and environmental pollution caused by excessive and improper application of chemical fertilizer has been a common concern of all countries. In order to meet the need of the development strategy of "one control, two reduction and three basic", and solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate at present in China as soon as possible, the authors systematically summarizes the results of the related fertilizer utilization test conducted in2015—2016 in this paper. The results showed that nitrogen application rate was 270 ～300 kg/hm~2, the proportion of base fertilizer,tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 2.4∶3.6∶4.0, and apply fertilizer at the stage of inverted 3 leaf is a suitable way. It could not only ensure enough number of panicles, but also strive for more grain number per panicle to achieve high yield.
How to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the increase of production cost and environmental pollution caused by excessive and improper application of chemical fertilizer has been a common concern of all countries. In order to meet the need of the development strategy of "one control, two reduction and three basic", and solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate at present in China as soon as possible, the authors systematically summarizes the results of the related fertilizer utilization test conducted in2015—2016 in this paper. The results showed that nitrogen application rate was 270 ～300 kg/hm~2, the proportion of base fertilizer,tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 2.4∶3.6∶4.0, and apply fertilizer at the stage of inverted 3 leaf is a suitable way. It could not only ensure enough number of panicles, but also strive for more grain number per panicle to achieve high yield.
引文
[1]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[2]袁丽敏,吴息正,程雅梅.提高水稻肥料利用率的试验研究[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(7):108.
[3]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000:178-197.
[4]万舰军,张洪程,霍中洋,等.氮肥运筹对超级杂交粳稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2007,43(2):175-182.
[5]张洪程,王秀芹,戴其根,等.施氮量对杂交稻两优培九产量、品质及吸氮特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(7):800-806.
[6]王海候,沈明星,刘凤军,等.施氮量对杂交粳稻常优1号产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2007(4):9-11.
[7]张月芳,王子臣,陈留根,等.施氮量对优质粳稻南粳44产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2009(4):84-86.
[2]袁丽敏,吴息正,程雅梅.提高水稻肥料利用率的试验研究[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(7):108.
[3]凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000:178-197.
[4]万舰军,张洪程,霍中洋,等.氮肥运筹对超级杂交粳稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2007,43(2):175-182.
[5]张洪程,王秀芹,戴其根,等.施氮量对杂交稻两优培九产量、品质及吸氮特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(7):800-806.
[6]王海候,沈明星,刘凤军,等.施氮量对杂交粳稻常优1号产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2007(4):9-11.
[7]张月芳,王子臣,陈留根,等.施氮量对优质粳稻南粳44产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2009(4):84-86.