非物质文化遗产数字化发展现状
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摘要
近年来,随着数字技术的迅速发展,数字化成为目前非物质文化遗产保护与传播的主要方式之一.非物质文化遗产数字化在整个数字技术环境中包含一系列活动,涉及记录、保存、展示、传播等数字化实践工作以及相关学术研究和政策制定.本文对非物质文化遗产数字化的发展现状做了较为细致的梳理,从非物质文化遗产及其数字化的概念界定入手,介绍了非物质文化遗产数字化中采集、记录、保存、保护、展示、传播等研究主题,非物质文化遗产数字化的具体技术手段,数字博物馆与数据库等当前非物质文化遗产数字化的运行形态,讨论了在现有研究中存在的问题与不足,并根据最新的研究方向对这一研究领域目前的研究需求以及发展趋势进行了归纳与展望.
Alongside the rapid development of digital technology in recent years, digitalization has emerged as a main technique for protecting and disseminating intangible cultural heritages. The digitization of intangible cultural heritages encompasses a range of activities throughout the digital technology environment, involving both technological practices(recording, preservation, and display) and related academic research and policy formulation. In detail, this paper reviews the developmental status of heritage digitalization. After defining an intangible cultural heritage and its digitization, it discusses the collection, recording, preservation, protection, display, and dissemination of digitized intangible cultural heritages, the technical methods for digitizing an intangible cultural heritage, and the digital operation(digital museums and databases) of intangible cultural heritages. Finally,this paper discusses existing problems and deficiencies, summarizes the current research needs, and forecasts the developmental trends of this research field based on the latest research directions.
Alongside the rapid development of digital technology in recent years, digitalization has emerged as a main technique for protecting and disseminating intangible cultural heritages. The digitization of intangible cultural heritages encompasses a range of activities throughout the digital technology environment, involving both technological practices(recording, preservation, and display) and related academic research and policy formulation. In detail, this paper reviews the developmental status of heritage digitalization. After defining an intangible cultural heritage and its digitization, it discusses the collection, recording, preservation, protection, display, and dissemination of digitized intangible cultural heritages, the technical methods for digitizing an intangible cultural heritage, and the digital operation(digital museums and databases) of intangible cultural heritages. Finally,this paper discusses existing problems and deficiencies, summarizes the current research needs, and forecasts the developmental trends of this research field based on the latest research directions.
引文
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7 Song J H.Some thoughts on the digital protection of intangible cultural heritage.Cultural Heritage,2015,2:1-8[宋俊华.关于非物质文化遗产数字化保护的几点思考.文化遗产,2015,2:1-8]
8 Longley A,Duxbury N.Introduction:mapping cultural intangibles.City Culture Soc,2016,7:1-7
9 Massimiliano P,Gabriele G,Carlo A,et al.3D digitizing of cultural heritage,Cult.Heritage,2001,2:63-70
10 Baca M,Harpring P,Lanzi E,et al.Cataloging Cultural Objects.Chicago:American Library Association,2013.28-30
11 Mallik A,Chaudhury S,Ghosh H.Nrityakosha:preserving the intangible heritage of Indian classical dance.J Comput Cult Herit,2011,4:1-25
12 Gomes L,Regina Pereira Bellon O,Silva L.3D reconstruction methods for digital preservation of cultural heritage:a survey.Pattern Recogn Lett,2014,50:3-14
13 Lina B.Archives in the Digital Age-Standards,Policies and Tools.Oxford:Chandos Publishing,2017.37-50
14 Huang Y L,Tan G X.Digital preservation and development of Chinese intangible cultural heritage.J Central China Normal Univ,2012,2:49-55[黄永林,谈国新.中国非物质文化遗产数字化保护与开发研究.华中师范大学学报,2012,2:49-55]
15 Lyu Y R,Zhang L.Innovative applications of multimedia technologies in digital display for intangible cultural heritage.Packag Eng,2016,10:26-30[吕燕茹,张利.新媒体技术在非物质文化遗产数字化展示中的创新应用.包装工程,2016,10:26-30]
16 Kolay S.Cultural heritage preservation of traditional indian art through virtual new-media.Procedia-Social Behaval Sci,2016,225:309-320
17 Cominelli F,Greffe X.Intangible cultural heritage:safeguarding for creativity.City Culture Soc,2012,3:245-250
18 Ge S Q J,Zhang X Y.The joys and sorrows of the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage projects-the investigation and reflection of the national intangible cultural heritage project“La Zi Dui Xie”.Musicol China,2016,2:113-118[格桑曲杰,章晓燕.非物质文化遗产项目保护传承之喜与忧--国家级非物质文化遗产项目“拉孜堆谐”的考察与思考.中国音乐学,2016,2:113-118]
19 Chang L C.Digital protection and inheritance of Tibetan intangible cultural heritage in the context of new media.JSouthwest Univ Nationalities,2010,11:39-42[常凌翀.新媒体语境下西藏非物质文化遗产的数字化保护与传承探究.西南民族大学学报,2014,11:39-42]
20 Zhou Y H.Digital media:can it preserve and disseminate intangible cultural heritage.J Digit Res Publishing,2012,6:57-63
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22 Fan R.The Key technology in digital preservation and communication for re-gong Thangka.In:Proceedings of the2015 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Research and Mechatronics Engineering,2015.1914-1918
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25 Pappa G,Ioannou N,Christofi M,et al.Preparing student mobility through a VR application for cultural education.In:Advances in Digital Cultural Heritage.Berlin:Springer,2018.218-227
26 Kim U,Shin K.Content concept for VR-based interactive Korean traditional dance experienzone.In:Proceedings of2017 International Conference On Culture And Computing,2017.118-122
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29 Carrozzino M,Scucces A,Leonardi R,et al.Virtually preserving the intangible heritage of artistic handicraft.JCultural Heritage,2011,1:82-87
30 Erik M C.Cultural engagement in virtual heritage environments with inbuilt interactive evaluation mechanisms.In:Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Workshop Presence,2002.117-128
31 Vosinakis S,Avradinis N,Koutsabasis P.Dissemination of intangible cultural heritage using a multi-agent virtual world.In:Advances in Digital Cultural Heritage.Berlin:Springer,2018.197-207
32 Machidon O M,Duguleana M,Carrozzino M.Virtual humans in cultural heritage ICT applications:a review.JCultural Heritage,2018,33:249-260
33 Rauschnabel P A,Brem A,Ivens B S.Who will buy smart glasses?Empirical results of two pre-market-entry studies on the role of personality in individual awareness and intended adoption of Google Glass wearables.Comput Human Behav,2015,49:635-647
34 Schaper M M,Santos M,Malinverni L,et al.Learning about the past through situatedness,embodied exploration and digital augmentation of cultural heritage sites.Int J Human-Comput Studies,2018,114:36-50
35 Fenu C,Pittarello F.Svevo tour:the design and the experimentation of an augmented reality application for engaging visitors of a literary museum.Int J Human-Comput Studies,2018,114:20-35
36 tom Dieck M C,Jung T H.Value of augmented reality at cultural heritage sites:a stakeholder approach.J Destination Marketing Manage,2017,6:110-117
37 Volioti C,Manitsaris S,Hemery E,et al.A natural user interface for gestural expression and emotional elicitation to access the musical intangible cultural heritage.J Comput Cult Herit,2018,11:1-20
38 Koutsabasis P,Vosinakis S.Kinesthetic interactions in museums:conveying cultural heritage by making use of ancient tools and(re-)constructing artworks.Virtual Reality,2018,22:103-118
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42 Malegiannaki I,Daradoumis T.Analyzing the educational design,use and effect of spatial games for cultural heritage:a literature review.Comput Education,2017,108:1-10
43 My Learning.Free learning resources from arts,cultural and heritage organisations.2018-11-02.https://www.mylearning.org/stories/yongs-china-quest-adventure-game-level-1/257
44 Great Bible Race.Game Info.2018-11-02.http://greatbiblerace.com/index.htm
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50 Madirov E,Absalyamova S.The influence of information technologies on the availability of cultural heritage.Procedia-Social Behaval Sci,2015,188:255-258
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1)https://en.unesco.org/programme/mow.
2)http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html.
2 Administrative Law Office of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.Interpretation and Administrative Guide to the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law.Beijing:China Democracy and Legal Publishing House,2011.1-2[全国人大常委会法制工作委员会行政法室.非物质文化遗产法释义及行政指南.北京:中国民主法制出版社,2011.1-2]
3 Carboni N,de Luca L.Towards a conceptual foundation for documenting tangible and intangible elements of a cultural object.Digital Appl Archaeol Cultural Heritage,2016,3:108-116
4 Yuan L,Gu J.The Study of Intangible Cultural Heritage.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009.17[苑利,顾军.非物质文化遗产学.北京:高等教育出版社,2009.17]
5 Wang Y X.The Digitization of National Cultural Heritage.Beijing:People Press,2009.8[王耀希.民族文化遗产数字化.北京:人民出版社,2009.8]
6 Zhou Y,Xu X.A research review on the digitization of intangible cultural heritage.Library Inform Serv,2017,2:6-15[周亚,许鑫.非物质文化遗产数字化研究述评.图书馆情报工作,2017,2:6-15]
7 Song J H.Some thoughts on the digital protection of intangible cultural heritage.Cultural Heritage,2015,2:1-8[宋俊华.关于非物质文化遗产数字化保护的几点思考.文化遗产,2015,2:1-8]
8 Longley A,Duxbury N.Introduction:mapping cultural intangibles.City Culture Soc,2016,7:1-7
9 Massimiliano P,Gabriele G,Carlo A,et al.3D digitizing of cultural heritage,Cult.Heritage,2001,2:63-70
10 Baca M,Harpring P,Lanzi E,et al.Cataloging Cultural Objects.Chicago:American Library Association,2013.28-30
11 Mallik A,Chaudhury S,Ghosh H.Nrityakosha:preserving the intangible heritage of Indian classical dance.J Comput Cult Herit,2011,4:1-25
12 Gomes L,Regina Pereira Bellon O,Silva L.3D reconstruction methods for digital preservation of cultural heritage:a survey.Pattern Recogn Lett,2014,50:3-14
13 Lina B.Archives in the Digital Age-Standards,Policies and Tools.Oxford:Chandos Publishing,2017.37-50
14 Huang Y L,Tan G X.Digital preservation and development of Chinese intangible cultural heritage.J Central China Normal Univ,2012,2:49-55[黄永林,谈国新.中国非物质文化遗产数字化保护与开发研究.华中师范大学学报,2012,2:49-55]
15 Lyu Y R,Zhang L.Innovative applications of multimedia technologies in digital display for intangible cultural heritage.Packag Eng,2016,10:26-30[吕燕茹,张利.新媒体技术在非物质文化遗产数字化展示中的创新应用.包装工程,2016,10:26-30]
16 Kolay S.Cultural heritage preservation of traditional indian art through virtual new-media.Procedia-Social Behaval Sci,2016,225:309-320
17 Cominelli F,Greffe X.Intangible cultural heritage:safeguarding for creativity.City Culture Soc,2012,3:245-250
18 Ge S Q J,Zhang X Y.The joys and sorrows of the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage projects-the investigation and reflection of the national intangible cultural heritage project“La Zi Dui Xie”.Musicol China,2016,2:113-118[格桑曲杰,章晓燕.非物质文化遗产项目保护传承之喜与忧--国家级非物质文化遗产项目“拉孜堆谐”的考察与思考.中国音乐学,2016,2:113-118]
19 Chang L C.Digital protection and inheritance of Tibetan intangible cultural heritage in the context of new media.JSouthwest Univ Nationalities,2010,11:39-42[常凌翀.新媒体语境下西藏非物质文化遗产的数字化保护与传承探究.西南民族大学学报,2014,11:39-42]
20 Zhou Y H.Digital media:can it preserve and disseminate intangible cultural heritage.J Digit Res Publishing,2012,6:57-63
21 Yang C,Peng D,Sun S.Creating a virtual activity for the intangible culture heritage.In:Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence-Workshops,2006.636-641
22 Fan R.The Key technology in digital preservation and communication for re-gong Thangka.In:Proceedings of the2015 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Research and Mechatronics Engineering,2015.1914-1918
23 de Luca L,Busayarat C,de Domenico F,et al.When script engravings reveal a semantic link between the conceptual and the spatial dimensions of a monument:the case of the tomb of Emperor Qianlong.In:Proceedings of the Digital Heritage International Congress,Marseille,2013.505-512
24 Hisatomi K,Tomiyama K,Katayama M,et al.Method of 3D reconstruction using graph cuts,and its application to preserving intangible cultural heritage.In:Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops,Kyoto,2009.923-930
25 Pappa G,Ioannou N,Christofi M,et al.Preparing student mobility through a VR application for cultural education.In:Advances in Digital Cultural Heritage.Berlin:Springer,2018.218-227
26 Kim U,Shin K.Content concept for VR-based interactive Korean traditional dance experienzone.In:Proceedings of2017 International Conference On Culture And Computing,2017.118-122
27 Luo M.Using virtual reality technology to capture“intangible cultural heritage”-taking the protection of Sichuan Opera in Chongqing as an example.Si Chuan Drama,2016,11:94-96[罗敏.用虚拟现实技术捕捉“非遗”--以重庆市的川剧保护为例.四川戏剧,2016,11:94-96]
28 Dai J B.Construction of digital museum of manchu intangible cultural heritage based on virtual reality technology.JTonghua Normal Uninv,2015,1:48-52[代俊波.基于虚拟现实技术的满族非物质文化遗产数字展览馆的构建研究.通化师范学院学报,2015,1:48-52]
29 Carrozzino M,Scucces A,Leonardi R,et al.Virtually preserving the intangible heritage of artistic handicraft.JCultural Heritage,2011,1:82-87
30 Erik M C.Cultural engagement in virtual heritage environments with inbuilt interactive evaluation mechanisms.In:Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Workshop Presence,2002.117-128
31 Vosinakis S,Avradinis N,Koutsabasis P.Dissemination of intangible cultural heritage using a multi-agent virtual world.In:Advances in Digital Cultural Heritage.Berlin:Springer,2018.197-207
32 Machidon O M,Duguleana M,Carrozzino M.Virtual humans in cultural heritage ICT applications:a review.JCultural Heritage,2018,33:249-260
33 Rauschnabel P A,Brem A,Ivens B S.Who will buy smart glasses?Empirical results of two pre-market-entry studies on the role of personality in individual awareness and intended adoption of Google Glass wearables.Comput Human Behav,2015,49:635-647
34 Schaper M M,Santos M,Malinverni L,et al.Learning about the past through situatedness,embodied exploration and digital augmentation of cultural heritage sites.Int J Human-Comput Studies,2018,114:36-50
35 Fenu C,Pittarello F.Svevo tour:the design and the experimentation of an augmented reality application for engaging visitors of a literary museum.Int J Human-Comput Studies,2018,114:20-35
36 tom Dieck M C,Jung T H.Value of augmented reality at cultural heritage sites:a stakeholder approach.J Destination Marketing Manage,2017,6:110-117
37 Volioti C,Manitsaris S,Hemery E,et al.A natural user interface for gestural expression and emotional elicitation to access the musical intangible cultural heritage.J Comput Cult Herit,2018,11:1-20
38 Koutsabasis P,Vosinakis S.Kinesthetic interactions in museums:conveying cultural heritage by making use of ancient tools and(re-)constructing artworks.Virtual Reality,2018,22:103-118
39 Tongpaeng Y,Sribunthankul P,Sureephong P.Evaluating realtime thai dance using Thai dance training tool.In:Proceedings of 2018 International Conference on Digital Arts,Media and Technology(ICDAMT),2018.185-189
40 Zhao G,Zan H,Di B,et al.Research on tujia brocade craft visualization based on unmarked motion capture technique.In:Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics,2017.162-166
41 MSRA.The Palace Museum cooperates with MSRA and Peking University to reproduce the painting of along the river during the qingming festival.Matrix,2010,16:4-5[微软亚洲研究院.故宫博物院与微软,北大合作再现宋都盛景古音.Matrix,2010,16:4-5]
42 Malegiannaki I,Daradoumis T.Analyzing the educational design,use and effect of spatial games for cultural heritage:a literature review.Comput Education,2017,108:1-10
43 My Learning.Free learning resources from arts,cultural and heritage organisations.2018-11-02.https://www.mylearning.org/stories/yongs-china-quest-adventure-game-level-1/257
44 Great Bible Race.Game Info.2018-11-02.http://greatbiblerace.com/index.htm
45 Fanini B,Pagano A.Interface design for serious game visual strategies the case study of“Imago Bononiae”.In:Proceedings of Digital Heritage,Granada,2016.623-626
46 Vourvopoulos A,Liarokapis F,Petridis P.Brain-controlled serious games for cultural heritage.In:Proceedings of the18th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia(VSMM),Milan,2012.291-298
47 Froschauer J,Seidel I,Gartner M,et al.Design and evaluation of a serious game for immersive cultural training.In:Proceedings of International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia,Seoul,2010.253-260
48 Wang H J.The basis of Chinese Museology.Shanghai:Shanghai Classics Publishing House,2001.53[王宏钧.中国博物馆学基础.上海:上海古籍出版社,2001.53]
49 de Carolis B,Gena C,Kuflik T,et al.Special issue on advanced interfaces for cultural heritage.Int J Human-Comput Studies,2018,114:1-2
50 Madirov E,Absalyamova S.The influence of information technologies on the availability of cultural heritage.Procedia-Social Behaval Sci,2015,188:255-258
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1)https://en.unesco.org/programme/mow.
2)http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html.