人口流动导引的家庭代价及发展省思——基于陇东南Q村的个案考察
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摘要
以陇东南Q村为个案,在分析农村人口流动动因的基础上,系统梳理了人口流动导引的一系列家庭代价。家庭功能遭致消解性代价方面,表现为儿童青少年的教育抚养和老年人养老照料功能弱化;家庭风险多发频发性代价方面,表现为婚姻和家庭稳定性下降、青少年越轨行为突出和家庭成员安全风险增大;家庭分化或衰落性代价方面,表现为空巢家庭、隔代家庭和独身家庭大量出现,家庭的空壳化和复杂分化成为部分家庭走向衰落的前兆。代价视角的分析表明,需要将家庭置于相关制度设置和公共政策讨论的核心,明确家庭建设在中国农村社会具有的特殊的文化价值和现实意义。发展和守护家庭,调动家庭自我保障、自我调节和服务的功能及积极性,是政府相关政策制定中必须予以重视的关键议题。
As a case,Q village in southeastern Gansu. Through the analysis of reasons for the flow of rural population,the paper examines a series of family costs caused by population migration. In terms of the cost of weakening family functions,it is mainly manifested in weakening of children's education and elderly care; In terms of the cost of frequent family risks,the main manifestations are instability of marriage and family,serious deviant behavior of children,and increased risk of family members; In terms of family differentiation or fading cost,there has been a large number of empty-nest families,intergenerational families and single-family families. The emptying and complex differentiation of families has become a precursor to the decline of some families. The analysis of the perspective of cost shows that the family needs to be placed at the core of institutional and policy discussions,and the special cultural and practical significance of family building in Chinese society is clarified. Developing and guarding the family and exerting the functions and enthusiasm of family self-protection,self-regulation and service are key issues that must be paid attention to in the formulation of government policies.
As a case,Q village in southeastern Gansu. Through the analysis of reasons for the flow of rural population,the paper examines a series of family costs caused by population migration. In terms of the cost of weakening family functions,it is mainly manifested in weakening of children's education and elderly care; In terms of the cost of frequent family risks,the main manifestations are instability of marriage and family,serious deviant behavior of children,and increased risk of family members; In terms of family differentiation or fading cost,there has been a large number of empty-nest families,intergenerational families and single-family families. The emptying and complex differentiation of families has become a precursor to the decline of some families. The analysis of the perspective of cost shows that the family needs to be placed at the core of institutional and policy discussions,and the special cultural and practical significance of family building in Chinese society is clarified. Developing and guarding the family and exerting the functions and enthusiasm of family self-protection,self-regulation and service are key issues that must be paid attention to in the formulation of government policies.
引文
[1]林斐.中国农民大分流.合肥:黄山书社,2008
[2]严国红,李宏伟.论“社会心理”的内生逻辑关系.山西师大学报(社会科学版),2013(2):157-160
[3]托马斯,兹纳涅茨基.身处欧美的波兰农民.张友云,译.南京:译林出版社,2000
[4]林金树.晚明社会变迁与农村人口流动.中国文化研究,2004(1):4-5
[5]汪建华.流动人口家庭化的趋势、问题与应对.文化纵横,2017(5):62-71
[6]王跃生.中国当代家庭、家户和家的“分”与“合”.中国社会科学,2016(4):91-110
[7]吴凡,杨伟伟.留守儿童和流动儿童成长环境的缺失与重构---基于抗逆力理论视角的分析.人口研究,2011(6):90-99
[8]Spera C.A Review of the Relationship among Parenting Practices,Parenting Styles,and Adolescent School Achievement.Educational Psychology Review,2005(2):125-146
[9]金小红,徐晓华,太小杰.乡村结构变迁背景下农村儿童的生存现状:一项比较研究.教育研究与实验,2017(2):24-29
[10]于建嵘.农村留守群体:问题、根源与对策.社会政策研究,2017(1):95-109
[11]陆继霞.留守儿童情感缺失:工业化进程中的社会之痛.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011(3):97-103
[12]段成荣.我国流动和留守儿童的几个基本问题.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015(1):46-50
[13]段成荣,吕利丹,邹湘江.当前我国流动人口面临的主要问题和对策---基于2010年第六次全国人口普查数据的分析.人口研究,2013(2):17-24
[14]舒玢玢,同钰莹.成年子女外出务工对农村老年人健康的影响---再论“父母在,不远游”.人口研究,2017(2):42-56
[15]Benjamin H.Gottlieb,“Social Support as a Focus for Integrative Research in Psychology,”American Psychologist,1983(3):278-287
[16]贺聪志,叶敬忠.农村劳动力外出务工对留守老人生活照料的影响研究.农业经济问题,2010(3):46-53
[17]费孝通.乡土中国生育制度.北京大学出版社,1998
[18]郑杭生.社会学概论新修.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003
[19]宋林飞.西方社会学理论.南京大学出版社,1997
[20]费梅苹,何扬琼.外来务工越轨青少年的生命历程研究---以X村外来务工青少年为例.社会建设,2016(1):29-38
[21]梁漱溟.中国文化要义.上海人民出版社,2005
[22]方旭东.家庭与社会---一项西方社会思想史的探索.学术界,2016(11):231-245
[23]李远行,杨勇,余聆溪.中国乡村感性秩序崩解及其重构.中国农村观察,2016(4):32-39
[24]马道明,杜璐.城市化背景下农村家庭生态的嬗变---以安徽南屏村为例.学海,2016(5):112-117
[25]费孝通.家庭结构变动中的老年赡养问题---再论中国家庭结构的变动.北京大学学报,1983(3):7-15
[26]叶敬忠.留守人口与发展遭遇.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011(1):5-12
[27]景天魁.时空压缩与中国社会建设.兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2015(5):1-9
[28]徐晓新,张秀兰.将家庭视角纳入公共政策---基于流动儿童义务教育政策演进的分析.中国社会科学,2016(6):151-169
(1)这115名流动儿童中,绝大部分是由父母或其它家庭成员专门带进城市的学龄儿童,多由家人专门陪护,目的就是为了让其在城市接受更好的教育,只有很少是父母带进城,边工作边抚养的非学龄儿童。
(1)这三个“离婚户”均因妻子流动外出时移情别恋导致,其中两位妻子在未办理离婚手续的情况下抛弃家庭出走,因而两位男性至今处于“被离婚”的状态。
[2]严国红,李宏伟.论“社会心理”的内生逻辑关系.山西师大学报(社会科学版),2013(2):157-160
[3]托马斯,兹纳涅茨基.身处欧美的波兰农民.张友云,译.南京:译林出版社,2000
[4]林金树.晚明社会变迁与农村人口流动.中国文化研究,2004(1):4-5
[5]汪建华.流动人口家庭化的趋势、问题与应对.文化纵横,2017(5):62-71
[6]王跃生.中国当代家庭、家户和家的“分”与“合”.中国社会科学,2016(4):91-110
[7]吴凡,杨伟伟.留守儿童和流动儿童成长环境的缺失与重构---基于抗逆力理论视角的分析.人口研究,2011(6):90-99
[8]Spera C.A Review of the Relationship among Parenting Practices,Parenting Styles,and Adolescent School Achievement.Educational Psychology Review,2005(2):125-146
[9]金小红,徐晓华,太小杰.乡村结构变迁背景下农村儿童的生存现状:一项比较研究.教育研究与实验,2017(2):24-29
[10]于建嵘.农村留守群体:问题、根源与对策.社会政策研究,2017(1):95-109
[11]陆继霞.留守儿童情感缺失:工业化进程中的社会之痛.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011(3):97-103
[12]段成荣.我国流动和留守儿童的几个基本问题.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015(1):46-50
[13]段成荣,吕利丹,邹湘江.当前我国流动人口面临的主要问题和对策---基于2010年第六次全国人口普查数据的分析.人口研究,2013(2):17-24
[14]舒玢玢,同钰莹.成年子女外出务工对农村老年人健康的影响---再论“父母在,不远游”.人口研究,2017(2):42-56
[15]Benjamin H.Gottlieb,“Social Support as a Focus for Integrative Research in Psychology,”American Psychologist,1983(3):278-287
[16]贺聪志,叶敬忠.农村劳动力外出务工对留守老人生活照料的影响研究.农业经济问题,2010(3):46-53
[17]费孝通.乡土中国生育制度.北京大学出版社,1998
[18]郑杭生.社会学概论新修.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003
[19]宋林飞.西方社会学理论.南京大学出版社,1997
[20]费梅苹,何扬琼.外来务工越轨青少年的生命历程研究---以X村外来务工青少年为例.社会建设,2016(1):29-38
[21]梁漱溟.中国文化要义.上海人民出版社,2005
[22]方旭东.家庭与社会---一项西方社会思想史的探索.学术界,2016(11):231-245
[23]李远行,杨勇,余聆溪.中国乡村感性秩序崩解及其重构.中国农村观察,2016(4):32-39
[24]马道明,杜璐.城市化背景下农村家庭生态的嬗变---以安徽南屏村为例.学海,2016(5):112-117
[25]费孝通.家庭结构变动中的老年赡养问题---再论中国家庭结构的变动.北京大学学报,1983(3):7-15
[26]叶敬忠.留守人口与发展遭遇.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011(1):5-12
[27]景天魁.时空压缩与中国社会建设.兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2015(5):1-9
[28]徐晓新,张秀兰.将家庭视角纳入公共政策---基于流动儿童义务教育政策演进的分析.中国社会科学,2016(6):151-169
(1)这115名流动儿童中,绝大部分是由父母或其它家庭成员专门带进城市的学龄儿童,多由家人专门陪护,目的就是为了让其在城市接受更好的教育,只有很少是父母带进城,边工作边抚养的非学龄儿童。
(1)这三个“离婚户”均因妻子流动外出时移情别恋导致,其中两位妻子在未办理离婚手续的情况下抛弃家庭出走,因而两位男性至今处于“被离婚”的状态。