海德格尔式人工智能及其对“意识”问题的反思——兼与何怀宏先生商榷
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摘要
在人工智能就要不可避免地全面介入日常生活的时代,如何理解人工智能的存在,如何理解这样一种背景下的人类自身,成为学界热议的话题。不少学者表达了对人工智能威胁人类文明的恐惧和忧虑,提倡重返与物质文化相对的精神文化,警惕智能机器获得超强能力,反叛乃至毁灭人类。然而,人工智能研究发展的历史过程表明:人工智能并非洪水猛兽,在它们身上不会发展出想要反叛人类的"独立意识",但却可能发展出属于人工智能自身的"认知"方式。这样一种发展确实存在安全隐患,但是,要应对这种隐患,不能仅仅满足于把人工智能视为人的对立面来寻找人的意义,而需要人文学者打破学科禁锢,积极去了解人工智能,从其自身出发去思考、改善其与人类共在的方式,才能真正参与到人工智能在当代社会生活的发展进程中去,为人工智能的技术发展增添人文关怀。
In an era when artificial intelligence(AI) seems increasingly invasive in our daily life,the issues including how to understand such an existence or how to understand human beings anew have been debated in academic circles.Many scholars express their concern,anxiety or even fear for the threat of AI to human civilization,advocate returning to the spiritual culture as opposed to material culture represented by AI,in order to guard against intelligent machines' superb capabilities and their possible rebelling in the future.However,the historical process of the research and development of AI shows that they cannot develop an "independent consciousness" for rebelling against human,but may develop a certain "cognition" that belong to AI themselves.However,to deal with the potential danger of the development of AI cognition,we should not be satisfied with looking for the meaning of human beings as opposed to AI or simply resisting the research of AI,but rather break the disciplinary barrier,trying to understand AI actively from its own perspective and thus improving the way AI could coexist with human beings.There are lots of research tasks for humanists to engage in the developing process of AI in human society.
In an era when artificial intelligence(AI) seems increasingly invasive in our daily life,the issues including how to understand such an existence or how to understand human beings anew have been debated in academic circles.Many scholars express their concern,anxiety or even fear for the threat of AI to human civilization,advocate returning to the spiritual culture as opposed to material culture represented by AI,in order to guard against intelligent machines' superb capabilities and their possible rebelling in the future.However,the historical process of the research and development of AI shows that they cannot develop an "independent consciousness" for rebelling against human,but may develop a certain "cognition" that belong to AI themselves.However,to deal with the potential danger of the development of AI cognition,we should not be satisfied with looking for the meaning of human beings as opposed to AI or simply resisting the research of AI,but rather break the disciplinary barrier,trying to understand AI actively from its own perspective and thus improving the way AI could coexist with human beings.There are lots of research tasks for humanists to engage in the developing process of AI in human society.
引文
(1)顾骏:《天问:二元智能时代的一元未来》,《探索与争鸣》2017年第10期。
(2)江晓原:《人工智能:威胁人类文明的科技之火》,《探索与争鸣》2017年第10期。
(1)何怀宏:《何以为人人将何为——人工智能的未来挑战》,《探索与争鸣》2017年第10期。
(1)J.R.Searle,"Minds,Brains,and Programs,Behavioral and Bmin Sciences,no.3(1980),pp.417-457.
(1)J.Haugeland,"Artificial Intelligence:the Very Idea,"Philosophical Review,no.7(1985),pp.3-11.
(1)N.K.Hayles,How We Became Posthuman,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1999,pp.237-238.
(2)N.K.Hayles,How We Became Posthuman,pp.223-224.
(3)凯瑟琳·海勒:《我们何以成为后人类》,刘宇清译,北京:北京大学出版社,2017年。
(4)N.K.Hayles,"The Cognitive Nonconscious:Enlarging the Mind of the Humanities."Critical Inquiry,no.4(2016),p.792.
(5)Katherine N.Hayles,"Cognitive Assemblages:Technical Agency and Human Interactions,"Critical Inquiry,no.1(2016),pp.32-55.
(2)江晓原:《人工智能:威胁人类文明的科技之火》,《探索与争鸣》2017年第10期。
(1)何怀宏:《何以为人人将何为——人工智能的未来挑战》,《探索与争鸣》2017年第10期。
(1)J.R.Searle,"Minds,Brains,and Programs,Behavioral and Bmin Sciences,no.3(1980),pp.417-457.
(1)J.Haugeland,"Artificial Intelligence:the Very Idea,"Philosophical Review,no.7(1985),pp.3-11.
(1)N.K.Hayles,How We Became Posthuman,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1999,pp.237-238.
(2)N.K.Hayles,How We Became Posthuman,pp.223-224.
(3)凯瑟琳·海勒:《我们何以成为后人类》,刘宇清译,北京:北京大学出版社,2017年。
(4)N.K.Hayles,"The Cognitive Nonconscious:Enlarging the Mind of the Humanities."Critical Inquiry,no.4(2016),p.792.
(5)Katherine N.Hayles,"Cognitive Assemblages:Technical Agency and Human Interactions,"Critical Inquiry,no.1(2016),pp.32-55.