物联网产业集群的人力资本效率分解——对广州经济技术开发区11家企业2008-2015年间的跟踪调研
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摘要
物联网产业作为我国战略性新兴产业亟待集群式及产业链协同式发展,其中关键点在人力资本的时间与空间协同。以人力资本为切入点,以提升集群产业链纵向协同效率为目标,应用典型相关分析法,从时序协同和空间协同两个维度分解物联网集群三环节间的人力资本综合效率、存量效率和再生量效率的协同情况。广州经济技术开发区物联网产业始于2006年,经十多年的发展,初具集群式产业链组织形态,具有典型的示范意义。根据其中11家企业2008-2015年间的跟踪调研数据,从感知、传输和应用纵向三环节展开空间协同性研究。结果表明,2008-2015年间物联网集群三环节的人力资本综合效率、存量效率和再生量效率都呈现上升态势,时序协同性较好。在空间协同性上,2013-2015年集群三环节间人力资本综合效率显现出较高的协同特征,2014年及2015年集群三环节间人力资本存量效率和再生量效率呈现出基本协同特征。2008-2015年间,管理人才投入和集群内协同创新交流培训投入的产出效应明显。存在的问题主要是,集群三环节间人力资本投入产出效率的差异性较大,未能有效发挥技术人才人力资本效率,R&D投入产出效率不高。
As a strategic emerging industry in China,the Internet of Things( IOT) industry is in urgent need of cluster type and synergistic development of the industrial chain. Taking human capital as the starting point,the paper aims to improve the vertical coordination efficiency of cluster industrial chain. Based on the method of canonical correlation analysis,the paper analyzes and evaluates the synergistic situation of human capital efficiency,stock efficiency and regeneration efficiency among three links of IOT cluster in Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone,from time series coordination and spatial coordination. The results show that the synergies between three links in the IOT cluster are better during 2008-2015. It also shows that there is upward trend among the overall efficiency,stock efficiency and regeneration efficiency of human capital. In terms of spatial synergy,the overall synergy of human capital shows a high degree of synergy between the three links in the cluster during 2013-2015. The synergistic characteristics of human capital and the efficiency of regeneration show a basic synergy between the three links in the cluster in 2014 and 2015. In the past 8 years,it was obvious that the output effect of investment in management personnel and in-cluster collaborative innovation exchange training. The existing problems are as follow. Firstly,there is great difference in the efficiency of input and output of human capital between the three links of the cluster. Secondly,the efficiency of human resources of technical personnel can not be effectively utilized. Finally,the input-output efficiency of R&D is not high.
As a strategic emerging industry in China,the Internet of Things( IOT) industry is in urgent need of cluster type and synergistic development of the industrial chain. Taking human capital as the starting point,the paper aims to improve the vertical coordination efficiency of cluster industrial chain. Based on the method of canonical correlation analysis,the paper analyzes and evaluates the synergistic situation of human capital efficiency,stock efficiency and regeneration efficiency among three links of IOT cluster in Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone,from time series coordination and spatial coordination. The results show that the synergies between three links in the IOT cluster are better during 2008-2015. It also shows that there is upward trend among the overall efficiency,stock efficiency and regeneration efficiency of human capital. In terms of spatial synergy,the overall synergy of human capital shows a high degree of synergy between the three links in the cluster during 2013-2015. The synergistic characteristics of human capital and the efficiency of regeneration show a basic synergy between the three links in the cluster in 2014 and 2015. In the past 8 years,it was obvious that the output effect of investment in management personnel and in-cluster collaborative innovation exchange training. The existing problems are as follow. Firstly,there is great difference in the efficiency of input and output of human capital between the three links of the cluster. Secondly,the efficiency of human resources of technical personnel can not be effectively utilized. Finally,the input-output efficiency of R&D is not high.
引文
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[22]迟国泰,杨德,吴珊珊.基于DEA方法的中国商业银行综合效率的研究[J].中国管理科学,2006,14(5):52-61.
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[25]魏江,徐蕾.知识网络双重嵌入、知识整合与集群企业创新能力[J].管理科学学报,2014,17(2):34-47.
[26]Rui,B.,Swann,P..Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More?[J].Research Policy,1998,27(5):525-540.
[27]李浩.社会资本视角下的网络知识管理框架及进展研究[J].管理世界,2012,(3):158-169.
[28]Andac,T.A..Interfirm Knowledge Exchanges and the Knowledge Creation Capability of Clusters[J].Academy of Management Review,2009,34(4):658-676.
[29]王铮,郑钦月,王利赞等.R&D投入对中国经济的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2018,36(10):1750-1757.
[30]岳中刚.战略性新兴产业技术链与产业链协同发展研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(2):154-161.
[31]Lazerson,M.H.,Lorenzoni,G..The Firms that Feed Industrial Districts:A Return to the Italian Source[J].Industrial&Corporate Change,1999,8(2):235-266.
[32]Serrano,V.,Fischer,T..Collaborative Innovation in Ubiquitous System[J].Journal of International Manufacturing,2007,18(5):599-615.
[33]刘霞.产业集群协同演进研究---以温州鞋业集群为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,30(10):53-58.
[34]上创立,赵德海,仲深.基于产业链整合视角的流通产业发展方式转变研究[J].中国软科学,2013,(3):175-183.
[35]Kratke,S..Regional Knowledge Networks:A Network Analysis Approach to the Interlinking of Knowledge Resources[J].European Urban&Regional Studies,2010,17(1):83-97.
[2]姜明辉,贾晓辉.基于C-D生产函数的产业集群对区域创新能力影响机制及实证研究[J].中国软科学,2013,(6):154-161.
[3]Carbonara,N..Innovation Processes Within Geographical Clusters:A Cognitive Approach[J].Technovation,2004,24(1):17-28.
[4]万幼清,王云云.产业集群协同创新的企业竞合关系研究[J].管理世界,2014,(8):175-176.
[5]王明辉,陈扬.纵向协同创新模式及实证分析[J].现代管理科学,2015,(9):55-57.
[6]王艳,纪志成.物联网产业协同创新模型与机制研究[J].贵州社会科学,2013,(5):149-154.
[7]Lin,C.H.,Tung,C.M.,Huang,C.T..Elucidating the Industrial Cluster Effect from a System Dynamics Perspective[J].Technovation,2006,26(4):473-482.
[8]郑季良,周菲,董洁.制造产业链循环经济发展中的协同创新问题研究[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29(22):90-94.
[9]万幼清,张妮,鲁平俊.产业集群协同创新风险及其形成机理研究[J].管理世界,2015,(2):182-183.
[10]王俊倩,卢星名.基于协同创新的产业集群创新机制研究[J].中国管理信息化,2014,(16):107-108.
[11]张华胜,薛澜.基于典则相关分析的制造业知识性投入与产出效率评估[J].中国管理科学,2003,11(4):62-68.
[12]史君卿,吴敬学,窦以文.技术效率分析中的主要方法及其比较研究[J].农业经济问题,2008,(s1):53-60.
[13]Ruggiero,J..A New Approach for Technical Efficiency Estimation in Multiple Output Production[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998,111(2):369-380.
[14]Gyimah,B.K.,Gyapong,A.O..Characteristics of Education Production Functions:An Application of Canonical Regression Analysis[J].Economics of Education Review,1991,10(1):7-17.
[15]李海峥,梁玲,Barbara等.中国人力资本测度与指数构建[J].经济研究,2010,(8):42-54.
[16]王金营.人力资本与经济增长:理论与实证[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2001.
[17]钱晓烨,迟巍,黎波.人力资本对我国区域创新及经济增长的影响---基于空间计量的实证研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010,(4):107-121.
[18]Gemmell,N..Evaluating the Impacts of Human Capital Stocks and Accumulation on Economic Growth:Some New Evidence[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,1996,58(1):9-28.
[19]Meagher,K.,Rogers,M..Network Density and R&D Spillovers[J].Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2004,53(2):237-260.
[20]朱秀梅.高技术产业集群创新路径与机理实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2008,(2):66-75.
[21]王瑜,任浩.模块化组织价值创新:内涵与本质[J].科学学研究,2014,32(2):282-288.
[22]迟国泰,杨德,吴珊珊.基于DEA方法的中国商业银行综合效率的研究[J].中国管理科学,2006,14(5):52-61.
[23]中国政府网.2012年国务院政府工作报告[EB/OL].[2012-3-15](2018-02-03)http://www.gov.cn/test/2012-03/15/content_2067314.htm.
[24]刘勇燕,郭丽峰.物联网产业发展现状及瓶颈研究[J].中国科技论坛,2012,(4):66-71.
[25]魏江,徐蕾.知识网络双重嵌入、知识整合与集群企业创新能力[J].管理科学学报,2014,17(2):34-47.
[26]Rui,B.,Swann,P..Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More?[J].Research Policy,1998,27(5):525-540.
[27]李浩.社会资本视角下的网络知识管理框架及进展研究[J].管理世界,2012,(3):158-169.
[28]Andac,T.A..Interfirm Knowledge Exchanges and the Knowledge Creation Capability of Clusters[J].Academy of Management Review,2009,34(4):658-676.
[29]王铮,郑钦月,王利赞等.R&D投入对中国经济的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2018,36(10):1750-1757.
[30]岳中刚.战略性新兴产业技术链与产业链协同发展研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(2):154-161.
[31]Lazerson,M.H.,Lorenzoni,G..The Firms that Feed Industrial Districts:A Return to the Italian Source[J].Industrial&Corporate Change,1999,8(2):235-266.
[32]Serrano,V.,Fischer,T..Collaborative Innovation in Ubiquitous System[J].Journal of International Manufacturing,2007,18(5):599-615.
[33]刘霞.产业集群协同演进研究---以温州鞋业集群为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,30(10):53-58.
[34]上创立,赵德海,仲深.基于产业链整合视角的流通产业发展方式转变研究[J].中国软科学,2013,(3):175-183.
[35]Kratke,S..Regional Knowledge Networks:A Network Analysis Approach to the Interlinking of Knowledge Resources[J].European Urban&Regional Studies,2010,17(1):83-97.