环境规制的“本地—邻地”绿色技术进步效应
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摘要
前沿研究关注环境政策对本地绿色技术创新的激励作用,却普遍忽视环境规制可能对邻地绿色技术进步的影响。本文在Acemoglu et al.(2012)环境技术进步方向模型的基础上,数理演绎环境规制对"本地—邻地"绿色技术创新的影响,结合城市面板数据检验环境规制对"本地—邻地"绿色技术进步作用的真实效果。结果发现:(1)环境规制的"本地—邻地"绿色技术进步效应非一致性特征突出,环境规制并非一定能激励本地绿色技术进步,主要表现为先抑后扬的门槛特征。而环境规制对邻地绿色技术进步表现出倒U型作用效应,且峰值在城市经济圈300千米地域内。(2)高环境规制地区易引致污染产业向邻地转移,短期邻地产业承接会提高其收入水平促进绿色技术进步,但长期污染产业转移会影响邻地产业朝绿色技术方向转变。同时,不同城市环境规制政策并未实现同步激励,减弱了对绿色技术创新的激励及降低"本地—邻地"技术创新联动效应。
Literature focuses on the incentive effect of environmental policies on local green technology innovation, while paying little attention to the effect of neighboring areas. Based on environmental technology progress direction model of Acemoglu et al.(2012), this paper builds two region model to deduce the effect of environmental regulation on local and adjacent green technology innovation. It shows that:(1) There are non-consistency between the local and neighboring green technology progress effect caused by environmental regulation.The environmental regulation does not necessarily motivate local green technology progress, and has the threshold effect. While it will have an effect of proximity on the neighborhood, which exhibits the inverted u-shaped feature and its peak exists in the 300 km economic circle.(2)Areas with high environmental regulations are prone to lead to the transfer of polluting industries to neighboring areas. In the short term, the increase of polluting industry in neighboring areas improves the income level of the region and promotes green technological progress. However, in the long term, transferring polluting industries will render technical change turn to non-clean direction. Meanwhile,it weakens the incentives to innovating green technology and reduces the linkage effect between local and neighboring technological progress that there is the incoordination of environmental polices among cities in China.
Literature focuses on the incentive effect of environmental policies on local green technology innovation, while paying little attention to the effect of neighboring areas. Based on environmental technology progress direction model of Acemoglu et al.(2012), this paper builds two region model to deduce the effect of environmental regulation on local and adjacent green technology innovation. It shows that:(1) There are non-consistency between the local and neighboring green technology progress effect caused by environmental regulation.The environmental regulation does not necessarily motivate local green technology progress, and has the threshold effect. While it will have an effect of proximity on the neighborhood, which exhibits the inverted u-shaped feature and its peak exists in the 300 km economic circle.(2)Areas with high environmental regulations are prone to lead to the transfer of polluting industries to neighboring areas. In the short term, the increase of polluting industry in neighboring areas improves the income level of the region and promotes green technological progress. However, in the long term, transferring polluting industries will render technical change turn to non-clean direction. Meanwhile,it weakens the incentives to innovating green technology and reduces the linkage effect between local and neighboring technological progress that there is the incoordination of environmental polices among cities in China.
引文
[1]陈超凡.中国工业绿色全要素生产率及其影响因素——基于ML生产率指数及动态面板模型的实证研究[J].统计研究, 2016,(3):53-62.
[2]陈诗一,陈登科.雾霾污染、政府治理与经济高质量发展[J].经济研究, 2018,(2):20-34.
[3]董直庆,蔡啸,王林辉.技术进步方向、城市用地规模和环境质量[J].经济研究, 2014,(10):111-123.
[4]董直庆,焦翠红,王芳玲.环境规制陷阱与技术进步方向转变效应检验[J].上海财经大学学报, 2015,(3):69-78.
[5]康恒元,刘玉莲,李涛.黑龙江省重点城市AQI指数特征及其与气象要素之关系[J].自然资源学报, 2017,(4):692-703.
[6]李斌,彭星,陈柱华.环境规制、FDI与中国治污技术创新——基于省际动态面板数据的分析[J].财经研究, 2011,(10):92-102.
[7]李斌,彭星,欧阳铭珂.环境规制、绿色全要素生产率与中国工业发展方式转变[J].中国工业经济, 2013,(4):56-68.
[8]李婧,谭清美,白俊红.中国区域创新生产的空间计量分析——基于静态与动态空间面板模型的实证研究[J].管理世界, 2010,(7):43-56.
[9]李胜兰,初善冰,申晨.地方政府竞争、环境规制与区域生态效率[J].世界经济, 2014,(4):88-110.
[10]林伯强,邹楚沅.发展阶段变迁与中国环境政策选择[J].中国社会科学, 2014,(5):81-95.
[11]陆铭,冯皓.集聚与减排:城市规模差距影响工业污染强度的经验研究[J].世界经济, 2014,(7):86-114.
[12]沈坤荣,金刚,方娴.环境规制引起了污染就近转移吗[J].经济研究, 2017,(5):44-59.
[13]沈能.环境效率、行业异质性与最优规制强度——中国工业行业面板数据的非线性检验[J].中国工业经济,2012,(3):56-68.
[14]王敏,黄滢.中国的环境污染与经济增长[J].经济学(季刊), 2015,(2):557-578.
[15]杨振兵,邵帅,杨莉莉.中国绿色工业变革的最优路径选择——基于技术进步要素偏向视角的经验考察[J].经济学动态, 2016,(1):76-89.
[16]叶琴,曾刚,戴劭勍,王丰龙.不同环境规制工具对中国节能减排技术创新的影响——基于285个地级市面板数据[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2018,(2):115-122.
[17]易信,刘凤良.金融发展、技术创新与产业结构转型——多部门内生增长理论分析框架[J].管理世界, 2015,(10):24-39.
[18]张成,陆旸,郭路,于同申.环境规制强度和生产技术进步[J].经济研究, 2011,(2):113-124.
[19]周景坤.从城市发展水平与年均降雨量的关系探究我国雾霾污染问题研究——基于2013年73个主要城市截面数据的分析[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2017,(8):94-100.
[20]朱平芳,张征宇,姜国麟. FDI与环境规制:基于地方分权视角的实证研究[J].经济研究, 2011,(6):133-145.
[21]Acemoglu, D., P. Aghion, L. Bursztyn, and D. Hemous. The Environment and Directed Technical Change[J].American Economic Review, 2012,102(1):131-166.
[22]Aghion, P., A. Dechezle pretre, D. Hemous, and R. Martin. CarbonTaxes, Path Dependency and Directed Technical Change:Evidence from the Auto Industry[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 2016,124(1):1-51.
[23]Andreoni, J., and A. Levinson. The Simple Analytics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve[J]. Journal of Public Economics, 2001,80(2):269-286.
[24]Barro, R. J., and X. Sala-i-Martin. Technological Diffusion, Convergence, and Growth[J]. Journal of Economic Growth, 1997,2(1):1-25.
[25]Brock, W., and M. Taylor. The Green Solow Model[J]. Journal of Economic Growth, 2010,15(2):127-153.
[26]Conrad, K., and D. Wastl. The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Productivity in German Industries[J].Empirical Economics, 1995,20(4):615-633.
[27]Dechezleprêtre, A., M. Glachant, I. Hascic, N. Johnstone, and Y. Ménière. Invention and Transfer of Climate Change-Mitigation Technologies:A Global Analysis[J]. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy,2011,5(1):109-130.
[28]Gray, W. B., and R. J. Shadbegian. Plant Vintage, Technology and Environment Regulation[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2003,46(3):384-402.
[29]Hamamoto, M. Environmental Regulation and the Productivity of Japanese Manufacturing Industries[J]. Resource and Energy Economics, 2006,28(4):299-312.
[30]Keller, W., and A. Levinson. Pollution Abatement Costs and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to U.S.[J].Review of Economics and Statistics, 2002,84(4):691-703.
[31]Konisky, D. Regulatory Competition and Environmental Enforcement:Is There a Race to the Bottom[J].American Journal of Political Science, 2007,51(4):853-872.
[32]Lanjouw, J. O., and A. Mody. Innovation and the International Diffusion of Environmentally Responsive Technology[J]. Research Policy, 1996,25(4):549-571.
[33]List, J. A., W. W. McHone, and D. L. Millimet. Effects of Air Quality Regulation on the Destination Choice of Relocating Plants[J]. Oxford Economic Papers, 2003,55(4):657-678.
[34]Popp, D., R. G. Newell, and A. B. Jaffe. Energy, the Environment and Technological Change[R]. NBER Working Paper, 2009.
[35]Popp. D. International Innovation and Diffusion of Air Pollution Control Technologies:The Effects of NOx and SO2 Regulation in the US, Japanand Germany[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2006,51(1):46-71.
[36]Porter, M. E., and C. van der Linde. Toward a New Conception of the Environment Competitiveness Relationship[J]. Journal of Economics Perspectives, 1995,9(4):97-118.
[37]Wu, H., H. Guo, B. Zhang, and M. Bu. Westward Movement of New Polluting Firms in China:Pollution Reduction Mandates and Location Choice[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2017,45(1):119-138.
(1)经济距离权重矩阵W2和研发能力距离权重矩阵W3的具体构建方法请见《中国工业经济》网站(http://www.ciejournal.org)公开附件。
(1)变量描述性说明见《中国工业经济》网站(http://www.ciejournal.org)公开附件。
(1)参考沈坤荣等(2017)的思路,将国务院2006年公布的《第一次全国污染源普查方案》中明确规定的11个重污染行业作为污染密集型产业。
[2]陈诗一,陈登科.雾霾污染、政府治理与经济高质量发展[J].经济研究, 2018,(2):20-34.
[3]董直庆,蔡啸,王林辉.技术进步方向、城市用地规模和环境质量[J].经济研究, 2014,(10):111-123.
[4]董直庆,焦翠红,王芳玲.环境规制陷阱与技术进步方向转变效应检验[J].上海财经大学学报, 2015,(3):69-78.
[5]康恒元,刘玉莲,李涛.黑龙江省重点城市AQI指数特征及其与气象要素之关系[J].自然资源学报, 2017,(4):692-703.
[6]李斌,彭星,陈柱华.环境规制、FDI与中国治污技术创新——基于省际动态面板数据的分析[J].财经研究, 2011,(10):92-102.
[7]李斌,彭星,欧阳铭珂.环境规制、绿色全要素生产率与中国工业发展方式转变[J].中国工业经济, 2013,(4):56-68.
[8]李婧,谭清美,白俊红.中国区域创新生产的空间计量分析——基于静态与动态空间面板模型的实证研究[J].管理世界, 2010,(7):43-56.
[9]李胜兰,初善冰,申晨.地方政府竞争、环境规制与区域生态效率[J].世界经济, 2014,(4):88-110.
[10]林伯强,邹楚沅.发展阶段变迁与中国环境政策选择[J].中国社会科学, 2014,(5):81-95.
[11]陆铭,冯皓.集聚与减排:城市规模差距影响工业污染强度的经验研究[J].世界经济, 2014,(7):86-114.
[12]沈坤荣,金刚,方娴.环境规制引起了污染就近转移吗[J].经济研究, 2017,(5):44-59.
[13]沈能.环境效率、行业异质性与最优规制强度——中国工业行业面板数据的非线性检验[J].中国工业经济,2012,(3):56-68.
[14]王敏,黄滢.中国的环境污染与经济增长[J].经济学(季刊), 2015,(2):557-578.
[15]杨振兵,邵帅,杨莉莉.中国绿色工业变革的最优路径选择——基于技术进步要素偏向视角的经验考察[J].经济学动态, 2016,(1):76-89.
[16]叶琴,曾刚,戴劭勍,王丰龙.不同环境规制工具对中国节能减排技术创新的影响——基于285个地级市面板数据[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2018,(2):115-122.
[17]易信,刘凤良.金融发展、技术创新与产业结构转型——多部门内生增长理论分析框架[J].管理世界, 2015,(10):24-39.
[18]张成,陆旸,郭路,于同申.环境规制强度和生产技术进步[J].经济研究, 2011,(2):113-124.
[19]周景坤.从城市发展水平与年均降雨量的关系探究我国雾霾污染问题研究——基于2013年73个主要城市截面数据的分析[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2017,(8):94-100.
[20]朱平芳,张征宇,姜国麟. FDI与环境规制:基于地方分权视角的实证研究[J].经济研究, 2011,(6):133-145.
[21]Acemoglu, D., P. Aghion, L. Bursztyn, and D. Hemous. The Environment and Directed Technical Change[J].American Economic Review, 2012,102(1):131-166.
[22]Aghion, P., A. Dechezle pretre, D. Hemous, and R. Martin. CarbonTaxes, Path Dependency and Directed Technical Change:Evidence from the Auto Industry[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 2016,124(1):1-51.
[23]Andreoni, J., and A. Levinson. The Simple Analytics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve[J]. Journal of Public Economics, 2001,80(2):269-286.
[24]Barro, R. J., and X. Sala-i-Martin. Technological Diffusion, Convergence, and Growth[J]. Journal of Economic Growth, 1997,2(1):1-25.
[25]Brock, W., and M. Taylor. The Green Solow Model[J]. Journal of Economic Growth, 2010,15(2):127-153.
[26]Conrad, K., and D. Wastl. The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Productivity in German Industries[J].Empirical Economics, 1995,20(4):615-633.
[27]Dechezleprêtre, A., M. Glachant, I. Hascic, N. Johnstone, and Y. Ménière. Invention and Transfer of Climate Change-Mitigation Technologies:A Global Analysis[J]. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy,2011,5(1):109-130.
[28]Gray, W. B., and R. J. Shadbegian. Plant Vintage, Technology and Environment Regulation[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2003,46(3):384-402.
[29]Hamamoto, M. Environmental Regulation and the Productivity of Japanese Manufacturing Industries[J]. Resource and Energy Economics, 2006,28(4):299-312.
[30]Keller, W., and A. Levinson. Pollution Abatement Costs and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to U.S.[J].Review of Economics and Statistics, 2002,84(4):691-703.
[31]Konisky, D. Regulatory Competition and Environmental Enforcement:Is There a Race to the Bottom[J].American Journal of Political Science, 2007,51(4):853-872.
[32]Lanjouw, J. O., and A. Mody. Innovation and the International Diffusion of Environmentally Responsive Technology[J]. Research Policy, 1996,25(4):549-571.
[33]List, J. A., W. W. McHone, and D. L. Millimet. Effects of Air Quality Regulation on the Destination Choice of Relocating Plants[J]. Oxford Economic Papers, 2003,55(4):657-678.
[34]Popp, D., R. G. Newell, and A. B. Jaffe. Energy, the Environment and Technological Change[R]. NBER Working Paper, 2009.
[35]Popp. D. International Innovation and Diffusion of Air Pollution Control Technologies:The Effects of NOx and SO2 Regulation in the US, Japanand Germany[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2006,51(1):46-71.
[36]Porter, M. E., and C. van der Linde. Toward a New Conception of the Environment Competitiveness Relationship[J]. Journal of Economics Perspectives, 1995,9(4):97-118.
[37]Wu, H., H. Guo, B. Zhang, and M. Bu. Westward Movement of New Polluting Firms in China:Pollution Reduction Mandates and Location Choice[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2017,45(1):119-138.
(1)经济距离权重矩阵W2和研发能力距离权重矩阵W3的具体构建方法请见《中国工业经济》网站(http://www.ciejournal.org)公开附件。
(1)变量描述性说明见《中国工业经济》网站(http://www.ciejournal.org)公开附件。
(1)参考沈坤荣等(2017)的思路,将国务院2006年公布的《第一次全国污染源普查方案》中明确规定的11个重污染行业作为污染密集型产业。