并联型软岩温度-渗流-应力耦合三轴流变仪的研制
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摘要
为研究温度-渗流-应力耦合条件下软岩的长期力学特性,研制了并联型软岩温度-渗流-应力(THM)耦合三轴流变仪。该仪器适用于开展软岩在不同温度和应力条件下的力学特性的试验研究。仪器通过伺服控制实现试验过程中自动稳压、试验数据自动采集以及温度、水压力和应力独立控制的梯度加载,设备采用高精度的LVDT变形传感器对试样的变形进行精确测量。设备可以完成的试验包括单轴压缩试验、三轴压缩试验、三轴流变试验、循环加卸载试验以及稳态与瞬态条件下的渗透性测试。试验机由于其独特的设置可以同时对2个试样进行相同围压和水压,不同轴压和温度的试验,大大节约了试验的时间成本,尤其是长期力学性能试验,同时更为有效地减少试验的系统误差。近一年的试验,表明该试验机稳定性好,测量精度高,是一套功能齐全,使用方便的试验装置。
In order to study the long-term THM coupled behaviour of soft rock, a parallel-linkage triaxial testing machine for THM coupling in soft rock is developed. This machine is particularly applicable to study the mechanical properties of soft rock under different temperatures and various stress conditions. Using the technology of servo-control, this machine can automatically stabilize voltage and record experimental data. It can also achieve temperature gradient loading, pore pressure gradient loading and independent stress gradient loading. Furthermore, high-precision LVDT sensor is also implemented to measure the deformation. This machine can complete these tests including uniaxial compression test, triaxial compression test, triaxial rheological test, cyclic loading and unloading test, penetration test under steady state and transient conditions. It can simultaneously implement the mechanical tests of two samples with the same confining pressure, the same pore water pressure, different axial pressures and different temperatures, thanks to the unique design of this machine. It can save time because of this feature, especially for the long-term mechanical test. In addition, it can also reduce the system errors. The results of these tests during last year show that this machine is a convenient machine with complete functions, good stability and high precision.
In order to study the long-term THM coupled behaviour of soft rock, a parallel-linkage triaxial testing machine for THM coupling in soft rock is developed. This machine is particularly applicable to study the mechanical properties of soft rock under different temperatures and various stress conditions. Using the technology of servo-control, this machine can automatically stabilize voltage and record experimental data. It can also achieve temperature gradient loading, pore pressure gradient loading and independent stress gradient loading. Furthermore, high-precision LVDT sensor is also implemented to measure the deformation. This machine can complete these tests including uniaxial compression test, triaxial compression test, triaxial rheological test, cyclic loading and unloading test, penetration test under steady state and transient conditions. It can simultaneously implement the mechanical tests of two samples with the same confining pressure, the same pore water pressure, different axial pressures and different temperatures, thanks to the unique design of this machine. It can save time because of this feature, especially for the long-term mechanical test. In addition, it can also reduce the system errors. The results of these tests during last year show that this machine is a convenient machine with complete functions, good stability and high precision.
引文
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[11]陈卫忠.双联动软岩渗流-应力耦合流变仪的研制[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2176-2183.CHEN Wei-zhong.Development of a double linkage triaxial testing machine for hydro-mechanical coupling in soft rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2176-2183.
[12]U.S.Congress,Office of Technology Assessment.Managing the nation’s commercial high-level radioactive waste[R].Washington D C:US Government Printing Office,1985.
[13]马永尚.泥岩各向异性热-水-力耦合特性--基于ATLAS III现场加热试验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):426-444.MA Yong-shang.Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical anisotropy characteristics of clay--based on the ATLAS III in situ heating test[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):426-444.
[14]陈卫忠.黏土岩温度-渗流-应力耦合特性试验与本构模型研究进展[J].岩土力学,2015,36(5):1218-1238.CHEN Wei-zhong.Review of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled tests and constitutive models of clays[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(5):1218-1238.
[15]龚哲.Boom Clay温度-渗流-应力耦合长期力学特性研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2015.GONG Zhe.Long-term thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled behaviour of Belgium Boom clay[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015.
[16]于洪丹.Boom Clay渗流-应力耦合长期力学特性研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2010.YU Hong-dan.Hydro-mechanical coupled creep behavior of Boom clay[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.
[17]MA Y S,CHEN W Z,YU H D,et al.Variation of the hydraulic conductivity of boom clay under various thermal-hydro-mechanical conditions[J].Engineering Geology,2016(212):35-43.
[2]金鑫.陶恩隧道掘进中的一些经验[J].隧道译丛,1976(2):50-54.JIN Xin.Some experiences in the tunneling of the Tauern tunnel[J].Tunnel Translation,1976(2):50-54.
[3]朱明其.通过位移量测预测工作面坍塌的尝试--东北新干线岩手隧道女鹿工区[J].现代隧道技术,1997(2):52-57.ZHU Ming-qi.An attempt to predict the collapse of the working face by displacement measurement--the Northeast Shinkansen Iwate Tunnel deer work area[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,1997(2):52-57.
[4]陈唯一.乌鞘岭隧道千枚岩地层初期支护参数研究[J].铁道工程学报,2006(3):37-39.CHEN Wei-yi.Study on initial support parameters of phyllite strata in Wushaoling tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2006(3):37-39.
[5]YU H D,CHEN W Z,JIA S P.Experimental study on the hydro-mechanical behavior of Boom clay[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2012,53(5):159-165.
[6]高延法.RRTS-II型岩石流变扰动效应试验仪[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):238-243.GAO Yan-fa.RRTS-II testing machine for rock rheological perturbation effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):238-243.
[7]牛学超.岩石三轴试验机的现状及发展趋势[J].岩土力学,2013,34(2):600-607.NIU Xue-chao.Current situation and development trends of rock triaxial testing machines[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(2):600-607.
[8]郝庆泽.试验领域的进一步扩展[J].试验技术与试验机,1992,32(3):6-7.HAO Qing-ze.Further expansion of the field of testing[J].Test Technology and Testing Machine,1992,32(3):6-7.
[9]赵仁义.岩石蠕变试验仪器的研制[J].试验技术与试验机,1992,32(3):11-14.ZHAO Ren-yi.Development of rock creep test equipment[J].Test Technology and Testing Machine,1992,32(3):11-14.
[10]邬爱清.高围压岩石三轴流变试验仪研制[J].长江科学院院报,2006,23(4):28-31.WU Ai-qing.Development of triaxial rheological tester for high confining pressure rock[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2006,23(4):28-31.
[11]陈卫忠.双联动软岩渗流-应力耦合流变仪的研制[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2176-2183.CHEN Wei-zhong.Development of a double linkage triaxial testing machine for hydro-mechanical coupling in soft rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2176-2183.
[12]U.S.Congress,Office of Technology Assessment.Managing the nation’s commercial high-level radioactive waste[R].Washington D C:US Government Printing Office,1985.
[13]马永尚.泥岩各向异性热-水-力耦合特性--基于ATLAS III现场加热试验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):426-444.MA Yong-shang.Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical anisotropy characteristics of clay--based on the ATLAS III in situ heating test[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):426-444.
[14]陈卫忠.黏土岩温度-渗流-应力耦合特性试验与本构模型研究进展[J].岩土力学,2015,36(5):1218-1238.CHEN Wei-zhong.Review of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled tests and constitutive models of clays[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(5):1218-1238.
[15]龚哲.Boom Clay温度-渗流-应力耦合长期力学特性研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2015.GONG Zhe.Long-term thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled behaviour of Belgium Boom clay[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015.
[16]于洪丹.Boom Clay渗流-应力耦合长期力学特性研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2010.YU Hong-dan.Hydro-mechanical coupled creep behavior of Boom clay[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.
[17]MA Y S,CHEN W Z,YU H D,et al.Variation of the hydraulic conductivity of boom clay under various thermal-hydro-mechanical conditions[J].Engineering Geology,2016(212):35-43.