超声辅助电阻钎焊中爆破现象的形成与消除（英文）
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摘要
使用两步超声波钎焊方法及其相关装置,采用Al-Si-Mg钎料对6063铝合金进行超声辅助电阻钎焊。研究爆破现象以及超声波的方向、时间和焊接接头几何形状对爆破现象的影响。结果表明:在高电流密度、高热量和相互作用力的共同作用下,液态钎料发生了爆破现象。超声波的方向和时间以及焊缝几何形状对爆破现象有显著影响。当超声波时间不小于6s时,可以去除母材表面的氧化膜,消除爆破现象。提出描述爆破形成和消除的模型,且通过改变超声时间和焊接接头几何形状来控制爆破现象。
A two-step ultrasonic-assisted brazing method and its associated apparatus were developed to make 6063 aluminum alloys joints with Al-Si-Mg filler metal. The burst phenomenon and the effect of ultrasonic direction and time, as well as the welding joint geometry on the burst phenomenon were investigated. The results show that the burst phenomenon occurs in the liquid filler metal under the effects of high current density, heat, and interaction force. The burst phenomenon is eliminated when the oxide film on the edge of the cross-section of the two parent metals is removed with more than or equal to 6 s ultrasonic time. A model of formation and elimination for burst was proposed, through which the blasting phenomenon can be controlled by changing the ultrasonic time and the geometrical shape of the welded joint.
A two-step ultrasonic-assisted brazing method and its associated apparatus were developed to make 6063 aluminum alloys joints with Al-Si-Mg filler metal. The burst phenomenon and the effect of ultrasonic direction and time, as well as the welding joint geometry on the burst phenomenon were investigated. The results show that the burst phenomenon occurs in the liquid filler metal under the effects of high current density, heat, and interaction force. The burst phenomenon is eliminated when the oxide film on the edge of the cross-section of the two parent metals is removed with more than or equal to 6 s ultrasonic time. A model of formation and elimination for burst was proposed, through which the blasting phenomenon can be controlled by changing the ultrasonic time and the geometrical shape of the welded joint.
引文
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[22]NIU Zhi-wei,HUANG Ji-hua,CHEN Shu-hai,ZHAO Xing-ke.Effects of germanium additions on microstructures and properties of Al-Si filler metals for brazing aluminium[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(3):775-782.
[23]JI Chun-tao.Welding manual:Welding methods and equipment[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2007:407-425.(in Chinese)
[24]SHIMOJI M.Liquid metals[M].GUO J,ed.Beijing:Academic Press,1987:313-324.(in Chinese)
[25]PORTER D,EASTERLING K,SHERIF M.Phase transformation in metals and alloys[M].CHEN L,YU Y,ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011:84-86.(in Chinese)
[2]TAKESHITA K,TANAKA H.Microjoining of stainless steel using two-step resistance brazing method[J].Quarterly Journal of the Japan Welding Society,2007,25(1):45-50.
[3]XUE Song-bai,LV Xiao-chun,ZHANG Hui-wen.Resistance brazing technology of TiNi shape memory alloy[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2004,25(1):1-4.(in Chinese)
[4]TANAKA Y,YAMAGUCHI T,TAKESHITA K.Numerical simulation of joining during the two-step resistance brazing[J].Welding International,2013,27(11):857-866.
[5]WIELAGE B,HOYER I,WEIS S.Combined ultrasonic resistance brazing of aluminium[J].Materials Science and Materials Engineering,2010,41(9):802-806.
[6]WEIS S,WIELAGE B,SEEHOFER C.Ultrasound-assisted resistance soldering of aluminium matrix composites[J].Materials Science and Materials Engineering,2012,43(7):656-660.
[7]LAMPKE T,WIELAGE B,HOYER I,KüMMEL S,PISCHTCHANM.Ultrasound-assisted resistance brazing of magnesium and aluminium alloys using melt-spin solder foils[C]//Proceedings of the5th International Brazing and Soldering Conference.Las Vegas,U.S.:ASM International,2012:389-393.
[8]FLOREA R,BAMMANN D,YELDELL A,SOLANKI K,HAMMIY.Welding parameters influence on fatigue life and microstructure in resistance spot welding of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy[J].Materials&Design,2013,45:456-465.
[9]ZHENG Zhen-tai,SHAN Ping,HU Sheng-sun,LUO Zhen.Resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy with great resistance medium[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2006,27(7):5-8.(in Chinese)
[10]GUO Wei-bing,LUAN Tian-min,LENG Xue-song,HE Jing-shan,YAN Jiu-chun.Interfacial microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Al/Sn joints by ultrasonic-assisted soldering[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(4):962-970.
[11]ATAMANENKO T,ESKIN D,ZHANG L,KATGERMAN L.Criteria of grain refinement induced by ultrasonic melt treatment of aluminum alloys containing Zr and Ti[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2010,41(8):2056-2066.
[12]PATEL B,CHAUDHARI G,BHINGOLE P.Microstructural evolution in ultrasonicated AS41 magnesium alloy[J].Materials Letters,2012,66(1):335-338.
[13]CHINNAM R,FAUTEUX C,NEUENSCHWANDER J,JANCZAK-RUSCH J.Evolution of the microstructure of Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints exposed to ultrasonic waves during solidification[J].Acta Materialia,2011,59(4):1474-1481.
[14]XIAO Yong,JI Hong-jun,LI Ming-yu,KIM J,KIM H.Microstructure and joint properties of ultrasonically brazed Al alloy joints using a Zn-Al hypereutectic filler metal[J].Materials&Design,2013,47(9):717-724.
[15]LI Yuan-xing,ZHAO Wei-wei,LENG Xue-song,FU Qiu-jiao,WANG Lei,YAN Jiu-chun.Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of ultrasonic-assisted soldering joints of 2024 aluminum alloys[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(9):1937-1943.
[16]BELOVA V,SHCHUKIN D G,GORIN D A,KOPYSHEV A,M?HWALD H.A new approach to nucleation of cavitation bubbles at chemically modified surfaces[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2011,13(17):8015-8023.
[17]SKORB E V,SHCHUKIN D G,M?HWALD H,ANDREEVA D.Ultrasound-driven design of metal surface nanofoams[J].Nanoscale,2010,2(5):722-727.
[18]DULAR M,DELGOSHA O,PETKOV?EK M.Observations of cavitation erosion pit formation[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2013,20(4):1113-1120.
[19]LENG Xue-song,WANG Chang-wen,ZHANG Yang,CHENXiao-guang,YAN Jiu-chun.Strengthening mechanism of ceramic particle reinforced bonds by ultrasonic brazing of Al MMCs[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(s2):s290-s294.
[20]MA Zhi-peng,ZHAO Wei-wei,YAN Jiu-chun,LI Da-cheng.Interfacial reaction of intermetallic compounds of ultrasonic-assisted brazed joints between dissimilar alloys of Ti4V and Al1Mg[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2011,18(5):1062-1067.
[21]CUI Y,XU C,HAN Q.Effect of ultrasonic vibration on unmixed zone formation[J].Scripta Materialia,2006,55(11):975-978.
[22]NIU Zhi-wei,HUANG Ji-hua,CHEN Shu-hai,ZHAO Xing-ke.Effects of germanium additions on microstructures and properties of Al-Si filler metals for brazing aluminium[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(3):775-782.
[23]JI Chun-tao.Welding manual:Welding methods and equipment[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2007:407-425.(in Chinese)
[24]SHIMOJI M.Liquid metals[M].GUO J,ed.Beijing:Academic Press,1987:313-324.(in Chinese)
[25]PORTER D,EASTERLING K,SHERIF M.Phase transformation in metals and alloys[M].CHEN L,YU Y,ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011:84-86.(in Chinese)