初烤烟叶主脉化学成分的变化趋势
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摘要
【目的】研究初烤烟叶主脉化学成分的变化趋势,为烟梗的差异化加工和分类使用提供参考依据。【方法】将每片初烤烟叶中的烟梗主脉完全剥离出来,并从梗基到梗尖平均分成6段(TS1～TS6),分别测定每段烟梗常规化学成分、非挥发性有机酸、纤维素、木质素和果胶质的量。利用单因素方差分析和回归分析研究不同位置烟梗上述几类化学成分的差异性和变化趋势,并基于上述几类化学指标对不同位置的烟梗样品进行系统聚类分析。【结果】(1)对于烟叶主脉不同位置的烟梗,各单项化学成分的量总体均存在显著性差异和规律性变化趋势;(2)从梗基到梗尖,总糖的量呈线性下降趋势,还原糖、钾离子、纤维素的量呈先升高后降低的抛物线形变化趋势,总氮、总植物碱、木质素的量呈先降低后升高的抛物线形变化趋势,氯离子的量呈逐渐降低的抛物线形变化趋势,非挥发性有机酸的总量呈逐渐升高的抛物线形变化趋势,果胶质的量呈线性升高趋势;(3)三类化学指标的聚类结果显示:6个不同位置的烟梗样品可聚为三类,分别为TS1～TS3、TS4～TS5、TS6。【结论】不同位置烟梗化学成分的变化趋势及聚类结果为烟梗的差异化加工和分类使用提供了参考依据。
[Purpose]In order to provide a reference for tobacco stem differentiation processing and classification, investigate the trend of chemical components of main vein in procured tobacco.[Method]Each main stem of tobacco leaf vein was stripped completely and divided into six segments on average from base to tip of tobacco stem(TS1-TS6). The routine chemical components,non-volatile organic acids, cellulose, lignin and pectin of each segment tobacco stem were determined.One-way ANOVA and regression analysis were used to analyze the difference and variation trend of above chemical components in different stem segments. Systematic cluster analysis was carried out based on three kind chemical indexes mentioned above. [Results](1) There was a significant difference and regular trend in the content of each chemical compound in different stem segments.(2) From the base to tip of tobacco stem, the content of total sugar decreased significantly. The content of reducing sugar, potassium ion and cellulose increased first and then decreased. The content of total nitrogen, nicotine and lignin decreased first and then increased. The content of chloride ion presented a decrease trend gradually with a parabolic type. The total content of non-volatile organic acids presented an increase trend gradually with a parabolic type. The content of pectin increased linearly.(3) According to the results of the cluster analysis based on the above three kinds chemical indexes and tobacco stem samples in six different segments were clustered into three categories(TS1-TS3, TS4-TS5, TS6). [Conclusion]The trend of chemical components and clustering results in different tobacco stem segments provided a reference for differentiation processing and classification of tobacco stem.
[Purpose]In order to provide a reference for tobacco stem differentiation processing and classification, investigate the trend of chemical components of main vein in procured tobacco.[Method]Each main stem of tobacco leaf vein was stripped completely and divided into six segments on average from base to tip of tobacco stem(TS1-TS6). The routine chemical components,non-volatile organic acids, cellulose, lignin and pectin of each segment tobacco stem were determined.One-way ANOVA and regression analysis were used to analyze the difference and variation trend of above chemical components in different stem segments. Systematic cluster analysis was carried out based on three kind chemical indexes mentioned above. [Results](1) There was a significant difference and regular trend in the content of each chemical compound in different stem segments.(2) From the base to tip of tobacco stem, the content of total sugar decreased significantly. The content of reducing sugar, potassium ion and cellulose increased first and then decreased. The content of total nitrogen, nicotine and lignin decreased first and then increased. The content of chloride ion presented a decrease trend gradually with a parabolic type. The total content of non-volatile organic acids presented an increase trend gradually with a parabolic type. The content of pectin increased linearly.(3) According to the results of the cluster analysis based on the above three kinds chemical indexes and tobacco stem samples in six different segments were clustered into three categories(TS1-TS3, TS4-TS5, TS6). [Conclusion]The trend of chemical components and clustering results in different tobacco stem segments provided a reference for differentiation processing and classification of tobacco stem.
引文
[1]孙建锋.烤烟叶片不同区位生理特性及理化指标的比较研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2006.
[2]户艳霞,周志刚,杨艾勇,等.烤烟叶片总多酚积累的位置差异分析[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2009,24(6):825.DOI:10.969/j.issn.1004-390X.2009.06.009.
[3]张苧元,周冀衡,樊再斗,等.烤烟叶片脉络系统化学成分含量的比较[J].烟草科技,2009,42(8):46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0861.2009.08.014.
[4]符再德,张其龙,张晖,等.张家界桑植浓香型烤烟烟叶分切研究[J].烟草科技,2012,45(5):51.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0861.2012.05.013.
[5]龙明海,资文华,华一崑,等.主成分分析结合Fisher最优分割法在烟叶分切中的应用[J].烟草科技,2016,49(8):83.DOI:10.16135/j.issn1002-0861.2015.0583.
[6]刘继辉,汪显国,刘静,等.烟叶主脉不同位置烟梗挥发性香味物质的变化[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(6):11.DOI:10.16472/j.chinatobacco.2017.181.
[7]杜文,谭新良,易建华,等.用烟叶化学成分进行烟叶质量评价[J].中国烟草学报,2007,13(3):25.
[8]孙建锋,刘霞,李伟,等.不同生态条件下烤烟化学成分的相似性研究[J].中国烟草科学,2006,27(3):22.
[9]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[10]谢剑平.烟草与烟气化学成分[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[11]SCHLOTZHAUER W S,MARTIN R M,SNOOK M E,et al.Pyrolytic studies on the contribution of tobacco leaf constituents to the formation of smoke catechols[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1982,30(2):372.DOI:10.1021/jf00110a041.
[12]于建军,马海燕,杨寒文,等.利用果胶酶降解烟叶中果胶的研究[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(3):136.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8581.2009.03.044.
[13]YC/T 159-2002.烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法[S].
[14]YC/T 161-2002.烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法[S].
[15]YC/T 160-2002.烟草及烟草制品总植物碱的测定连续流动法[S].
[16]YC/T 217-2007.烟草及烟草制品钾的测定连续流动法[S].
[17]YC/T 162-2011.烟草及烟草制品氯的测定连续流动法[S].
[18]刘春奎,贾琳,毋丽丽,等.河南主产烟区烤烟非挥发性有机酸含量[J].烟草科技,2014,47(8):63.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0861.2014.08.015.
[19]YC/T 347-2010.烟草及烟草制品中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸洗木质素的测定洗涤剂法[S].
[20]白晓莉,侯英,张朗,等.基于响应面分析法对烟叶中果胶测定方法的优化[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(5):85.DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.05.016.
[21]汤银才.R语言与统计分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[22]颜克亮,武怡,曾晓鹰,等.“三段式”分切烟叶醇化品质差异性比较与分析[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(4):23.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5119.2011.04.006.
[2]户艳霞,周志刚,杨艾勇,等.烤烟叶片总多酚积累的位置差异分析[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2009,24(6):825.DOI:10.969/j.issn.1004-390X.2009.06.009.
[3]张苧元,周冀衡,樊再斗,等.烤烟叶片脉络系统化学成分含量的比较[J].烟草科技,2009,42(8):46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0861.2009.08.014.
[4]符再德,张其龙,张晖,等.张家界桑植浓香型烤烟烟叶分切研究[J].烟草科技,2012,45(5):51.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0861.2012.05.013.
[5]龙明海,资文华,华一崑,等.主成分分析结合Fisher最优分割法在烟叶分切中的应用[J].烟草科技,2016,49(8):83.DOI:10.16135/j.issn1002-0861.2015.0583.
[6]刘继辉,汪显国,刘静,等.烟叶主脉不同位置烟梗挥发性香味物质的变化[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(6):11.DOI:10.16472/j.chinatobacco.2017.181.
[7]杜文,谭新良,易建华,等.用烟叶化学成分进行烟叶质量评价[J].中国烟草学报,2007,13(3):25.
[8]孙建锋,刘霞,李伟,等.不同生态条件下烤烟化学成分的相似性研究[J].中国烟草科学,2006,27(3):22.
[9]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[10]谢剑平.烟草与烟气化学成分[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[11]SCHLOTZHAUER W S,MARTIN R M,SNOOK M E,et al.Pyrolytic studies on the contribution of tobacco leaf constituents to the formation of smoke catechols[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1982,30(2):372.DOI:10.1021/jf00110a041.
[12]于建军,马海燕,杨寒文,等.利用果胶酶降解烟叶中果胶的研究[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(3):136.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8581.2009.03.044.
[13]YC/T 159-2002.烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法[S].
[14]YC/T 161-2002.烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法[S].
[15]YC/T 160-2002.烟草及烟草制品总植物碱的测定连续流动法[S].
[16]YC/T 217-2007.烟草及烟草制品钾的测定连续流动法[S].
[17]YC/T 162-2011.烟草及烟草制品氯的测定连续流动法[S].
[18]刘春奎,贾琳,毋丽丽,等.河南主产烟区烤烟非挥发性有机酸含量[J].烟草科技,2014,47(8):63.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0861.2014.08.015.
[19]YC/T 347-2010.烟草及烟草制品中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸洗木质素的测定洗涤剂法[S].
[20]白晓莉,侯英,张朗,等.基于响应面分析法对烟叶中果胶测定方法的优化[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(5):85.DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.05.016.
[21]汤银才.R语言与统计分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[22]颜克亮,武怡,曾晓鹰,等.“三段式”分切烟叶醇化品质差异性比较与分析[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(4):23.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5119.2011.04.006.