湿陷性黄土与地铁地下结构相互作用机理研究
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摘要
为研究湿陷性黄土与地铁地下结构相互作用机理,文章基于黄土地区地铁工程经验,通过理论分析探讨了地铁工程地基承载力工作原理、黄土地层中地下结构的土压力作用原理等,指出了地铁结构作为地下中空构筑物与一般工业与民用基础的区别;通过实例计算研究了地铁结构基底压力、黄土湿陷引起的结构侧向土压力及顶部土压力变化规律。研究结果表明:1)地铁地下结构工作原理不适用于地基土体侧向滑移并被挤出的传统与经典地基承载力理论,它产生的基底压力小于原基底土的自重压力,类似于地基与基础设计中有利的补偿性基础;2)黄土饱和浸水湿陷瞬间,土的抗剪强度是饱和快剪指标,其侧压力系数趋近于1.0,设计时应予以考虑;3)黄土地层中如隧道洞身范围土体发生湿陷变形,隧道顶板所受的竖向土压力值较未发生湿陷变形时显著增大,设计时应予以考虑。
In order to study the interaction mechanism between collapsible loess and underground structure of the metro,the working principle of foundation bearing capacity of metro underground engineering and the principle of earth pressure acting on underground structure in loess stratum were discussed through theoretical analysis based on the experience of underground engineering in loess area.The differences between underground structure as underground hollow structure and general industrial and civil foundation were presented.The variations of base pressure,lateral earth pressure and top earth pressure caused by collapsibility of loess in underground structure of metro were studied through case calculations.The results show that:(1)the working principle of metro underground structure is not applicable to the traditional and classical theory of bearing capacity of foundation soil which is laterally slipping and extruded,and the base pressure generated is less than the self-weight pressure of original base soil and the base is similar to the favorable compensatory foundation in foundation and foundation design;(2)shear strength of loess is a saturated fast shear index at the moment of loess collapsing due to saturated water soaking,the lateral pressure coefficient approaches 1.0 which should be taken into account in design;(3)In loess stratum,if collapsible deformation of soil occurs within the scope of tunnel main body,the vertical earth pressure on tunnel roof increases significantly compared with that without collapsible deformation,which should be considered in design.
In order to study the interaction mechanism between collapsible loess and underground structure of the metro,the working principle of foundation bearing capacity of metro underground engineering and the principle of earth pressure acting on underground structure in loess stratum were discussed through theoretical analysis based on the experience of underground engineering in loess area.The differences between underground structure as underground hollow structure and general industrial and civil foundation were presented.The variations of base pressure,lateral earth pressure and top earth pressure caused by collapsibility of loess in underground structure of metro were studied through case calculations.The results show that:(1)the working principle of metro underground structure is not applicable to the traditional and classical theory of bearing capacity of foundation soil which is laterally slipping and extruded,and the base pressure generated is less than the self-weight pressure of original base soil and the base is similar to the favorable compensatory foundation in foundation and foundation design;(2)shear strength of loess is a saturated fast shear index at the moment of loess collapsing due to saturated water soaking,the lateral pressure coefficient approaches 1.0 which should be taken into account in design;(3)In loess stratum,if collapsible deformation of soil occurs within the scope of tunnel main body,the vertical earth pressure on tunnel roof increases significantly compared with that without collapsible deformation,which should be considered in design.
引文
[1]刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社, 1997.LIU Zudian. Loess Mechanics and Engineering[M]. Xi′an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, 1997.
[2]罗宇生,汪国烈.湿陷性黄土研究与工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001.LUO Yusheng, WANG Guolie. Research and Engineering of Collapsible Loess[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2001.
[3]关文章.湿陷性黄土工程性能新篇[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1992.GUAN Wenzhang. A New Chapter on the Performance of Collapsible Loess[M]. Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University Press, 1992.
[4]钱鸿缙,罗宇生,涂光祉,等.湿陷性黄土地基[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1985.QIAN Hongjin, LUO Yusheng, TU Guangzhi, et al. Collapsible Loess Foundation[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1985.
[5]中华人民共和国建设部.湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范:GB 50025-2004[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2004.Ministry of Construction of the People′s Republic of China. Code for Building Construction in Collapsible Loess Areas:GB 50025-2004[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2004.
[6]工程地质手册编写委员会.工程地质手册(第四版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.Engineering Geology Handbook Compilation Committee. Engineering Geology Handbook(Fourth Edition)[M]. Beijing:China Archi?tecture&Building Press, 2006.
[7]王立新,王俊,李储军.大厚度自重湿陷性黄土地层条件下复杂地铁隧道工程方案研究[J].现代隧道技术, 2015, 53(2):157-164.WANG Lixin, WANG Jun, LI Chujun. A Study of the Construction Scheme for Complex Metro Tunnels in Very Thick Self-weightCollapsible Loess[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2015, 53(2):157-164.
[8]孙兵.无振动挤密地基处理技术在湿陷性黄土隧道中的应用[J].铁道建筑, 2017,(3):70-72.SUN Bing. Application of Non-vibration Compaction Technology of Foundation Treatment in Collapsible Loess Tunnel[J]. RailwayEngineering, 2017,(3):70-72.
[9]车鑫.浅埋式桩板结构在宝兰客专湿陷性黄土短路基中的应用[J].铁路技术创新, 2017,(2):29-32.CHE Xin. Application of Shallow-buried Pile-slab Structure in Short Foundation of Baoji-Lanzhou Passenger Dedicated Line inCollapsible Loess[J]. Railway Technology Innovation, 2017,(2):29-32.
[10]王立新.湿陷性黄土地层与地铁结构相互作用机理及变形控制标准研究[D].西安:长安大学, 2016.WANG Lixin. Study on Interaction Mechanism and Deformation Control Standard of Collapsible Loess Layer and Metro Structure[D]. Xi′an:Chang′an University, 2016.
[11]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通结构安全保护技术规范:CJJ T 202-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People′s Republic of China. Technical Code for Protection Structures ofUrban Rail Transit:CJJ T 202-2013[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2013.
[12]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通工程监测技术规范:GB 50911-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People′s Republic of China. Technical Specifications for Urban RailTransit Engineering Monitoring:GB 50911-2013[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2013.
[13]刘保健,谢永利,程海涛.涵管的作用荷载与影响因素分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2009LIU Baojian, XIE Yongli, CHENG Haitao. Analysis of the Action Load and Influencing Factors of Culvert[M]. Beijing:TsinghuaUniversity Press, 2009.
[2]罗宇生,汪国烈.湿陷性黄土研究与工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001.LUO Yusheng, WANG Guolie. Research and Engineering of Collapsible Loess[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2001.
[3]关文章.湿陷性黄土工程性能新篇[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1992.GUAN Wenzhang. A New Chapter on the Performance of Collapsible Loess[M]. Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University Press, 1992.
[4]钱鸿缙,罗宇生,涂光祉,等.湿陷性黄土地基[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1985.QIAN Hongjin, LUO Yusheng, TU Guangzhi, et al. Collapsible Loess Foundation[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1985.
[5]中华人民共和国建设部.湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范:GB 50025-2004[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2004.Ministry of Construction of the People′s Republic of China. Code for Building Construction in Collapsible Loess Areas:GB 50025-2004[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2004.
[6]工程地质手册编写委员会.工程地质手册(第四版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.Engineering Geology Handbook Compilation Committee. Engineering Geology Handbook(Fourth Edition)[M]. Beijing:China Archi?tecture&Building Press, 2006.
[7]王立新,王俊,李储军.大厚度自重湿陷性黄土地层条件下复杂地铁隧道工程方案研究[J].现代隧道技术, 2015, 53(2):157-164.WANG Lixin, WANG Jun, LI Chujun. A Study of the Construction Scheme for Complex Metro Tunnels in Very Thick Self-weightCollapsible Loess[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2015, 53(2):157-164.
[8]孙兵.无振动挤密地基处理技术在湿陷性黄土隧道中的应用[J].铁道建筑, 2017,(3):70-72.SUN Bing. Application of Non-vibration Compaction Technology of Foundation Treatment in Collapsible Loess Tunnel[J]. RailwayEngineering, 2017,(3):70-72.
[9]车鑫.浅埋式桩板结构在宝兰客专湿陷性黄土短路基中的应用[J].铁路技术创新, 2017,(2):29-32.CHE Xin. Application of Shallow-buried Pile-slab Structure in Short Foundation of Baoji-Lanzhou Passenger Dedicated Line inCollapsible Loess[J]. Railway Technology Innovation, 2017,(2):29-32.
[10]王立新.湿陷性黄土地层与地铁结构相互作用机理及变形控制标准研究[D].西安:长安大学, 2016.WANG Lixin. Study on Interaction Mechanism and Deformation Control Standard of Collapsible Loess Layer and Metro Structure[D]. Xi′an:Chang′an University, 2016.
[11]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通结构安全保护技术规范:CJJ T 202-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People′s Republic of China. Technical Code for Protection Structures ofUrban Rail Transit:CJJ T 202-2013[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2013.
[12]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通工程监测技术规范:GB 50911-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People′s Republic of China. Technical Specifications for Urban RailTransit Engineering Monitoring:GB 50911-2013[S]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2013.
[13]刘保健,谢永利,程海涛.涵管的作用荷载与影响因素分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2009LIU Baojian, XIE Yongli, CHENG Haitao. Analysis of the Action Load and Influencing Factors of Culvert[M]. Beijing:TsinghuaUniversity Press, 2009.