生物炭基肥对豫中烤烟产质量的影响
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摘要
为探讨生物炭基肥对浓香型烤烟常规化学成分、中性致香物质及经济指标的影响,通过大田试验,研究了施用不同量生物炭基肥(0、0.9、1.5、2.1 t/hm~2)后烤烟产质量指标的变化。结果表明,添加生物炭基肥显著提高了烤烟中部叶和上部叶的总糖、还原糖含量,降低了总氮和烟碱含量,显著提高了中部叶的钾含量。2个部位烟叶的中性致香成分总量、新植二烯含量均随生物炭基肥用量的增加而增加,以施用量2.1 t/hm~2处理最高;上部叶除新植二烯外的香气物质含量以1.5 t/hm~2处理最高,中部叶则以2.1 t/hm~2处理最高。添加生物炭基肥提高了烟叶产量和产值,其中1.5 t/hm~2和2.1 t/hm~2用量处理间没有显著差异。可见,施用生物炭基肥改善了烤烟内在化学成分及其协调性,增加了香气物质含量,提高了经济效益。综合考虑烟叶产质量和肥料成本,豫中烟叶生产中适宜的生物炭基肥用量为1.5 t/hm~2。
To identify the effect of biochar fertilizer on neutral aroma constituent contents,yield,output value and quality of flue-cured tobacco and provide evidence for the tobacco improvement with biochar fertilizer input,a field experiment was conducted with biochar fertilizer addition at rates of 0,0.9,1.5,2.1 t/ha.The results showed that the biochar fertilizer significantly increased the amounts of total sugar(TS)and reducing sugar(RS),and decreased the amounts of total nitrogen(TN)and nicotine(Nic),and significantly increased the potassium content in the middle leaf compared to the control.Total neutral aroma constituent content and neophytadiene content increased with the increasing ratio of biochar fertilizer,which of the treatment with biochar fertilizer of 2.1 t/ha was the highest.The treatment with biochar fertilizer of 1.5 t/ha had the highest content of the neutral aroma constituents except for neophytadiene in the upper leaves,while the treatment with biochar fertilizer of 2.1 t/ha had the highest in the middle leaves.The application of biochar fertilizer increased the yield and output value of tobacco,and there was no significant difference between the treatments with biochar fertilizer of 1.5 t/ha and 2.1 t/ha.The results indicated that the application of biochar fertilizer had obvious improvement on the routine chemical components,economic characters and neutral aroma constituent contents.Considering the yield,quality of tobacco leaf and fertilizer cost,the appropriate rate of biochar fertilizer was 1.5 t/ha in tobacco production of central Henan.
To identify the effect of biochar fertilizer on neutral aroma constituent contents,yield,output value and quality of flue-cured tobacco and provide evidence for the tobacco improvement with biochar fertilizer input,a field experiment was conducted with biochar fertilizer addition at rates of 0,0.9,1.5,2.1 t/ha.The results showed that the biochar fertilizer significantly increased the amounts of total sugar(TS)and reducing sugar(RS),and decreased the amounts of total nitrogen(TN)and nicotine(Nic),and significantly increased the potassium content in the middle leaf compared to the control.Total neutral aroma constituent content and neophytadiene content increased with the increasing ratio of biochar fertilizer,which of the treatment with biochar fertilizer of 2.1 t/ha was the highest.The treatment with biochar fertilizer of 1.5 t/ha had the highest content of the neutral aroma constituents except for neophytadiene in the upper leaves,while the treatment with biochar fertilizer of 2.1 t/ha had the highest in the middle leaves.The application of biochar fertilizer increased the yield and output value of tobacco,and there was no significant difference between the treatments with biochar fertilizer of 1.5 t/ha and 2.1 t/ha.The results indicated that the application of biochar fertilizer had obvious improvement on the routine chemical components,economic characters and neutral aroma constituent contents.Considering the yield,quality of tobacco leaf and fertilizer cost,the appropriate rate of biochar fertilizer was 1.5 t/ha in tobacco production of central Henan.
引文
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[2] LAIRD D,FLEMING P,WANG B Q,et al.Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):436-442.
[3] 郭大勇,商东耀,王旭刚,等.改性生物炭对玉米生长发育、养分吸收和土壤理化性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):22-27.
[4] 宋亮,任天宝,李敏,等.不同生物炭用量对湘西植烟土壤养分的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):43-48.
[5] 刘宇娟,谢迎新,董成,等.秸秆生物炭对潮土区小麦产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(3):232-238.
[6] 张婷,佟忠勇,张广才,等.添加稻草生物炭对水稻土磷含量和形态的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(1):211-216.
[7] 李杰,吴荣,尚晶涛,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施对谷子光合色素和保护酶的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(3):383-386.
[8] 李大伟.生物质炭基肥对番茄和辣椒产量、品质和氮素农学利用率的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[9] 管恩娜,管志坤,杨波,等.生物质炭对植烟土壤质量及烤烟生长的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(2):36-41.
[10] 王粟,张楠,钟鹏,等.生物质炭基肥对玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(3):41-44.
[11] 陈琳,乔志刚,李恋卿,等.施用生物质炭基肥对水稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(5):671-675.
[12] 李晓.施用生物质炭及炭基肥对温室气体排放、玉米生长及土壤性质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.
[13] 李大伟,周加顺,潘根兴,等.生物质炭基肥施用对蔬菜产量和品质以及氮素农学利用率的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(3):433-440.
[14] 冀浩,李雪君,赵永振,等.浸提叶面分泌物对烤烟品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(2):13-17.
[15] 张军.高碳基土壤修复肥对植烟土壤理化性状及烤烟品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.
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[17] 周小红.高碳基土壤修复肥对江西烤烟内在品质及产量的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.
[18] 唐远驹.烟叶风格特色的定位[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(3):1-5.
[19] 宫长荣.烟叶烘烤原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[20] 孙福山.烤烟调制过程中香气成分的研究及其应用技术探讨[J].中国烟草科学,1997,18(2):41-43.
[21] 史宏志,刘国顺.烟草香味学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[22] 武雪萍,钟秀明,秦艳青,等.不同种类饼肥与化肥配施对烟叶香气质量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(6):1196-1201.
[23] 王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[24] 李伟,陈江华,詹军,等.烤烟香型间致香物质组成比例及其差异分析[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(2):1-6.
[25] 于建军,李琳,任晓红,等.晒红烟陈化过程中中性致香物质含量的变化[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2006,21(2):29-32.
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[28] 杨超.皖南烤烟质量特色与土壤生态关系研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[29] 刘中威.浓香型特色烤烟品种筛选与品种间香气物质差异研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.
[30] 林桂华,杨斌,上官克攀,等.施用有机肥对龙岩特色烟叶香气质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2003,24(3):9-10.
[31] 杨园园,杨军杰,史宏志,等.浓香型产区不同移栽期气候配置及对烟叶质量特色的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(2):40-52.
[32] 李寒雪,王林,徐坚强,等.重庆烟区植烟土壤理化性状对烤烟苯丙氨酸类代谢产物的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(10):1946-1952.