摘要
目的了解我国鼠类种群构成和分布、季节消长变化趋势、不同生境鼠密度情况,为鼠类预防和控制方案的制定提供科学依据。方法收集整理2016年我国病媒生物监测国家监测点鼠类监测数据,统计分析不同种类、不同生境、不同省份鼠密度以及季节消长变化特征。结果 2016年全国鼠类监测显示,褐家鼠密度最高,达0.30只/100夹,其次是小家鼠,为0.09只/100夹;鼠类总密度波动起伏不大;在3种不同生境中,农村自然村各鼠种密度明显高于其他生境,居民区鼠密度最低;各省份中以新疆维吾尔自治区鼠密度最高,达1.68只/100夹,其次是广东省;我国全年鼠类总密度呈不明显的单峰分布,在3-10月密度较高,优势鼠种褐家鼠在3月密度较低,而其他月份明显高于其他鼠种,黄毛鼠全年处于较低水平;不同月份各鼠种季节消长变化不尽相同。结论 2016年全国监测点鼠类总密度波动不大,不同种类、不同月份鼠密度消长趋势不同,应根据监测结果及不同疾病风险采取针对性的防控措施。
Objective To investigate the composition and distribution of rodents, their trend of seasonal variation, and the density of rodents in different habitats in China, and to provide an scientific basis for the development of rodent control programs. Methods The rodent surveillance data of the National Vectors Surveillance in China in 2016 were collected and analyzed to investigate the composition of rodent species. The density of rodents was compared across species, habitats,and provinces. Seasonal variation of density was analyzed. Results Among the rodents captured in China in 2016, Rattus norvegicus had the highest density of 0.30 rodents/100 traps, followed by Mus musculus with a density of 0.09 rodents/100 traps. There was a fluctuation in the total density of rodents. Among the three habitats, rural areas had a significantly higher density of rodents than the other two habitats, and residential areas had the lowest density. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region had the highest density of rodents(1.68 rodents/100 traps), followed by Guangdong province. The total density of rodents in China showed an approximately unimodal distribution, with higher densities from March to October. The dominant species R. norvegicus had a relatively low density in March and a significantly higher density than the other species in other months, and R. rattoides had a relatively low density throughout the year. Seasonal variation of rodents varied across species. Conclusion The national rodent surveillance in China in 2016 indicated there were slight fluctuations in the total rodent density throughout the year and seasonal variation of the rodent density varied across species and provinces. The above findings imply that different prevention and control measures should be taken based on surveillance and the local rodent borne diseases risks.
引文
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