重庆市市民无偿献血相关影响因素调查分析
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摘要
目的调查分析影响重庆市市民无偿献血的相关因素,为政府部门的无偿献血工作提供决策依据,指导采供血机构的无偿献血宣传、招募等工作。方法编制《重庆市公民献血心理调查表》,由调查对象现场完成问卷的填写或者由调查者当面代为填写。选取重庆市主城区3 000名受试者,年龄18～60岁,平均26.04岁,其中18～35岁者比例不低于60%,男女比例约为1∶1,采取整群随机抽样方法进行无偿献血相关影响因素调查分析。结果发放问卷3 000份,收回2 483份,有效问卷2 108份,其中来自男性992份(47.06%),女性1 116份(52.94%);35岁以下1 845份(87.52%)。917名无偿献血者,献血率为36.93%(917/2 483),其中男425名,女492名,大多数(52.45%)无偿献血者是基于奉献爱心。有3.71%的人选择通过献血体检。在2 483名被调查者中,有1 566名表示没有献血,占63.07%。男女未献血者在学历构成、职业构成、年龄分布上差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=34.50、46.88、67.53,P<0.05)。超过65%的人知晓献血有益健康,但对"政策法规""血液生理"的知晓程度较低;电视、报纸(36.43%)对市民的影响大于网络和微信(32.41%)的影响。结论大多数无偿献血者是基于奉献爱心,极少数人选择通过献血体检,这给输血安全带来潜在风险;未献血的原因主要是市民献血不方便影响献血积极性,担心献血影响健康及负面舆论对他们的影响等;部分人对无偿献血的政策法规和科普知识知晓率较低;网络、微信等当红传播媒体对市民的影响力还不够。
Objective To investigate and analyze the main factors affecting citizens′blood donation,provide decision-making basis for the blood donation work of government,and provide guidance of the voluntary blood donation propaganda and recruitment for blood collection and supply institutions.Methods The " Chongqing Citizen Blood Donation Psychology Questionnaire" was compiled.A total of 3 000 respondent,aged 18-60 years.The proportion of respondents aged 18-35 was no less than 60%,and the male-female ratio was about1∶1.Cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the influencing factors of unpaid blood donation.Results 3 000 questionnaires were distributed,2 483 copies were withdrawed and 2 108 valid questionnaires were collected.Among the valid questionnaires,there were 992 males(47.06%)and 1 116 females(52.94%).1 845 persons(87.55%)were under 35 years of age.917 blood donors were without compensation,consisting of 425 males and 492 females,and 52.45%of them donated blood for dedication.3.71%of respondents donated blood for physical examination.Among 2 483 respondents,1 566 respondents never have donated blood,which accounting for 63.07%.The differences in academic composition,occupation,age distribution of Male donors and female donors were statistically significant(χ~2=34.50,46.88,67.53,P<0.05).More than 65% donors knew that blood donation was good for health,but they were less aware of "policies and regulations" and " blood physiology".The impact of TV and newspapers on blood donation(36.43%)was greater than that of Internet and WeChat(32.41%).Conclusion Most people donate blood for dedication and love,very few people for physical examination,which poses potential risks to transfusion safety.The reasons for not donating blood were poor accessibility of blood donation,which affects the public′s enthusiasm of blood donation,concerns about the impact of blood donation on health,the impact of negative public opinions.Some people were less aware of "policies and regulations" and "popular science knowledge" on voluntary blood donation and the popular media such as Internet and WeChat does not have enough influence on the citizens.
Objective To investigate and analyze the main factors affecting citizens′blood donation,provide decision-making basis for the blood donation work of government,and provide guidance of the voluntary blood donation propaganda and recruitment for blood collection and supply institutions.Methods The " Chongqing Citizen Blood Donation Psychology Questionnaire" was compiled.A total of 3 000 respondent,aged 18-60 years.The proportion of respondents aged 18-35 was no less than 60%,and the male-female ratio was about1∶1.Cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the influencing factors of unpaid blood donation.Results 3 000 questionnaires were distributed,2 483 copies were withdrawed and 2 108 valid questionnaires were collected.Among the valid questionnaires,there were 992 males(47.06%)and 1 116 females(52.94%).1 845 persons(87.55%)were under 35 years of age.917 blood donors were without compensation,consisting of 425 males and 492 females,and 52.45%of them donated blood for dedication.3.71%of respondents donated blood for physical examination.Among 2 483 respondents,1 566 respondents never have donated blood,which accounting for 63.07%.The differences in academic composition,occupation,age distribution of Male donors and female donors were statistically significant(χ~2=34.50,46.88,67.53,P<0.05).More than 65% donors knew that blood donation was good for health,but they were less aware of "policies and regulations" and " blood physiology".The impact of TV and newspapers on blood donation(36.43%)was greater than that of Internet and WeChat(32.41%).Conclusion Most people donate blood for dedication and love,very few people for physical examination,which poses potential risks to transfusion safety.The reasons for not donating blood were poor accessibility of blood donation,which affects the public′s enthusiasm of blood donation,concerns about the impact of blood donation on health,the impact of negative public opinions.Some people were less aware of "policies and regulations" and "popular science knowledge" on voluntary blood donation and the popular media such as Internet and WeChat does not have enough influence on the citizens.
引文
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[2]陶红,余奇劲.关于血荒时围术期患者血液保护的思考[J].实用医学杂志,2014,30(17):2856-2858.
[3]肖洁,朱国标,彭涛,等.临床供血急剧上升的原因分析[J].中国输血杂志,2010,23(12):1068-1069.
[4]傅奇,夏代全.2010-2015年重庆市血液中心血液采供情况分析[J].检验医学与临床,2016,13(12):1628-1630.
[5]宋英伟,卞成蓉,吴璇,等.北京市街头无偿献血者人群结构分析[J].国际输血及血液学杂志,2017,40(3):219-223.
[6]杨冬燕,成晓娇,段恒英,等.重庆市采供血工作现状分析及对策研究[J].中国输血杂志,2016,29(9):962-966.
[7]刘晓丽,李美霖,麻静敏,等.北京地区公司职员无偿献血认知状况调查研究[J].中国临床研究,2016,29(4):575-577
[8]李燕,徐晓艳,刘虎林,等.邯郸市无偿献血者认知、感受及影响因素调查[J].中国输血杂志,2016,29(5):512-514.
[9]夏代全,程磊.无偿献血宣传招募工作的思考与对策[J].中国输血杂志,2017,30(8):963-965.