韩国课外辅导机构法律规制探析
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摘要
韩国20世纪50年代至今,伴随着极具竞争性的入学考试,课外辅导机构逐步兴起。课外辅导机构的蓬勃发展给公立学校教育体系带来了巨大冲击,同时也扩大了教育的不平等。对此,韩国政府在《私立教育机构设立、经营与课外辅导法》的基础上,建立了课外辅导机构严格的准入制度、信息公开制度,明确了课外辅导机构设立者与经营者的义务,强化了监督机制,确立了监管本身的法律界限,建立了严密的法律责任体系。与此同时,韩国政府还注重教育政策与法律规制的协同治理。韩国课外辅导机构的法律规制经验对我国具有重要的启示意义。
Since the 1950 s, private tutoring institutions have been growing in South Korea along with highly competitive entrance examinations. The expansion of private tutoring has a significant impact on public schooling, and has also increased inequality in education. In response to these issues, based on Act on the Establishment and Operation of Private Teaching Institutes and Extracurricular Lessons, the South Korean government has established a strict access system and an information disclosure system for tutoring institutions, clarified the obligations of the founder and operator of tutoring institutions, strengthened the supervision mechanisms, clarified the legal boundaries of the supervision itself, and established a strict legal liability system. Meanwhile, the South Korean government has also focused on collaborative governance of the legal framework and other education policies. South Korea's experience in regulating tutoring institutions has important implications for China.
Since the 1950 s, private tutoring institutions have been growing in South Korea along with highly competitive entrance examinations. The expansion of private tutoring has a significant impact on public schooling, and has also increased inequality in education. In response to these issues, based on Act on the Establishment and Operation of Private Teaching Institutes and Extracurricular Lessons, the South Korean government has established a strict access system and an information disclosure system for tutoring institutions, clarified the obligations of the founder and operator of tutoring institutions, strengthened the supervision mechanisms, clarified the legal boundaries of the supervision itself, and established a strict legal liability system. Meanwhile, the South Korean government has also focused on collaborative governance of the legal framework and other education policies. South Korea's experience in regulating tutoring institutions has important implications for China.
引文
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[17] 肖凤翔,王瑞.韩国“影子教育”治理及其对我国的启示[J].外国中小学教育,2017(8): 1-7.
[2][15] Choia, H. & Choib, álvaro. Regulating Private Tutoring Consumption in Korea: Lessons from Another Failure[J]. International Journal of Educational Development, 2016: 144-145.
[3][7][16] Bray, M. & KWO, O. Regulating Private Tutoring for Public Good, UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education and the Comparative Education Research Centre[M]. Hong Kong: the University of Hong Kong, 2014: 8-15, 42-43, 8-15.
[4] Yung, K. & Bray, M. Shadow Education: Features, Expansion and Implications[EB/OL]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313678401. 2017-1/2017-5-20.
[5] Choi, H. Does Hagwon Curfew Work? Effect of a Regulation over Operating Hours of Private Tutoring Institutions on Private Tutoring Expenditures in Korea[D]. Lund: Lund University, 2013: 7-9.
[6] Kim, J. H. & Park, D. The Determinants of Demand for Private Tutoring in South Korea[J]. Asia Pacific Education Review, 2010(3): 411-412.
[8]周霖,周常稳.韩国影子教育治理政策的演变及其启示[J].外国教育研究,2017(5): 66-76.
[9][12][14] Lee, C. J., Lee, H. & Jang, H. M. The History of Policy Responses to Shadow Education in South Korea: Implications for the Next Cycle of Policy Responses[J]. Asia Pacific Education Review, 2010(1): 97-108.
[10] [英] 马克·贝磊.教育补习与私人教育成本[M].杨慧娟,等,译.北京: 北京师范大学出版社,2008: 186.
[11] Choi, J. & Cho, R. M. Evaluating the Effects of Governmental Regulations on South Korean Private Cram Schools[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 2016: 601-602.
[13] Kim, S. & Lee, J. H. Private Tutoring and Demand for Education in South Korea[J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2010(2): 263-266.
[17] 肖凤翔,王瑞.韩国“影子教育”治理及其对我国的启示[J].外国中小学教育,2017(8): 1-7.