瑞典高等教育国际化战略的理念、目标及支持体系——基于《瑞典高等教育和科研国际化战略》的研究和启示
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摘要
21世纪是高等教育国际化的世纪,世界各国纷纷出台促进国际化的战略政策,以便促进高等教育发展。瑞典政府为因应世界高等教育国际化趋势,促进国内高等教育国际化发展,于2018年2月出台《瑞典高等教育和科研国际化战略》。该战略秉持教育作为社会人力资本、跨文化教育及在地国际化教育理念,提出高等教育国际化八大建设目标,并提出建立和完善高等教育国际化的支持体系,有效地提升高校学生、教师、科研人员的跨文化能力、国际化经验等国际化素养,建立完善的高等教育国际化工作的监控和评价机制等举措。而我国高等教育国际化应该学习瑞典实施在地国际化教育理念,完善国际化工作的外部支持体系,梳理高校国际化工作的内部保障机制,从而促进我国高等教育发展。
The 21 st century is the century for internationalization of higher education. Countries around the world have issued internationalization strategies to promote the development of higher education. In response to the global internationalization trend of higher education and the promotion of the internationalization of higher education in Sweden, the Swedish government promulgated the "Internationalisation of Swedish Higher Education and Research-A Strategic Agenda" in February 2018. This strategy upholds the concepts of human capital theory, cross-cultural education, and localized international education, proposes the eight major goals for the internationalization of higher education, and proposes that a supportive system for the internationalization of higher education, cross-cultural competence and internationalization experience of students, faculty, research staff in colleges and universities be enhanced, and effective mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the internationalization of higher education be put in place. China's higher education should learn from Sweden in the internationalization from the following aspects: implementation of the concept of on the spot internationalization, improving the external support system for internationalization, and enhancing internal guarantee mechanisms for the internationalization of universities, so as to promote the development of higher education in China.
The 21 st century is the century for internationalization of higher education. Countries around the world have issued internationalization strategies to promote the development of higher education. In response to the global internationalization trend of higher education and the promotion of the internationalization of higher education in Sweden, the Swedish government promulgated the "Internationalisation of Swedish Higher Education and Research-A Strategic Agenda" in February 2018. This strategy upholds the concepts of human capital theory, cross-cultural education, and localized international education, proposes the eight major goals for the internationalization of higher education, and proposes that a supportive system for the internationalization of higher education, cross-cultural competence and internationalization experience of students, faculty, research staff in colleges and universities be enhanced, and effective mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the internationalization of higher education be put in place. China's higher education should learn from Sweden in the internationalization from the following aspects: implementation of the concept of on the spot internationalization, improving the external support system for internationalization, and enhancing internal guarantee mechanisms for the internationalization of universities, so as to promote the development of higher education in China.
引文
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[25]HIGHER EDUCATION AUTHORITY (UK?). Developmental Monitoring – Assuring Sweden’s Status as a Knowledge Society[R].2015.
[2]Important reforms for higher education[EB/OL].http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/5032/a/46 425,13 April 2018.
[3][19]徐晓红.瑞典高等教育国际化发展举措、特色及启示[J].中国成人教育, 2012(7):117-118.
[4]杨建华, 薛二勇.瑞典高等教育的改革[J].高教探索, 2007(5):79.
[5][7][8][9]Swedish Higher Education Authority. Higher Education in Sweden: 2017 Status Report [R].Higher Education Policy, 2017:39, 41-42,40,54.
[6][10][18][23][24][27]Government Offices of Sweden. Internationalisation of Swedish Higher Education and Research-A Strategic Agenda[R].2018:10,11, 15-26,18,20,18.
[11]Kalvemark T E, Ed V D W M. National Policies for the Internationalisation of Higher Education in Europe[J].Hogskoleverket Studies,1997(8):179.
[12]Swedish Council for Higher Education. The Swedish Higher Education Act [EB/OL].https://www.uhr.se/en/start/laws-and-regulations/Laws-and-regulations/The-Swedi sh-Higher-Education Act/?_t_id=1B2M2Y8AsgTpgAmY7PhCfg%3d%3d&_t_q=hig her+education+act&_t_tags=language%3aen%2csiteid%3ac4632932-7e5d-41f0-8923 -5439c1 ac4373&_t_ip=58.198.77.116&_t_hit.id=uhr_core_Models_Pages_ArticlePa ge/_892d5488-ad07-4811-b654-596598d86190_en&_t_hit.pos=2.2018:3.
[13]Government Offices of Sweden. Internationalization of Swedish Higher Education and Research – A Strategic Agenda[R].2018.
[14]彭久麒.教育经济理论的价值观和方法论比较[J].四川师范大学学报:社会科学版,2003(1):26.
[15][21]张伟,刘宝存.在地国际化:中国高等教育发展的新走向[J].大学教育科学,2017(3):11-12.
[16]UNESCO. Guidelines on Intercultural Education [M].Paris: UNESCO, 2006:1720.
[17]王宪平,唐玉光.系统论视野下的高等教育管理[J].高等理科教育, 2005(3):12.
[20]苏庆伟,蔡宝来.基于国际化素养的通识课程设计调查研究:比较的视角[J].现代教育管理,2017(12):78.
[22][26]苏庆伟,蔡宝来.论基于国际化素养的通识课程设计[J].黑龙江高教研究,2017(5):165,165.
[25]HIGHER EDUCATION AUTHORITY (UK?). Developmental Monitoring – Assuring Sweden’s Status as a Knowledge Society[R].2015.