打车软件服务下出租车市场模型与仿真
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摘要
打车软件的出现和普及,在出租车司机和乘客之间建立了一种新的沟通渠道,不仅改变了乘客打车行为、降低了出租车空载率,同时也带来了信息成本。在经典环形城市模型上,结合打车软件和信息成本特点,建立打车软件服务下出租车市场模型,对乘客等车和出租车巡游行为进行描述。提出了模型的仿真算法,通过仿真得到模型随机稳态结果。分析打车软件服务下乘客等车时间,出租车空载率和订单间隔时间分布等,研究结果有助于客观分析打车软件普及使用的利弊,为管理者决策提供依据。
The emergence and popularity of e-hailing applications offer a new way for taxi drivers and passengers to communicate on line, which not only changes the behaviors of passengers and reduce the idle rate of taxi, but also brings the cost of information for taxis and passengers. Referring to the classic circular city model and combining with the characteristics of new way to take taxis and the cost of information, a model of taxi market with e-hailing application is formulated, which describes the behavior of passengers waiting for idle taxis and taxis cruising for un-served passengers. We provided an algorithm to simulate the model and obtained the stochastic steady-state results. Based on the results of simulations,we analyzed the passengers' waiting time with or without using the e-hailing application, the taxi utilization rate and the gap time between two orders of the taxis. The findings help to cognize the pros and cons of e-hailing applications objectively and offer the reference for decision making.
The emergence and popularity of e-hailing applications offer a new way for taxi drivers and passengers to communicate on line, which not only changes the behaviors of passengers and reduce the idle rate of taxi, but also brings the cost of information for taxis and passengers. Referring to the classic circular city model and combining with the characteristics of new way to take taxis and the cost of information, a model of taxi market with e-hailing application is formulated, which describes the behavior of passengers waiting for idle taxis and taxis cruising for un-served passengers. We provided an algorithm to simulate the model and obtained the stochastic steady-state results. Based on the results of simulations,we analyzed the passengers' waiting time with or without using the e-hailing application, the taxi utilization rate and the gap time between two orders of the taxis. The findings help to cognize the pros and cons of e-hailing applications objectively and offer the reference for decision making.
引文
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[8]白竹,王健,胡晓伟,等.城市出租车系统运营效率评价研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(3):227-233.Bai Z,Wang J,Hu X W.,et al.Operational Efficiency Evaluation of Urban Taxi System[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2014,14(3):227-233.
[9]于洁涵,梁雪琴,谢绍晖.手机打车软件盈利模式浅析[J].交通科技与经济,2014,16(2):63-65.Yu J H,Liang X Q,Xie S H.The Research of Taxi Mobile Phone Application Profit Pattern[J].Technology&Economy in Areas of Communications,2014,16(2):63-65.
[10]曹祎,陶竑宇,罗霞.打车软件使用率对出租车社会福利的影响[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(3):1-6.Cao Y,Tao H Y,Luo X.Influence of Usage Rate of Taxi-hailing Apps on Urban Taxi Social Welfare[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(3):1-6.
[11]曹祎,罗霞.基于打车软件使用率的出租车运营速度分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(6):123-127.Cao Y,Luo X.Taxi Operation Speed Analysis Based on the Usage Rate of Taxi-Hailing Apps[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2015,34(6):123-127.
[12]尹贻林,杨旋.新兴移动打车软件对我国出租车市场均衡的影响[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(2):65-70.Yin Y L,Yang X,The Impact of Emerging Taxi Taking Apps on Market Equilibrium in China[J],Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences),2016,37(2):65-70.
[13]度巍,干宏程,刘炳全.存在打车软件服务的出租车运营市场仿真模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2016,16(5):90-96.Du W,Gan H C,Liu B Q.Simulation Model for Taxi Service Market Equipped with Taxi-calling Apps[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2016,16(5):90-96.
[14]曹祎,罗霞.考虑手机召车软件的城市出租车网络均衡研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2016,16(2):70-76.Cao Y,Luo X.Equilibrium Model of Urban Taxi Service Network with the Influence of Taxi-hailing Applications[J],2016,16(2):70-76.
[15]曹祎,陶竑宇,罗霞.信息条件下城市空驶出租车出行分布预测模型[J].计算机工程,2016,42(2):62-65.Cao Y,Tao H Y,Luo X.Forecasting Model of City Vacant Taxis Trip Distribution Under Information Condition[J].Computer Engineering,2016,42(2):62-65.
[2]Yang H,Yang T.Equilibrium properties of taxi markets with search frictions[J].Transportation Research Part BMethodological(S0191-2615),2011,45(4):0-713.
[3]He F,Shen Z J M.Modeling taxi services with smartphone-based e-hailing applications[J].Transportation Research Part C,2015,58(A):93-106.
[4]Borger B D,Fosgerau M.Information Provision by Regulated Public Transport Companies[J].Transportation Research Part B Methodological(S0191-2615),2012,46(4):492-510.
[5]Douglas G W.Price Regulation and Optimal Service Standards:The Taxicab Industry[J].Journal of Transport Economics&Policy(S0022-5258),1972,20(2):116-127.
[6]姚仲敏,龙昭鹏,李强.考虑城市堵车信息的出租车调度系统[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2013,13(4):42-46.Yao Z M,Long Z P,Li Q,A Taxi Dispatch System Considering Urban Traffic Congestion[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2013,13(4):42-46.
[7]度巍,王先甲,刘炳全,等.信息系统下出租车运营市场网络均衡模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(3):91-96.Du W,Wang X J,Liu B Q,et al.Equilibrium Model of Urban Taxi Service Network with Information System[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2014,14(3):91-96.
[8]白竹,王健,胡晓伟,等.城市出租车系统运营效率评价研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(3):227-233.Bai Z,Wang J,Hu X W.,et al.Operational Efficiency Evaluation of Urban Taxi System[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2014,14(3):227-233.
[9]于洁涵,梁雪琴,谢绍晖.手机打车软件盈利模式浅析[J].交通科技与经济,2014,16(2):63-65.Yu J H,Liang X Q,Xie S H.The Research of Taxi Mobile Phone Application Profit Pattern[J].Technology&Economy in Areas of Communications,2014,16(2):63-65.
[10]曹祎,陶竑宇,罗霞.打车软件使用率对出租车社会福利的影响[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(3):1-6.Cao Y,Tao H Y,Luo X.Influence of Usage Rate of Taxi-hailing Apps on Urban Taxi Social Welfare[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(3):1-6.
[11]曹祎,罗霞.基于打车软件使用率的出租车运营速度分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(6):123-127.Cao Y,Luo X.Taxi Operation Speed Analysis Based on the Usage Rate of Taxi-Hailing Apps[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2015,34(6):123-127.
[12]尹贻林,杨旋.新兴移动打车软件对我国出租车市场均衡的影响[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(2):65-70.Yin Y L,Yang X,The Impact of Emerging Taxi Taking Apps on Market Equilibrium in China[J],Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences),2016,37(2):65-70.
[13]度巍,干宏程,刘炳全.存在打车软件服务的出租车运营市场仿真模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2016,16(5):90-96.Du W,Gan H C,Liu B Q.Simulation Model for Taxi Service Market Equipped with Taxi-calling Apps[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2016,16(5):90-96.
[14]曹祎,罗霞.考虑手机召车软件的城市出租车网络均衡研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2016,16(2):70-76.Cao Y,Luo X.Equilibrium Model of Urban Taxi Service Network with the Influence of Taxi-hailing Applications[J],2016,16(2):70-76.
[15]曹祎,陶竑宇,罗霞.信息条件下城市空驶出租车出行分布预测模型[J].计算机工程,2016,42(2):62-65.Cao Y,Tao H Y,Luo X.Forecasting Model of City Vacant Taxis Trip Distribution Under Information Condition[J].Computer Engineering,2016,42(2):62-65.