京津冀大气污染传输通道城市的工业大气污染排放效率分析-基于三阶段DEA方法
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摘要
以京津冀大气污染传输通道的"2+26"城市为研究对象,运用三阶段DEA方法,测算了2011-2015年间各城市工业大气污染排放效率,并与传统DEA分析结果作比较。结果显示,调整后综合效率普遍下降,这主要是规模效率真实值相较调整前降低所致。研究发现不同城市间差异较大,5年间始终到达效率前沿面的城市仅有北京、天津、唐山和邯郸等四个城市。根据纯技术效率和规模效率的高低,将未达效率前沿面的城市划分成"双高型"、"高低型"、"低高型"和"双低型"四种,各类型城市应根据制约效率的主要因素,采取扩大生产、优化资源配置或提升技术水平等差异化方式,促进经济与排放效率同步提升。此外,"2+26"城市的排放效率呈现省域特征,各省应针对"2+26"城市实施区域联合减排,缩小区域内部差距,促进工业大气污染排放效率整体提升。
"2+26" cities located in air pollution transmission channel of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei were taken as the samples to measure the emission efficiency of industrial air pollutants in 2011-2015 by three stage DEA model and compare it with the traditional DEA results. The result shows that the adjusted comprehensive efficiency was generally decreasing, which was mainly caused by the lower real value of scale efficiency compared to that before adjustment. Significant differences were found among cities. In the past 5 years, only four cities, Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan and Handan, always reached efficiency frontier. According to the value of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, cities that had not reached the efficiency frontier could be categorized into four types: "double high", "high-low", "low-high" and "double low". Based on its own restriction factor, each city should consider different solutions such as production expansion, resource allocation optimization and technical upgrade to promote the synchronization of economy and emission efficiency. In addition, the provincial characteristics of the emission efficiency of the "2+26" cities were found. The involved provinces should implement regional policies for "2+26" cities to narrow the regional internal gap and improve the overall efficiency of industrial air pollution emission.
"2+26" cities located in air pollution transmission channel of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei were taken as the samples to measure the emission efficiency of industrial air pollutants in 2011-2015 by three stage DEA model and compare it with the traditional DEA results. The result shows that the adjusted comprehensive efficiency was generally decreasing, which was mainly caused by the lower real value of scale efficiency compared to that before adjustment. Significant differences were found among cities. In the past 5 years, only four cities, Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan and Handan, always reached efficiency frontier. According to the value of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, cities that had not reached the efficiency frontier could be categorized into four types: "double high", "high-low", "low-high" and "double low". Based on its own restriction factor, each city should consider different solutions such as production expansion, resource allocation optimization and technical upgrade to promote the synchronization of economy and emission efficiency. In addition, the provincial characteristics of the emission efficiency of the "2+26" cities were found. The involved provinces should implement regional policies for "2+26" cities to narrow the regional internal gap and improve the overall efficiency of industrial air pollution emission.
引文
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[26] 杨俊,邵汉华,胡军.中国环境效率评价及其影响因素实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(2):49-55.
[27] 邓宗兵,吴朝影,封永刚,等.中国区域公共服务供给效率评价与差异性分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(5):28-33.
[2] 汪克亮,孟祥瑞,杨宝臣,等.中国区域经济增长的大气环境绩效研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2016,33(11):59-76.
[3] 王奇,李明全.基于DEA方法的我国大气污染治理效率评价[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):942-946.
[4] Sueyoshi T, Yuan Y. China's regional sustainability and diversified resource allocation: DEA environmental assessment on economic development and air pollution[J]. Energy Economics, 2015,49(8):239-256.
[5] 汪克亮,孟祥瑞,杨力,等.我国主要工业省区大气污染排放效率的地区差异、变化趋势与成因分解[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):888-898.
[6] 郑石明,罗凯方.大气污染治理效率与环境政策工具选择-基于29个省市的经验证据[J].中国软科学,2017(9):184-192.
[7] Xiang Z, Chen X H, Lian Y Q. Quantifying the vulnerability of surface water environment in humid areas base on DEA method[J].Water Resources Management,2016,30(14):1-12.
[8] 买亚宗,孙福丽,石磊,等.基于DEA的中国工业水资源利用效率评价研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(11):42-47.
[9] Pointon C, Matthews K. Dynamic efficiency in the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry[J].Omega,2015,60:98-108.
[10] Dong F, Long R Y, Bian Z F, et al. Applying a Ruggiero three-stage super-efficiency DEA model to gauge regional carbon emission efficiency: evidence from China[J]. Natural Hazards,2017,87(3):1-16.
[11] 华坚,任俊,徐敏,等.基于三阶段DEA的中国区域二氧化碳排放绩效评价研究[J].资源科学,2013,35(7):1447-1454.
[12] Li K, Lin B Q. Impact of energy conservation policies on the green productivity in China's manufacturing sector: Evidence from a three-stage DEA model[J].Applied Energy,2016,168:351-363.
[13] 吴传清,董旭.环境约束下长江经济带全要素能源效率研究[J].中国软科学,2016(3):73-83.
[14] 何为,刘昌义,郭树龙.天津大气环境效率及影响因素实证分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):31-35.
[15] Zaim O, Taskin F. Environmental efficiency in carbon dioxide emissions in the OECD:A non-parametric approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2000,58(2):95-107.
[16] Zofio J L, Prieto A M. Environmental efficiency and regulatory standards:The case of CO2 emissions from OECD Industries[J]. Resource and Energy Economics,2001,23(1):63-83.
[17] 王俊能,许振成,胡习邦,等.基于DEA理论的中国区域环境效率分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(4):565-570.
[18] 谭雪,杨喆,黄枭枭,等.用水和排水视角下中国环境效率分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(4):131-136.
[19] 李玉婷,刘祥艳.中国工业能源效率及其收敛性-SFA全要素与单要素方法的比较分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(12):14-19.
[20] Fried H O, Lovell C A K, Schmidt S S, Yaisawarng S. Accounting for environmental effects and statistical noise in data envelopment analysis[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2002,17(1-2):157-172.
[21] 黄德春,董宇怡,刘炳胜.基于三阶段DEA模型中国区域能源效率分析[J].资源科学,2012,34(4):688-695.
[22] 陈洪斌.我国省际农业用水效率测评与空间溢出效应研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):85-90.
[23] 郭四代,仝梦,郭杰,等.基于三阶段DEA模型的省际真实环境效率测度与影响因素分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(3):106-116.
[24] 柯善咨,向娟.1996-2009年中国城市固定资本存量估算[J].统计研究,2012,29(7):19-24.
[25] 沈能,王群伟.考虑异质性技术的环境效率评价及空间效应[J].管理工程学报,2015,29(1):162-168.
[26] 杨俊,邵汉华,胡军.中国环境效率评价及其影响因素实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(2):49-55.
[27] 邓宗兵,吴朝影,封永刚,等.中国区域公共服务供给效率评价与差异性分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(5):28-33.