稠油微生物冷采技术研究进展
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摘要
稠油是重要的石油资源,约占石油总资源量的53%。我国稠油资源储量丰富,每年的稠油产量约占原油总产量的10%。随着开采年限的增加,稠油在改善热采开发效果、提高采收率、降低能耗、提高探明储量动用率等方面都面临较大的技术挑战。近年来,利用高效稠油降解菌对稠油进行降解、利用代谢生物表活剂对稠油进行乳化降黏等微生物冷采技术,已经在室内研究与矿场试验得到了证实。简要论述了微生物冷采技术机理、冷采微生物及营养激活剂,总结了近十年来国内外稠油微生物冷采技术的研究进展。微生物冷采技术将为稠油油藏改善开发效果、降低能耗及提高采收率方面发挥更大的作用,为稠油经济开采与进一步提高采收率提供了一种可行路线。
Heavy oil is an important petroleum resource,which accounts for 53% of total petroleum resources.Heavy oil resource in China is very abundant,and the production of heavy oil accounts for about 10% of total crude oil production.With the increasing of mining age,heavy oil faces great technology challenges in improving effect of thermal recovery,enhancing oil recovery,reducing energy consumption,and increasing the producing rate of explored reserves.In recent years,microbial cold production technologies have been confirmed by laboratory and field tests,such as the degradation of heavy oil by efficient heavy oil-degrading bacteria,and emulsification and viscosity reduction of heavy oil by biosurfactant.We briefly discuss the principle of microbial cold production technology,cold production microorganisms,and nutrient activators.Moreover,we summarize the research progress in microbial cold production for heavy oil around world in the past ten years.Microbial cold production technology will play a more and more significant role in improving the development effect of heavy oil reservoir,reducing energy consumption,and enhancing oil recovery,which provides a feasible route for economical development of heavy oil and further enhancement of oil recovery.
Heavy oil is an important petroleum resource,which accounts for 53% of total petroleum resources.Heavy oil resource in China is very abundant,and the production of heavy oil accounts for about 10% of total crude oil production.With the increasing of mining age,heavy oil faces great technology challenges in improving effect of thermal recovery,enhancing oil recovery,reducing energy consumption,and increasing the producing rate of explored reserves.In recent years,microbial cold production technologies have been confirmed by laboratory and field tests,such as the degradation of heavy oil by efficient heavy oil-degrading bacteria,and emulsification and viscosity reduction of heavy oil by biosurfactant.We briefly discuss the principle of microbial cold production technology,cold production microorganisms,and nutrient activators.Moreover,we summarize the research progress in microbial cold production for heavy oil around world in the past ten years.Microbial cold production technology will play a more and more significant role in improving the development effect of heavy oil reservoir,reducing energy consumption,and enhancing oil recovery,which provides a feasible route for economical development of heavy oil and further enhancement of oil recovery.
引文
[1] 付美龙.稠油与高凝油油藏提高采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013.
[2] 郑洪涛.稠油开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[3] 付喜庆.稠油开采国内外现状及开发技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,40(1):109-110.FU X Q.The developing state of heavy oil recovery technology at home and abroad[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2014,40(1):109-110.
[4] 张庆茹.中国陆上稠油资源潜力及分布特征[J].中外科技情报,2007(1):2.ZHANG Q R.The resources potentiality and distributive characteristics of heavy oil in China[J].Technical Information From China and Foreign Countries,2007(1):2.
[5] 胡长英.论我国稠油开发面临的挑战与发展[J].化工管理,2017(5):12,14.HU C Y.The challenges and development faced by heavy oil recovery in China[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2017(5):12,14.
[6] 于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(2):99-103.YU L D.The resources potentiality and recovery technology of heavy oil around the world[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2001,8(2):99-103.
[7] 毕向明.稠油开采技术及展望[J].科学管理,2017,24(3):225.BI X M.Heavy oil recovery technology and prospect[J].Scientific Management Research,2017,24(3):225.
[8] 张韵洁.稠油蒸汽吞吐开采工艺技术研究[J].化工设计通讯,2018,44(1):59-60.ZHANG Y J.Overview of heavy oil cyclic steam stimulation recovery technology[J].Chemical Engineering Design Communications,2018,44(1):59-60.
[9] 何术华,姚宏斌.稠油出砂冷采工艺技术[J].石油知识,2014(2):10-11.HE S H,YAO H B.Heavy oil cold production technology[J].Petroleum Knowledge,2014(2):10-11.
[10] 邝煜,焦志豪,史进,等.稠油出砂冷采技术及展望[J].内蒙古石油化工,2011,37(6):102-104.KUANG Y,JIAO Z H,SHI J,et al.The research and development trend of cold heavy oil production with sands[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2011,37(6):102-104.
[11] 马涛,汤达禎,蒋平,等.注CO2提高采收率现状[J].油田化学,2007,24(4):379-383.MA T,TANG D Z,JIANG P,et al.The status about CO2 injection to improve oil recovery[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2007,24(4):379-383.
[12] 刘彦成,王建.稠油开采技术的发展趋势[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2010,12(4):17-23.LIU Y C,WANG J.The development trends of heavy oil recovery technology[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2010,12(4):17-23.
[13] 李功强,李丽.微生物提高石油采收率技术探讨[J].石油地质与工程,2006,20(6):75-77.LI G Q,LI L.Discussion of technologies in microbial enhanced oil recovery[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2006,20(6):75-77.
[14] CHAI L J,ZHANG F,SHE Y H,et al.Impact of a microbial-enhanced oil recovery field trial on microbial communities in a low-temperature heavy oil reservoir[J].Nature Environment & Pollution Technology,2015,14(3):455-462.
[15] SUN S S,LUO Y J,ZHOU Y,et al.Application of Bacillus spp.in pilot test of microbial huff and puff to improve heavy oil recovery[J].Energy & Fuels,2017,31(12):13724-13732.
[16] 杨承志,楼诸红.微生物采油的地质基础及筛选标准[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(2):69-72.YANG C Z,LOU Z H.Screeening standards and geological bases for microbal enhanced oil recovery[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1997,24(2):69-72.
[17] 雷光伦.微生物采油技术的研究与应用[J].石油学报,2001,22(2):56-61.LEI G L.Research and application of microbial enhanced oil[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(2):56-61.
[18] 易绍金,缪永霞.稠油降粘菌的降粘作用研究及其现场应用[J].石油天然气学报,2009,31(1):134-137.YI S J,LIAO Y X.A research on action of bacteria in reducing viscosity of viscous crude and field application[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2009,31(1):134-137.
[19] 李青,吴刚,谢刚,等.低温稠油油藏微生物采油菌的筛选评价研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(2):114-116.LI Q,WU G,XIE G,et al.Research on evaluation of microbe oil recovery bacterium of low-temperature inspissated pool[J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2011,33(2):114-116.
[20] 韩世庆,程远忠,安振月,等.微生物复合降黏技术在底水稠油油藏开发中的应用[J].断块油气田,2012,19(1):68-72.HAN S Q,CHENG Y Z,AN Z Y,et al.Application of composite microbial viscosity reduction technology in development of heavy oil reservoir with bottom water[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2012,19(1):68-72.
[21] 徐豪飞,施雷庭,叶仲斌,等.利用微生物提高高含水期稠油油藏采收率研究[J].应用化学,2013,42(1):15-21.XU H F,SHI L T,YE Z B,et al.Enhanced oil recovery of heavy oil reservoir in high water cut stage by using microbe[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2013,42(1):15-21.
[22] 王学忠,杨元亮,席伟军.油水过渡带薄浅层特稠油微生物开发技术——以准噶尔盆地西缘春风油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):630-635.WANG X Z,YANG Y L,XI W J.Microbial enhanced oil recovery of oil-water transitional zone in thin-shallow extra heavy oil reservoirs:a case study of Chunfeng Oilfield in western margin of Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(4):630-635.
[23] 刘毅,程诗睿,胡子龙,等.微生物复合降黏技术提高稠油底水油藏采收率研究及应用[J].油气藏评价与开发,2017,7(2):70-73.LIU Y,CHENG S R,HU Z L,et al.Research and application of the composite microbial viscosity reduction technology to improve the recovery of heavy oil reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2017,7(2):70-73.
[24] 王小通,向龙斌,张艺馨.辽河高凝油微生物采油菌剂研究及应用评价[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(5):162-168.WANG X T,XIANG L B,ZHANG Y X.Microorganism preparation and application evaluation on microbial enhanced high-pour point oil recovery in Liaohe Oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(5):162-168.
[25] 刘彬,俞理,黄立信,等.不同复配菌群乳化降解稠油效果研究[J].中国科技论文,2018,13(9):967-971.LIU B,YU L,HUANG L X,et al.Study on the effect of emulsifying and degrading heavy oil with different compound of strains[J].China Sciencepaper,2018,13(9):967-971.
[26] 宋永亭,李彩风,曹嫣镔,等.内外源微生物复合吞吐技术在常规稠油低效井中的研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(3):400-404.SONG Y T,LI C F,CAO Y B,et al.Research and application of indigenous and exogenous microbial compound huff & puff technique in conventional heavy oil low-effi ciency wells[J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2018,40(3):400-404.
[27] TOWN K,SHEEHY A J.MEOR success in southern Saskatchewan[J].2009,SPE124319.
[28] KARIM M,SALIM M,ZAIN Z,et al.Microbial enhanced oil recovery(MEOR) technology in Bokor Field,Sarawak[J].2001,SPE72125.
[29] ALKAN H,BIEGEL E,KRUGER M,et al.An integrated MEOR project;workflow to develop a pilot a German Field[J].2014,SPE-169151-MS.
[2] 郑洪涛.稠油开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[3] 付喜庆.稠油开采国内外现状及开发技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,40(1):109-110.FU X Q.The developing state of heavy oil recovery technology at home and abroad[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2014,40(1):109-110.
[4] 张庆茹.中国陆上稠油资源潜力及分布特征[J].中外科技情报,2007(1):2.ZHANG Q R.The resources potentiality and distributive characteristics of heavy oil in China[J].Technical Information From China and Foreign Countries,2007(1):2.
[5] 胡长英.论我国稠油开发面临的挑战与发展[J].化工管理,2017(5):12,14.HU C Y.The challenges and development faced by heavy oil recovery in China[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2017(5):12,14.
[6] 于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(2):99-103.YU L D.The resources potentiality and recovery technology of heavy oil around the world[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2001,8(2):99-103.
[7] 毕向明.稠油开采技术及展望[J].科学管理,2017,24(3):225.BI X M.Heavy oil recovery technology and prospect[J].Scientific Management Research,2017,24(3):225.
[8] 张韵洁.稠油蒸汽吞吐开采工艺技术研究[J].化工设计通讯,2018,44(1):59-60.ZHANG Y J.Overview of heavy oil cyclic steam stimulation recovery technology[J].Chemical Engineering Design Communications,2018,44(1):59-60.
[9] 何术华,姚宏斌.稠油出砂冷采工艺技术[J].石油知识,2014(2):10-11.HE S H,YAO H B.Heavy oil cold production technology[J].Petroleum Knowledge,2014(2):10-11.
[10] 邝煜,焦志豪,史进,等.稠油出砂冷采技术及展望[J].内蒙古石油化工,2011,37(6):102-104.KUANG Y,JIAO Z H,SHI J,et al.The research and development trend of cold heavy oil production with sands[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2011,37(6):102-104.
[11] 马涛,汤达禎,蒋平,等.注CO2提高采收率现状[J].油田化学,2007,24(4):379-383.MA T,TANG D Z,JIANG P,et al.The status about CO2 injection to improve oil recovery[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2007,24(4):379-383.
[12] 刘彦成,王建.稠油开采技术的发展趋势[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2010,12(4):17-23.LIU Y C,WANG J.The development trends of heavy oil recovery technology[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2010,12(4):17-23.
[13] 李功强,李丽.微生物提高石油采收率技术探讨[J].石油地质与工程,2006,20(6):75-77.LI G Q,LI L.Discussion of technologies in microbial enhanced oil recovery[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2006,20(6):75-77.
[14] CHAI L J,ZHANG F,SHE Y H,et al.Impact of a microbial-enhanced oil recovery field trial on microbial communities in a low-temperature heavy oil reservoir[J].Nature Environment & Pollution Technology,2015,14(3):455-462.
[15] SUN S S,LUO Y J,ZHOU Y,et al.Application of Bacillus spp.in pilot test of microbial huff and puff to improve heavy oil recovery[J].Energy & Fuels,2017,31(12):13724-13732.
[16] 杨承志,楼诸红.微生物采油的地质基础及筛选标准[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(2):69-72.YANG C Z,LOU Z H.Screeening standards and geological bases for microbal enhanced oil recovery[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1997,24(2):69-72.
[17] 雷光伦.微生物采油技术的研究与应用[J].石油学报,2001,22(2):56-61.LEI G L.Research and application of microbial enhanced oil[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(2):56-61.
[18] 易绍金,缪永霞.稠油降粘菌的降粘作用研究及其现场应用[J].石油天然气学报,2009,31(1):134-137.YI S J,LIAO Y X.A research on action of bacteria in reducing viscosity of viscous crude and field application[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2009,31(1):134-137.
[19] 李青,吴刚,谢刚,等.低温稠油油藏微生物采油菌的筛选评价研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(2):114-116.LI Q,WU G,XIE G,et al.Research on evaluation of microbe oil recovery bacterium of low-temperature inspissated pool[J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2011,33(2):114-116.
[20] 韩世庆,程远忠,安振月,等.微生物复合降黏技术在底水稠油油藏开发中的应用[J].断块油气田,2012,19(1):68-72.HAN S Q,CHENG Y Z,AN Z Y,et al.Application of composite microbial viscosity reduction technology in development of heavy oil reservoir with bottom water[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2012,19(1):68-72.
[21] 徐豪飞,施雷庭,叶仲斌,等.利用微生物提高高含水期稠油油藏采收率研究[J].应用化学,2013,42(1):15-21.XU H F,SHI L T,YE Z B,et al.Enhanced oil recovery of heavy oil reservoir in high water cut stage by using microbe[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2013,42(1):15-21.
[22] 王学忠,杨元亮,席伟军.油水过渡带薄浅层特稠油微生物开发技术——以准噶尔盆地西缘春风油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):630-635.WANG X Z,YANG Y L,XI W J.Microbial enhanced oil recovery of oil-water transitional zone in thin-shallow extra heavy oil reservoirs:a case study of Chunfeng Oilfield in western margin of Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(4):630-635.
[23] 刘毅,程诗睿,胡子龙,等.微生物复合降黏技术提高稠油底水油藏采收率研究及应用[J].油气藏评价与开发,2017,7(2):70-73.LIU Y,CHENG S R,HU Z L,et al.Research and application of the composite microbial viscosity reduction technology to improve the recovery of heavy oil reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2017,7(2):70-73.
[24] 王小通,向龙斌,张艺馨.辽河高凝油微生物采油菌剂研究及应用评价[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(5):162-168.WANG X T,XIANG L B,ZHANG Y X.Microorganism preparation and application evaluation on microbial enhanced high-pour point oil recovery in Liaohe Oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(5):162-168.
[25] 刘彬,俞理,黄立信,等.不同复配菌群乳化降解稠油效果研究[J].中国科技论文,2018,13(9):967-971.LIU B,YU L,HUANG L X,et al.Study on the effect of emulsifying and degrading heavy oil with different compound of strains[J].China Sciencepaper,2018,13(9):967-971.
[26] 宋永亭,李彩风,曹嫣镔,等.内外源微生物复合吞吐技术在常规稠油低效井中的研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(3):400-404.SONG Y T,LI C F,CAO Y B,et al.Research and application of indigenous and exogenous microbial compound huff & puff technique in conventional heavy oil low-effi ciency wells[J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2018,40(3):400-404.
[27] TOWN K,SHEEHY A J.MEOR success in southern Saskatchewan[J].2009,SPE124319.
[28] KARIM M,SALIM M,ZAIN Z,et al.Microbial enhanced oil recovery(MEOR) technology in Bokor Field,Sarawak[J].2001,SPE72125.
[29] ALKAN H,BIEGEL E,KRUGER M,et al.An integrated MEOR project;workflow to develop a pilot a German Field[J].2014,SPE-169151-MS.