保水剂底施对沙子剖面水分和硝态氮运移的影响研究
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摘要
【目的】解决沙土地区漏水漏肥的核心问题,建立保水防渗漏新技术体系,促进沙土地区农业可持续发展。【方法】基于保水剂的吸水保肥等物理化学特点,以保水剂和土壤混合物底施为技术方法,选用聚丙烯酸钠和壤土为材料,采用沙柱模拟试验,研究了不同施用厚度的保水剂-土壤混合物对剖面水分运移及硝态氮淋洗的影响。【结果】聚丙烯酸钠在壤土中的质量分数为1%时,可以对水分有效截流;混合物底施,以0.9～1.5 cm厚度为最佳;淋溶试验表明硝态氮主要集中在表层和保水剂层,占比为87.2%,有效防止了硝态氮的下移。【结论】保水剂壤土混合物底施,可以起到显著的水分养分截流作用,本试验中聚丙烯酸钠质量分数1%及1 cm厚度时,可获得较好效果。
【Objective】Water-adsorbing polymers have been used an agent to improve the ability of soil to retain water and the objective of this paper is to study the movement and retention of water and nitrate in soil containing a layer of mixture of water-adsorbing polymer and soil.【Method】Sodium polyacrylate(SAP) was used in this paper as the agent and based on its adsorptive ability to water and nitrate, the polymer was mixed with soil. A layer of such a mixture was packed at different depths in soil columns, and water and nitrate infiltration in the columns was studied experimentally to elucidate the impact of thickness and location of the mixture layer on water flow and nitrate leaching.【Result】The mixture became impermeable when the ratio of sodium polyacrylate to loam soil was higher than 1%. Packing a layer of the mixture 0.9～1.5 cm thick in subsoil worked well. The nitrate was mainly found in the top soil and in the mixture, accounting for 87.2% of the total nitrogen, effectively reducing nitrate leaching.【Conclusion】Applying a layer of the mixture of soil and sodium polyacrylate in subsoil can improve water retention and ameliorate nitrate leaching. In our experiment burying a 1 cm thick mixture with the sodium polyacrylate to loam soil ratio at 1% gave good results.
【Objective】Water-adsorbing polymers have been used an agent to improve the ability of soil to retain water and the objective of this paper is to study the movement and retention of water and nitrate in soil containing a layer of mixture of water-adsorbing polymer and soil.【Method】Sodium polyacrylate(SAP) was used in this paper as the agent and based on its adsorptive ability to water and nitrate, the polymer was mixed with soil. A layer of such a mixture was packed at different depths in soil columns, and water and nitrate infiltration in the columns was studied experimentally to elucidate the impact of thickness and location of the mixture layer on water flow and nitrate leaching.【Result】The mixture became impermeable when the ratio of sodium polyacrylate to loam soil was higher than 1%. Packing a layer of the mixture 0.9～1.5 cm thick in subsoil worked well. The nitrate was mainly found in the top soil and in the mixture, accounting for 87.2% of the total nitrogen, effectively reducing nitrate leaching.【Conclusion】Applying a layer of the mixture of soil and sodium polyacrylate in subsoil can improve water retention and ameliorate nitrate leaching. In our experiment burying a 1 cm thick mixture with the sodium polyacrylate to loam soil ratio at 1% gave good results.
引文
[1]苗恒录,李泽坤,徐冰,等.保水剂在干旱沙区作物应用中的研究进展[J].北方农业学报, 2018, 46(1):85-89.
[2]李景生,黄韵珠.土壤保水剂的吸水保水性能研究动态[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(1):86-91.
[3]黄占斌,辛小桂,宁荣昌,等.保水剂在农业生产中的应用与发展趋势[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(3):11-14.
[4]张富仓,康绍忠. BP保水剂及其对土壤与作物的效应[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(2):74-78.
[5] HUTTERMANN A, LAWRENCE JBO, Agaba H. Application of superabsorbent polymers for improving the ecological chemistry of degraded or polluted lands[J]. CLEAN-Soil Air Water, 2009, 37(7):517-526.
[6] LAWRENCE JBO, AGABA H, TWEHEYO M, et al. Amending soils with hydrogels increases the biomass of nine tree species under non-water stress conditions[J]. CLEAN-Soil Air Water, 2009, 37(8):615-620.
[7]刘小刚,耿宏焯,程金焕,等.保水剂和灌水对小粒咖啡苗木的节水调控效应[J].农业机械学报, 2014, 45(3):134-139.
[8]张富仓,李继成,雷艳,等.保水剂对土壤保水持肥特性的影响研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报, 2010,18(1):120-128.
[9]黄震,黄占斌,李文颖,等.不同保水剂对土壤水分和氮素保持的比较研究[J].中国生态农业学报, 2010,18(2):245-249.
[10]岳征文,王百田,王红柳,等.复合营养长效保肥保水剂应用及其缓释节肥效果[J].农业工程学报, 2011, 27(8):56-62.
[11]马鑫,魏占民,于健,等.保水剂对土壤特性长效影响的研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2013, 32(3):117-120.
[12]李秧秧,黄占斌.节水农业中化控技术的应用研究[J].节水灌溉, 2001(3):4-6.
[13]吴娜,胡跃高,任长忠,等.两种灌溉方式下保水剂用量对春播裸燕麦土壤氮素的影响[J].草业学报, 2014, 23(2):346-351.
[14]廖人宽,杨培岭,任树梅.高吸水树脂保水剂提高肥效及减少农业面源污染[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(17):1-10.
[15]孟志伟,於忠祥,朱林,等.施用缓释型保水剂条件下土壤水分状况及氮素运移特征的研究[J].安徽农学通报, 2006, 12(5):52-54.
[16]苟春林,王新爱,李永胜,等.保水剂与氮肥的相互影响及节水保肥效果[J].中国农业科学, 2011, 44(19):4 015-4 021.
[17]李晶晶,白岗栓.保水剂在水土保持中的应用及研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学, 2012,10(1):114-120.
[18]王志玉,刘作新.高吸水树脂的性能及其在农业上的应用[J].土壤通报, 2004, 35(3):352-356.
[19]谢伯承,薛绪掌,王纪华,等.保水剂对土壤持水性状的影响[J].水土保持通报, 2003, 23(6):44-46.
[20] BEN-HUR M, KEREN R. Polymer effects on water infiltration and soil aggregation[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997, 61(2):565.
[21] LENTZ R D,SOJKA R E, CARTER D L, et al. Preventing irrigation furrow erosion with small application of polymers[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1992, 56(6):1 926-1 932.
[22] SOJKA R E, LENTZ R D, WESTERMANN D T. Water and erosion management with multiple applications of polyacrylamide in furrow irrigation[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1998, 62(6):1 672-1 680.
[23]朱元浩,杨培岭,杜鑫,等.利用氢氧稳定同位素探究保水剂对玉米根系作用机理[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016,35(10):42-46.
[24]程闯梅,任树梅,杨培岭,等.保水剂对大田雨养玉米水肥利用效率影响的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014,33(6):141-144.
[25]杨永辉,武继承,吴普特,等.保水剂用量对小麦不同生育期根系生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2011,22(1):73-78.
[26]李云开,杨培岭,刘洪禄.保水剂在农业上的应用技术与效应[J].节水灌溉, 2002(2):12-16, 53.
[27] BERBER M R, HAFEZ I H, MINAGAWA K, et al. An efficient strategy of managing irrigation water based on formulating highly absorbent polymer-in organic clay composites[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 470-471:193-200.
[28]吕贻忠,张凤荣,闫旭东,等.风沙土上生态保水保肥型的土体构型改良剂及其使用方法:CN107011915A[P]. 2017-08-04.
[29]宋吉青,吕国华,白文波,等.一种土壤深松耕装置:CN206547273U[P]. 2017-10-13.
[2]李景生,黄韵珠.土壤保水剂的吸水保水性能研究动态[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(1):86-91.
[3]黄占斌,辛小桂,宁荣昌,等.保水剂在农业生产中的应用与发展趋势[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(3):11-14.
[4]张富仓,康绍忠. BP保水剂及其对土壤与作物的效应[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(2):74-78.
[5] HUTTERMANN A, LAWRENCE JBO, Agaba H. Application of superabsorbent polymers for improving the ecological chemistry of degraded or polluted lands[J]. CLEAN-Soil Air Water, 2009, 37(7):517-526.
[6] LAWRENCE JBO, AGABA H, TWEHEYO M, et al. Amending soils with hydrogels increases the biomass of nine tree species under non-water stress conditions[J]. CLEAN-Soil Air Water, 2009, 37(8):615-620.
[7]刘小刚,耿宏焯,程金焕,等.保水剂和灌水对小粒咖啡苗木的节水调控效应[J].农业机械学报, 2014, 45(3):134-139.
[8]张富仓,李继成,雷艳,等.保水剂对土壤保水持肥特性的影响研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报, 2010,18(1):120-128.
[9]黄震,黄占斌,李文颖,等.不同保水剂对土壤水分和氮素保持的比较研究[J].中国生态农业学报, 2010,18(2):245-249.
[10]岳征文,王百田,王红柳,等.复合营养长效保肥保水剂应用及其缓释节肥效果[J].农业工程学报, 2011, 27(8):56-62.
[11]马鑫,魏占民,于健,等.保水剂对土壤特性长效影响的研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2013, 32(3):117-120.
[12]李秧秧,黄占斌.节水农业中化控技术的应用研究[J].节水灌溉, 2001(3):4-6.
[13]吴娜,胡跃高,任长忠,等.两种灌溉方式下保水剂用量对春播裸燕麦土壤氮素的影响[J].草业学报, 2014, 23(2):346-351.
[14]廖人宽,杨培岭,任树梅.高吸水树脂保水剂提高肥效及减少农业面源污染[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(17):1-10.
[15]孟志伟,於忠祥,朱林,等.施用缓释型保水剂条件下土壤水分状况及氮素运移特征的研究[J].安徽农学通报, 2006, 12(5):52-54.
[16]苟春林,王新爱,李永胜,等.保水剂与氮肥的相互影响及节水保肥效果[J].中国农业科学, 2011, 44(19):4 015-4 021.
[17]李晶晶,白岗栓.保水剂在水土保持中的应用及研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学, 2012,10(1):114-120.
[18]王志玉,刘作新.高吸水树脂的性能及其在农业上的应用[J].土壤通报, 2004, 35(3):352-356.
[19]谢伯承,薛绪掌,王纪华,等.保水剂对土壤持水性状的影响[J].水土保持通报, 2003, 23(6):44-46.
[20] BEN-HUR M, KEREN R. Polymer effects on water infiltration and soil aggregation[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997, 61(2):565.
[21] LENTZ R D,SOJKA R E, CARTER D L, et al. Preventing irrigation furrow erosion with small application of polymers[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1992, 56(6):1 926-1 932.
[22] SOJKA R E, LENTZ R D, WESTERMANN D T. Water and erosion management with multiple applications of polyacrylamide in furrow irrigation[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1998, 62(6):1 672-1 680.
[23]朱元浩,杨培岭,杜鑫,等.利用氢氧稳定同位素探究保水剂对玉米根系作用机理[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016,35(10):42-46.
[24]程闯梅,任树梅,杨培岭,等.保水剂对大田雨养玉米水肥利用效率影响的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014,33(6):141-144.
[25]杨永辉,武继承,吴普特,等.保水剂用量对小麦不同生育期根系生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2011,22(1):73-78.
[26]李云开,杨培岭,刘洪禄.保水剂在农业上的应用技术与效应[J].节水灌溉, 2002(2):12-16, 53.
[27] BERBER M R, HAFEZ I H, MINAGAWA K, et al. An efficient strategy of managing irrigation water based on formulating highly absorbent polymer-in organic clay composites[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 470-471:193-200.
[28]吕贻忠,张凤荣,闫旭东,等.风沙土上生态保水保肥型的土体构型改良剂及其使用方法:CN107011915A[P]. 2017-08-04.
[29]宋吉青,吕国华,白文波,等.一种土壤深松耕装置:CN206547273U[P]. 2017-10-13.