灌溉定额对陇春30号单作及间作产量和边行效应的影响
|
摘要
在甘肃河西绿洲灌区,在不同种植方式和灌水水平下,对单作及间作陇春30号春小麦产量和边行效应进行了比较研究。结果表明,在高、中、低定额灌水水平下,间作春小麦比单作春小麦折合产量分别提高了33.12%、28.34%、20.96%;间作春小麦较单作春小麦边1行、边2行、边3行产量分别提高49.06%～72.57%、14.29%～29.87%、11.39%～13.41%。单作小麦在高定额灌水水平下,边1行产量比边2行、边3行分别提高了15.3%、37.8%,中定额灌水水平下,提高了17.8%、34.2%,低定额灌水水平下,提高了14.3%、17.3%。间作条件下,高定额灌水处理边1行比边2行、边3行产量提高了74.1%、20.4%,中定额灌水处理提高了53.4%、79.5%,低定额灌水处理提高了40.0%、64.7%,边行优势主要表现在间作中。间作春小麦折合产量和边行优势都优于单作春小麦的主要原因是间作春小麦的成穗数、穗粒数、小穗数等的提高。
The yield and side effect of single cropping and intercropping Longchun 30 spring wheat were compared under different planting methods and irrigation water levels in Hexi Oasis Irrigation District of Gansu. The results showed that the yield of intercropped spring wheat was 33.12%,28.34% and 20.96% higher than that of monocultured spring wheat under high,medium and low irrigation quotas,and the yield of intercropped spring wheat was 49.06%～72.57%,14.29%～29.87% and 11.39%～13.41% higher than that of monocultured spring wheat at the edge of one row,two rows and three rows,respectively. The yield of single cropping wheat under high irrigation level was 15.3% and 37.8% higher than that of two and three lines at the edge,17.8% and 34.2% higher than that under medium irrigation level,and 14.3% and 17.3% higher than that under low irrigation level. Under intercropping conditions,the yield of High-quota irrigation increased by 74.1%,20.4%,53.4%,79.5% and40.0%,64.7% respectively,compared with two and three lines at the side,while the yield of medium-quota irrigation increased by 53.4%,79.5%,and that of low-quota irrigation increased by 40.0% and 64.7%. The edge advantage was mainly reflected in intercropping. The main reason why intercropping spring wheat is superior to monoculture spring wheat in terms of yield and edge row advantage is that the number of spikes,grains per spike and spikelets per spike increased in intercropping spring wheat.
The yield and side effect of single cropping and intercropping Longchun 30 spring wheat were compared under different planting methods and irrigation water levels in Hexi Oasis Irrigation District of Gansu. The results showed that the yield of intercropped spring wheat was 33.12%,28.34% and 20.96% higher than that of monocultured spring wheat under high,medium and low irrigation quotas,and the yield of intercropped spring wheat was 49.06%～72.57%,14.29%～29.87% and 11.39%～13.41% higher than that of monocultured spring wheat at the edge of one row,two rows and three rows,respectively. The yield of single cropping wheat under high irrigation level was 15.3% and 37.8% higher than that of two and three lines at the edge,17.8% and 34.2% higher than that under medium irrigation level,and 14.3% and 17.3% higher than that under low irrigation level. Under intercropping conditions,the yield of High-quota irrigation increased by 74.1%,20.4%,53.4%,79.5% and40.0%,64.7% respectively,compared with two and three lines at the side,while the yield of medium-quota irrigation increased by 53.4%,79.5%,and that of low-quota irrigation increased by 40.0% and 64.7%. The edge advantage was mainly reflected in intercropping. The main reason why intercropping spring wheat is superior to monoculture spring wheat in terms of yield and edge row advantage is that the number of spikes,grains per spike and spikelets per spike increased in intercropping spring wheat.
引文
[1]郝艳如,劳秀容,孟庆强,等.玉米/小麦间作对根系土壤和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(4):20-24.
[2] CHATTERJEE B N, MANDAL B K. Present trends in research on intercropping[J]. Agri.Sci.,1992(62):507-518.
[3]柴良植,刘世铎,李得举.大力发展间作套种提高灌区综合效益[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(2):37-43.
[4]陈阜,逢焕成.冬小麦/春玉米/夏玉米间套作复合群体的高产机理探讨[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(5):12-16.
[5]刘巽浩.华北平原地区麦田两熟的光能利用.作物竞争与产量分析[J].作物学报,1981(1):63-71.
[6]杨春峰.关中灌区间作套种的带型研究[J].西北农林大学学报,1986(2):29-31.
[7]蔡菊云.条带小麦空带宽度与产量关系的研究[J].陕西农业科学,1988(5):11-13.
[8]张海文.现阶段国内节水灌溉技术及问题分析[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(1):16-18.
[9]柴强,黄高宝.河西节水农业的现状评价与重点领域研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(10):216-220.
[10]柴强.甘肃节水农业的成效及发展途径[J].甘肃农业科技,2003(11):3-5.
[11]康绍忠,张建华,梁宗锁,等.控制性交替灌溉———一种新的农田节水调空思路[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(1):1-6.
[12]梁宗锁,康绍忠,胡炜,等.控制性分根交替灌水节水效应[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(4):58-64.
[13] KANG SHAOZHONG, LIANG ZONGSUO,HU WEI,et al. Water use efficiency of controlled alternate irrigation on root-divided maize plant[J]. Agricultural Water Management,1998(38):69-76.
[14]杨文雄,杨长刚,王世红,等.甘肃省小麦生产技术发展现状及建议[J].中国种业,2017(10):14-18.
[15]张俊儒,张磊,刘忠元,等.布劳格小麦育种模式反思与节水专用型品种选育探讨[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(10):63-66.
[16]马小乐,刘露露,司二静,等.节水型春小麦新品种甘春24号选育报告[J].甘肃农业科技,2018(9):34-36.
[17]王立祥,李军.农作学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[2] CHATTERJEE B N, MANDAL B K. Present trends in research on intercropping[J]. Agri.Sci.,1992(62):507-518.
[3]柴良植,刘世铎,李得举.大力发展间作套种提高灌区综合效益[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(2):37-43.
[4]陈阜,逢焕成.冬小麦/春玉米/夏玉米间套作复合群体的高产机理探讨[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(5):12-16.
[5]刘巽浩.华北平原地区麦田两熟的光能利用.作物竞争与产量分析[J].作物学报,1981(1):63-71.
[6]杨春峰.关中灌区间作套种的带型研究[J].西北农林大学学报,1986(2):29-31.
[7]蔡菊云.条带小麦空带宽度与产量关系的研究[J].陕西农业科学,1988(5):11-13.
[8]张海文.现阶段国内节水灌溉技术及问题分析[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(1):16-18.
[9]柴强,黄高宝.河西节水农业的现状评价与重点领域研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(10):216-220.
[10]柴强.甘肃节水农业的成效及发展途径[J].甘肃农业科技,2003(11):3-5.
[11]康绍忠,张建华,梁宗锁,等.控制性交替灌溉———一种新的农田节水调空思路[J].干旱地区农业研究,1997,15(1):1-6.
[12]梁宗锁,康绍忠,胡炜,等.控制性分根交替灌水节水效应[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(4):58-64.
[13] KANG SHAOZHONG, LIANG ZONGSUO,HU WEI,et al. Water use efficiency of controlled alternate irrigation on root-divided maize plant[J]. Agricultural Water Management,1998(38):69-76.
[14]杨文雄,杨长刚,王世红,等.甘肃省小麦生产技术发展现状及建议[J].中国种业,2017(10):14-18.
[15]张俊儒,张磊,刘忠元,等.布劳格小麦育种模式反思与节水专用型品种选育探讨[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(10):63-66.
[16]马小乐,刘露露,司二静,等.节水型春小麦新品种甘春24号选育报告[J].甘肃农业科技,2018(9):34-36.
[17]王立祥,李军.农作学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.