渤海湾盆地海域片麻岩潜山风化壳型储层特征及发育模式
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摘要
渤海湾盆地海域太古代-古元古代片麻岩潜山分布面积巨大,已发现多个油气田,有重要勘探价值。本文综合应用岩心、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜、常规物性、锆石测年、矿物溶蚀模拟等实验手段及统计分析方法落实了渤海片麻岩风化壳型储层地质特征、成因机理及发育模式。研究表明,片麻岩中长英质矿物含量大于70%有利于形成潜山裂缝型优质储层;大气水风化淋滤作用对长石类矿物的溶蚀,形成大量次生孔隙和沿裂缝的溶蚀扩大孔隙,极大改善了片麻岩潜山的储层物性;构造作用产生的断裂和节理不仅可以直接提供储集空间,还可以作为渗流通道加大风化淋滤作用的影响深度和范围,促进深部岩石的溶蚀改造,加速风化过程。上述主控因素指导下建立自上往下发育粘土带、砂化带、砂化砾石带、裂缝带和基岩带的片麻岩风化壳型潜山储层发育模式。
The Archean-Paleoproterozoic gneiss buried hills are both wide-spread and large-sized in the sea area of the Bohai Bay Basin,which are characterized by regional hydrocarbon accumulation. The buried hills have become an important field of oil and gas exploration and many oil and gas fields have been discovered there. The weathering crust of Archean-Paleoproterozoic gneiss buried hills has been proved to be the most favorable reservoir. In this study,analysis of cores,the cast thin slice,X diffraction,scanning electron microscope,conventional physical property,zircon U-Pb dating and mineral dissolution simulation have been applied to reveal the characteristics of the weathering crust reservoir as well as its genetic mechanism and distribution pattern. The lithology,chronology,reservoir physical property and accumulation space of the buried hills have been discussed. Experiments have been carried out to analyses how the dissolution,mineral type and fractures influenced the properties of the reservoir. The results suggested that the gneiss was formed in Archean-Paleoproterozoic Era and characterized by dissolved pores and fractures due to strong tectonic movements. The high content of felsic minerals( above 70%) was a favorable condition for fractured-buried-hill reservoir. As a result of weathering,the felsic minerals dissolved,forming secondary pores and enlarging the fracture space,which contributed to the reservoir physical property. Fractures and joints not only contributed to accumulation space,but also provided percolation pathway which enhanced the influence of weathering,leading to the expanding of dissolving to greater depth and larger area. Based on these controlling factors mentioned above,we established a reservoir distribution pattern of the weathering crust of the gneiss buried hill including the weathering crust were divided into the clay zone,the sand zone,the sand and gravel zone,the fracture zone and the basement from top to bottom.
The Archean-Paleoproterozoic gneiss buried hills are both wide-spread and large-sized in the sea area of the Bohai Bay Basin,which are characterized by regional hydrocarbon accumulation. The buried hills have become an important field of oil and gas exploration and many oil and gas fields have been discovered there. The weathering crust of Archean-Paleoproterozoic gneiss buried hills has been proved to be the most favorable reservoir. In this study,analysis of cores,the cast thin slice,X diffraction,scanning electron microscope,conventional physical property,zircon U-Pb dating and mineral dissolution simulation have been applied to reveal the characteristics of the weathering crust reservoir as well as its genetic mechanism and distribution pattern. The lithology,chronology,reservoir physical property and accumulation space of the buried hills have been discussed. Experiments have been carried out to analyses how the dissolution,mineral type and fractures influenced the properties of the reservoir. The results suggested that the gneiss was formed in Archean-Paleoproterozoic Era and characterized by dissolved pores and fractures due to strong tectonic movements. The high content of felsic minerals( above 70%) was a favorable condition for fractured-buried-hill reservoir. As a result of weathering,the felsic minerals dissolved,forming secondary pores and enlarging the fracture space,which contributed to the reservoir physical property. Fractures and joints not only contributed to accumulation space,but also provided percolation pathway which enhanced the influence of weathering,leading to the expanding of dissolving to greater depth and larger area. Based on these controlling factors mentioned above,we established a reservoir distribution pattern of the weathering crust of the gneiss buried hill including the weathering crust were divided into the clay zone,the sand zone,the sand and gravel zone,the fracture zone and the basement from top to bottom.
引文
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Deng YH and Peng WX.2009.Discovering large buried-hill oil and gas fields of migmatitic granite on Jinzhou 25-1S in Bohai Sea.China Offshore Oil and Gas,21(3):145-150,156(in Chinese with English abstract)
Deng YH.2015.Formation mechanism and exploration practice of largemedium buried-hill oil fields in Bohai Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,36(3):253-261(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dewande B,Lachassagne P,Wyns R et al.2006.A generalized 3-Dgeological and hydrogeological conceptual model of granite aquifers controlled by single or multiphase weathering.Journal of Hydrology,330(1-2):260-284
Dou LR,Wei XD,Wang JC,Li JL,Wang RC and Zhang SH.2015.Characteristics of granitic basement rock buried-hill reservoir in Bongor Basin,Chad.Acta Petrolei Sinica,36(8):897-904,925(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu Q,You YC and Wu Z.2003.Tectonic episodes and reservoir fissure systems in Caotai metamorphic buried hill reservoir.Petroleum Exploration and Development,30(5):18-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao XZ,Chen ZY,Zou ZW,Shan JF,Liu F and Liu BH.2007.Forming conditions and accumulation features of oil pools within the inner of highly buried-hills of Xinglongtai in west sag of Liaohe depression.Journal of China University of Petroleum,31(6):6-9(in Chinese with English abstract)
Genik GJ.1992.Regional framework,structural and petroleum aspects of rift basins in Niger,Chad and the Central African Republic(C.A.R.).Tectonophysics,213(1-2):169-185
Gupta AS and Rao KS.1998.Index properties of weathered rocks:Interrelationships and applicability.Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,57(2):161-172
He DF,Cui YQ,Zhang YY,Shan SQ,Xiao Y,Zhang CB,Zhou CAand Gao Y.2017.Structural genetic types of paleo-buried hill in Jizhong depression,Bohai Bay Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,33(4):1338-1356(in Chinese with English abstract)
Huang ZG,Zhang WQ,Chen JH,Liu RH and He ZC.1996.Red Residuum in Southern China.Beijing:China Ocean Press,50-55(in Chinese)
Jia CZ,Zou CN,Li JZ,Li DH and Zheng M.2012.Assessment criteria,main types,basic features and resource prospects of the tight oil in China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,33(3):343-350(in Chinese with English abstract)
Landes KK,Amoruso JJ,Charlesworth Jr LJ,Heany F and Lesperance PJ.1960.Petroleum resources in basement rocks.AAPG Bulletin,44(10):1682-1691
Levorsen AI.2001.Geology of Petroleum.2ndEdition.Tulsa,Oklahoma:AAPG,286-348
Li DS.1985.Tilted Fault Block-buried Hill Traps:A new type of oil/gas traps in rift-related tensional basins.Oil&Gas Geology,6(4):386-394(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li DS.2000.The progress in the petroleum geology of china towards New Century.Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(2):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li W,Dou LR,Wen ZG,Zhang GY,Cheng DS,Du YB and Hu Y.2017.Buried-hill hydrocarbon genesis and accumulation process in Bongor Basin,Chad.Acta Petrolei Sinica,38(11):1253-1262(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu XJ,Wang QB,Dai LM and Hao YW.2018.Relationship between lithofaceies characteristics and reservoirs of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Laizhouwan sag.Petroleum Geology and Engineering,32(3):1-6(in Chinese)
Ma L,Liu QX,Zhang JL,Wei PS,Chen QL and Zhang HQ.2006.Adiscussion of exploration potentials of basement hydrocarbon reservoir.Natural Gas Industry,26(1):8-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ma YS.2007.Generation mechanism of Puguang gas field in Sichuan Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,28(2):9-14,21(in Chinese with English abstract)
Nguyen TBN,Bae W,Nguyen LA and Dang TQC.2014.A new method for building porosity and permeability models of a fractured granite basement reservoir.Petroleum Science and Technology,32(15):1886-1897
Pan ZX.1983.The significance of unconformities for the migration and accumulation of oil and gas and search for some oil and gas deposits below unconformities.Geological Review,29(4):374-381(in Chinese with English abstract)
Powers S.1922.Reflected buried hills and their importance in petroleum geology.Economic Geology,17(4):233-259
Qiu ZJ and Gong ZS.1999.Petroleum Exploration in China.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,25-30(in Chinese)
Somasundaram S,Mund B,Soni R and Sharda R.2017.Seismic attribute analysis for fracture detection and porosity prediction:Acase study from tight volcanic reservoirs,Barmer Basin,India.The Leading Edge,36(11):947b1-947b7
Song BR,Hu YJ,Bian SZ,Han HD,Cui XD and Zhang J.2011.Reservoir characteristics of the crystal basement in the Xinglongtai buried-hill,Liaohe Depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(1):77-82(in Chinese with English abstract)
Thomas MF.1997.Weathering and landslides in the humid tropics:Ageomorphological perspective.Journal of the Geological Society of China,40(1):1-15
Tong KJ,Zhao CM,Lv ZB,Zhang YC,Zheng H,Xu SN,Wang JL and Pan LL.2012.Reservoir evaluation and fracture characterization of the metamorphic buried hill reservoir in Bohai Bay.Petroleum Exploration and Development,39(1):56-63(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tugˇrul A and Zarif IH.1999.Correlation of mineralogical and textural characteristics with engineering properties of selected granitic rocks from Turkey.Engineering Geology,51(4):303-317
Wang Q,Li FL,Li YD and Gao XL.1986.Discussion on the naming of Quaternary transgressions in west-southern coast plain of Bohai Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,8(1):72-82(in Chinese)
Wyns R,Gourry JC,Baltassat JM and Lebert F.1999.Caracte'risation multiparame`tres des horizons de subsurface(0~100m)en contexte de socle alte're'.In:2e`me Colloque GEOFCAN.Orle'ans,France,105-110
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