南堡凹陷南部古近系深层优质储层成因
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摘要
为阐明深层碎屑岩优质储层形成机制,以南堡凹陷南部古近系碎屑岩储层为例,综合物性资料、铸体薄片、包裹体均一温度、碳氧同位素及X衍射等分析,在储层基本特征与有效储层物性下限研究基础上,分析了储层物性控制因素,解析了优质储层形成机制,建立了不同类型储层成因演化模式,认为不同构造带深层优质储层控制机理差异明显,3号构造带为异常增孔地质作用主控优质储层,而4号构造带则为异常保孔地质作用主控优质储层.研究结果表明:岩石类型以成分成熟度中等的岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩为主;在埋深3 800～4 200 m发育相对高孔高渗优质储层带,且此深层优质储层在3号构造带属于次生孔隙主导型,次生孔隙百分比为50%～83%;在4号构造带属于原生孔隙主导型,原生孔隙百分比为50.0%～92.3%.沉积微相、粒度大小与胶结物含量是3号构造带古近系深层优质储层形成的主控因素;油气充注抑制晚期碳酸盐胶结,碳酸盐和黏土矿物胶结含量低的辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道粗砂和含砾粗砂岩为优质储层形成提供有利物质基础,为后期溶蚀作用的进行提供了空间;溶蚀增孔主导,油气充注和超压保孔辅助为其成因机制.4号构造带优质储层形成受沉积作用控制不明显,油气充注抑制碳酸盐胶结(质量分数小于6%)和异常高压的保孔机制主导,后期溶蚀作用辅助增孔是4号构造带古近系深层优质储层形成机制.
To elucidate the formation mechanism of high-quality reservoirs in the deep burial clastic rocks, samples from the Paleogene deep burial sandstone reservoirs in the southern Nanpu sag were used to study the controlling factors and genetic model of high-quality reservoirs by methods of porosity and permeability, casting thin section, inclusion homogenization temperature, carbon-oxygen isotope and X-ray diffraction analysis, on the basis of the study of the basic characteristics of reservoirs and the lower limit of effective reservoir porosity. It is indicated that the controlling factors of the Paleogene deep burial high-quality reservoirs in different structural belts are obviously different. The No.3 structural belt is controlled by abnormal augmentation geological action, while the No.4 structural belt is controlled by abnormal pore-preserving geological action. The results show that the detrital composition of the Paleogene deep burial sandstones with moderate compositional maturity and structural maturity varies from lithic arkose to feldspathic litharenite. Anomalously deep burial high porosity reservoirs develop at a depth of 3 800—4 200 m. The deep high-quality reservoirs belong to the secondary porosity dominant type in the No.3 structural belt, and the content of secondary pores accounts for 50%—83% of total pore volume. In the No.4 structural belt, the primary porosity is dominant, with the primary pore content ranging from 50.0% to 92.3%. Sedimentary microfacies, grain size and cement content are the main controlling factors for the formation of high-quality reservoirs in the No. 3 structural belt. The coarse sandstones and conglomeratic sandstones with a low content of carbonate and clay minerals cement developed in distributary channel of braided river delta front provide favorable material basis for the organic acid dissolution. The origin of high-quality reservoirs in the No.3 structural belt is explained by the fact that the dissolution dominates the porosity, and petroleum emplacement and fluid overpressure play an auxiliary pore-holding role. Pore-preserving effect of fluid overpressure by inhibiting the compaction and petroleum emplacement by suppressing carbonate cementation(mass fraction of less than 6%) is the main controlling factor for the formation of the high-quality reservoirs in the No.4 structural belt. The early petroleum emplacement and fluid overpressure play a dominant pore-holding role, and the later dissolution enhances reservoir quality.
To elucidate the formation mechanism of high-quality reservoirs in the deep burial clastic rocks, samples from the Paleogene deep burial sandstone reservoirs in the southern Nanpu sag were used to study the controlling factors and genetic model of high-quality reservoirs by methods of porosity and permeability, casting thin section, inclusion homogenization temperature, carbon-oxygen isotope and X-ray diffraction analysis, on the basis of the study of the basic characteristics of reservoirs and the lower limit of effective reservoir porosity. It is indicated that the controlling factors of the Paleogene deep burial high-quality reservoirs in different structural belts are obviously different. The No.3 structural belt is controlled by abnormal augmentation geological action, while the No.4 structural belt is controlled by abnormal pore-preserving geological action. The results show that the detrital composition of the Paleogene deep burial sandstones with moderate compositional maturity and structural maturity varies from lithic arkose to feldspathic litharenite. Anomalously deep burial high porosity reservoirs develop at a depth of 3 800—4 200 m. The deep high-quality reservoirs belong to the secondary porosity dominant type in the No.3 structural belt, and the content of secondary pores accounts for 50%—83% of total pore volume. In the No.4 structural belt, the primary porosity is dominant, with the primary pore content ranging from 50.0% to 92.3%. Sedimentary microfacies, grain size and cement content are the main controlling factors for the formation of high-quality reservoirs in the No. 3 structural belt. The coarse sandstones and conglomeratic sandstones with a low content of carbonate and clay minerals cement developed in distributary channel of braided river delta front provide favorable material basis for the organic acid dissolution. The origin of high-quality reservoirs in the No.3 structural belt is explained by the fact that the dissolution dominates the porosity, and petroleum emplacement and fluid overpressure play an auxiliary pore-holding role. Pore-preserving effect of fluid overpressure by inhibiting the compaction and petroleum emplacement by suppressing carbonate cementation(mass fraction of less than 6%) is the main controlling factor for the formation of the high-quality reservoirs in the No.4 structural belt. The early petroleum emplacement and fluid overpressure play a dominant pore-holding role, and the later dissolution enhances reservoir quality.
引文
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