以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系立法思考
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摘要
实现十九大报告提出的建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的改革目标需要法治保障。建设自然保护地体系涉及的不同生态系统和多个管理部门、多方利益主体,是一个巨大的复杂系统,需要进行整体性、系统性的立法研究。目前,国家正在推进国家公园体制改革并已将《国家公园法》列入十三届全国人大常委会立法计划。更需要我们从自然保护地立法体系建设的高度,正确处理《国家公园法》与未来可能制定的《自然保护地法》的关系,在《国家公园法》制定过程中为今后出台《自然保护地法》预留空间,并建立相应的衔接机制,统筹谋划并协同推进国家公园法与自然保护地立法。
The rule-of-law is necessary to achieve reform goals of establishing a protected area system with national parks as the main body, which was proposed in the Report of the Nineteenth CPC National Congress. The establishment of the protected area system involves various ecosystems, administrative agencies, and stakeholders. It is a very complicated process requiring holistic and systematic legislative research. Currently in China, the State is promoting a reform of the national park system and has listed the National Park Law in the legislative plan of the thirteenth National People's Congress. It is necessary to correctly manage the relationship between the National Park Law and a possible future law of protected areas. Systematic legislation and legislative space for the Law of Protected Areas within the National Park Law are required to establish a connecting mechanism and to coordinate and promote in a concerted manner the National Park Law and the Law of Protected Areas.
The rule-of-law is necessary to achieve reform goals of establishing a protected area system with national parks as the main body, which was proposed in the Report of the Nineteenth CPC National Congress. The establishment of the protected area system involves various ecosystems, administrative agencies, and stakeholders. It is a very complicated process requiring holistic and systematic legislative research. Currently in China, the State is promoting a reform of the national park system and has listed the National Park Law in the legislative plan of the thirteenth National People's Congress. It is necessary to correctly manage the relationship between the National Park Law and a possible future law of protected areas. Systematic legislation and legislative space for the Law of Protected Areas within the National Park Law are required to establish a connecting mechanism and to coordinate and promote in a concerted manner the National Park Law and the Law of Protected Areas.
引文
Grazia BF,Nigel D,Tilman J,Barbara L(translated by Zhu CQ,Li Y,Zhao YT)(2016)IUCN Governance of Protected Areas-From Understanding to Action.China Forestry Publishing House,Beijing.(in Chinese)[Grazia BF,Nigel D,Tilman J,Barbara L(朱春全,李叶,赵云涛译)(2016)IUCN自然保护地治理--从理解到行动.中国林业出版社,北京.]
Lausche B(translated by Wang X,Lu K,Tang T)(2016)Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation.Law Press China,Beijing.(in Chinese)[Lausche B(王曦,卢锟,唐瑭译)(2016)保护地立法指南.法律出版社,北京.]
Li BY,Li JS,Wei DY,Zhu YP(2017)International experience in legislation of national parks and enlightenments to China.Environment and Sustainable Development,42(5),20-23.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李博炎,李俊生,蔚东英,朱彦鹏(2017)国际经验对我国国家公园立法的启示.环境与可持续发展,42(5),20-23.]
Li JH(2019)From national park to park country:Dialogue with Jianlong Zhang,Member of the CPPCC National Committee and Director of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.Journal of CPPCC,2019-3-10(09).(in Chinese)[李将辉(2019)从国家公园,到公园国家--对话全国政协委员、国家林业和草原局局长张建龙.人民政协报,2019-3-10期第9版.]
Lü ZM(2018)Thinking on the research of environmental law in the new era.Journal of CUPL,(4),5-14.(in Chinese)[吕忠梅(2018)新时代环境法学研究思考.中国政法大学学报,(4),5-14.]
Lü ZM(2019)Thinking on the legislation of natural protected areas.Environmental Protection,47(3/4),20-23.(in Chinese)[吕忠梅(2019)关于自然保护地立法的新思考.环境保护,47(3/4),20-23.]
Qin TB(2018)Several dimensions on national parks legislation in China.Environmental Protection,46(1),41-44.(in Chinese)[秦天宝(2018)论我国国家公园立法的几个维度.环境保护,46(1),41-44.]
Sun YH,Chen SY(2004)Proof of making Law of Natural Reserve.Environmental Protection,32(3),7-12.(in Chinese)[孙佑海,陈少云(2004)关于制定《自然保护区法》的论证.环境保护,32(3),7-12.]
Tang FL(2018)National parks enter a new era of development in China.China Green Times,2018-4-2(03).(in Chinese)[唐芳林(2018)中国国家公园发展进入新纪元.中国绿色时报,2018-4-2第3版.]
Zhang ZW,Yang R(2016)Discussions on the legislation of Chinese national parks and protected areas.Chinese Landscape Architecture,32(2),70-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张振威,杨锐(2016)中国国家公园与自然保护地立法若干问题探讨.中国园林,32(2),70-73.]
Lausche B(translated by Wang X,Lu K,Tang T)(2016)Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation.Law Press China,Beijing.(in Chinese)[Lausche B(王曦,卢锟,唐瑭译)(2016)保护地立法指南.法律出版社,北京.]
Li BY,Li JS,Wei DY,Zhu YP(2017)International experience in legislation of national parks and enlightenments to China.Environment and Sustainable Development,42(5),20-23.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李博炎,李俊生,蔚东英,朱彦鹏(2017)国际经验对我国国家公园立法的启示.环境与可持续发展,42(5),20-23.]
Li JH(2019)From national park to park country:Dialogue with Jianlong Zhang,Member of the CPPCC National Committee and Director of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.Journal of CPPCC,2019-3-10(09).(in Chinese)[李将辉(2019)从国家公园,到公园国家--对话全国政协委员、国家林业和草原局局长张建龙.人民政协报,2019-3-10期第9版.]
Lü ZM(2018)Thinking on the research of environmental law in the new era.Journal of CUPL,(4),5-14.(in Chinese)[吕忠梅(2018)新时代环境法学研究思考.中国政法大学学报,(4),5-14.]
Lü ZM(2019)Thinking on the legislation of natural protected areas.Environmental Protection,47(3/4),20-23.(in Chinese)[吕忠梅(2019)关于自然保护地立法的新思考.环境保护,47(3/4),20-23.]
Qin TB(2018)Several dimensions on national parks legislation in China.Environmental Protection,46(1),41-44.(in Chinese)[秦天宝(2018)论我国国家公园立法的几个维度.环境保护,46(1),41-44.]
Sun YH,Chen SY(2004)Proof of making Law of Natural Reserve.Environmental Protection,32(3),7-12.(in Chinese)[孙佑海,陈少云(2004)关于制定《自然保护区法》的论证.环境保护,32(3),7-12.]
Tang FL(2018)National parks enter a new era of development in China.China Green Times,2018-4-2(03).(in Chinese)[唐芳林(2018)中国国家公园发展进入新纪元.中国绿色时报,2018-4-2第3版.]
Zhang ZW,Yang R(2016)Discussions on the legislation of Chinese national parks and protected areas.Chinese Landscape Architecture,32(2),70-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张振威,杨锐(2016)中国国家公园与自然保护地立法若干问题探讨.中国园林,32(2),70-73.]