珠三角旅游资源竞争力与旅游业发展水平的效度分析
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摘要
珠三角区间旅游资源评价选取8个指标,8个指标分重点景区、综合景区和特色景区三种类型;旅游业发展水平评价从旅游市场、旅游企业状况、社会环境状况三个方面选取了5个评价指标,然后利用熵权和TOPSIS法对珠三角区间旅游资源竞争力与旅游业发展水平进行绩效对比,研究表明:①具有稀缺性且较高等级旅游资源的城市竞争力单向排名靠前,但综合排名不一定靠前,如江门因为有世界遗产,所以在重点景区层次权重获得最大值,但江门旅游资源整体竞争力却排第四。②珠三角城市旅游资源综合竞争力排名最高的为深圳,其次为广州,两地并列为旅游资源第一等级;惠州、江门、肇庆3城市以自然旅游资源为主,竞争力得分值低于1.5,高于1.0,可归为第二等级;佛山、东莞、珠海、中山为旅游资源欠缺地区,得分值都低于1.0,为第三等级。③广州、深圳旅游业发展水平最高,珠海与江门次之,Ci值都在0.25以上,且非常接近;肇庆、惠州、佛山、东莞Ci值都低于0.2,中山排最后;④旅游资源开发效度最好的是珠海、广州,两者效度值G都达到2,深圳次之,超过1,说明旅游资源与旅游业匹配非常好;江门、东莞、佛山、肇庆4城市G值超过0.5,中山、惠州2城市G值排名最后,低于0.5,以上6个城市旅游业发展水平都未能匹配好当地旅游资源价值,旅游业还可以大力开发与建设。
Eight indicators are selected for the evaluation of tourism resources in the Pearl River Delta, which are divided into three types: key scenic spots, comprehensive scenic spots and characteristic scenic spots.Five evaluation indicators are selected for the evaluation of tourism development level from three aspects: tourism market, tourism enterprises and social environment. Then this study applies the entropy weight method and TOPSIS method to measure the competitiveness of tourism resources and tourism development level. The results are as follows: 1)The urban competitiveness of city with scarce and high-level tourism resources which one-way ranking is not proportional to its comprehensive ranking is Jiangmen. 2) Shenzhen ranked highest in the tourism resource competitiveness of Pearl River Delta region, the next is Guangzhou, they are both in high level on the comprehensive competitiveness; Huizhou,Jiangmen and Zhaoqing have lots of natural tourism resources and their competitiveness scores are between 1.5 and 1,which is in middle level; Foshan, Dongguan, Zhuhai and Zhongshan which scores are lower than 1 are lack of tourism resources. 3) The tourism development level in Guangzhou and Shenzhen is the highest, Zhuhai and Jiangmen close to them, their Civalues are all above 0.25. Zhaoqing, Huizhou, Foshan and Dongguan are all below 0.2, Zhongshan ranks last. 4) The development validity of tourism resources is the best in Zhuhai and Guangzhou which validity values are both above 2, the next is Shenzhen which value is 1, it indicates that tourism resources and tourism industry are in a good match in these three cities; Zhongshan and Huizhou are both less than 0.5 and rank last, the tourism industry is not up to the actual tourism resources in Jiangmen, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhaoqing, Zhongshan and Huizhou, the tourism industry should be developed and constructed vigorously.
Eight indicators are selected for the evaluation of tourism resources in the Pearl River Delta, which are divided into three types: key scenic spots, comprehensive scenic spots and characteristic scenic spots.Five evaluation indicators are selected for the evaluation of tourism development level from three aspects: tourism market, tourism enterprises and social environment. Then this study applies the entropy weight method and TOPSIS method to measure the competitiveness of tourism resources and tourism development level. The results are as follows: 1)The urban competitiveness of city with scarce and high-level tourism resources which one-way ranking is not proportional to its comprehensive ranking is Jiangmen. 2) Shenzhen ranked highest in the tourism resource competitiveness of Pearl River Delta region, the next is Guangzhou, they are both in high level on the comprehensive competitiveness; Huizhou,Jiangmen and Zhaoqing have lots of natural tourism resources and their competitiveness scores are between 1.5 and 1,which is in middle level; Foshan, Dongguan, Zhuhai and Zhongshan which scores are lower than 1 are lack of tourism resources. 3) The tourism development level in Guangzhou and Shenzhen is the highest, Zhuhai and Jiangmen close to them, their Civalues are all above 0.25. Zhaoqing, Huizhou, Foshan and Dongguan are all below 0.2, Zhongshan ranks last. 4) The development validity of tourism resources is the best in Zhuhai and Guangzhou which validity values are both above 2, the next is Shenzhen which value is 1, it indicates that tourism resources and tourism industry are in a good match in these three cities; Zhongshan and Huizhou are both less than 0.5 and rank last, the tourism industry is not up to the actual tourism resources in Jiangmen, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhaoqing, Zhongshan and Huizhou, the tourism industry should be developed and constructed vigorously.
引文
[1]徐淑梅.区域旅游竞争力基本理论与评价体系研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2006.
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[3]王莹.提高我国国际旅游竞争力的对策[J].商业经济与管理,1998(3):61-63.
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[7]黄远水,赵黎明.风景名胜区旅游竞争力的构成和来源[J].旅游学刊,2005(5):62-66.
[8]温碧燕,梁明珠.基于因素分析的区域旅游竞争力评价模型研究[J].旅游学刊,2007(2):18-22.
[9]李雪鹏,李红波,杨成方.辽宁省城市旅游竞争力区域分异[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:社会科学版,2010,12(1):23-26.
[10]丁蕾,吴小根,汤澍.城市旅游竞争力区域分异研究——以江苏省为例[J].广西社会科学,2008(8):84-86.
[11]周礼,蒋金亮.长三角城市旅游竞争力综合评价及其空间分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(1):173-179.
[12]李松柏.环太湖城市旅游竞争力与区域旅游合作研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(2):180-186.
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[15]张洪,张燕.基于加权TOPSIS法的旅游资源区际竞争力比较研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(5):500-505.
[16]李振亭,马耀峰,李创新.基于旅游竞争力效度的中国省级旅游区旅游发展态研究[J].资源科学,2009,31(3):450-455.
[17]张洪,潘辉,杨燕.旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系实证分析——以安徽省17地市为例[J].资源开发与市场,2012(11):1 046-1 049.
[18]丁佳,边世平.环青海湖地区文化旅游资源竞争力评价分析[J].青海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,31(1):84-90.
[19]张广海,王佳.我国旅游资源竞争力综合评价及其开发类型研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2013(2):43-50.
[20]罗文斌,汪友结,吴一洲,等.基于TOPSIS法的城市旅游与城市发展协调性评价研究[J].旅游学刊,2008,12(23):13-14.
[21]周成,冯学钢、唐睿.区域经济—生态环境—旅游产业耦合协调发展分析与预测——以长江经济带沿线省市为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(3):186-193.
[22]把多勋,徐金海,杨志国.甘肃省14城市旅游竞争力比较研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):194-199.
[23]贾慧敏.安徽省旅游资源价值与旅游业竞争力评价研究[J].技术经济,2009,28(10):98-101.
[24]王兆峰.区域旅游产业竞争力评价指标体系的构建[J].经济管理,2009,464(8):33-38.
[25]舒波,郝美梅.基于熵权TOPSIS法的旅游上市公司绩效评价[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2009(9):46-50.
[26]左军.多目标决策分析[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1991:88-91.
[27]刘玉秀,徐少青. TOPSIS法用于医院工作质量的多指标综合评价[J].中国卫生统计,1993,10(2):12-13.
[28]韩增林,刘天宝.中国地级以上城市城市化质量特征及空间差异[J].地理研究,2009,28(6):1508-1515.
[29]蒋大亮,杨铀,任则沛,等.基于TOPSIS法的非洲区域经济社会综合发展水平评价[J].热带地理,2015,35(2):242-249.
[2]阮思阳.广西国际旅游竞争力培植策略初探[J].计划与市场探索,1998(3):25-27.
[3]王莹.提高我国国际旅游竞争力的对策[J].商业经济与管理,1998(3):61-63.
[4]王国红,李葆盛.提升广西旅游竞争力的战略构想[J].广西大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2000(4):38-41.
[5]陈建斌.区域旅游竞争力分析[J].广东商学院学报,2001(3):51-53.
[6]陈兆坤.我国城市旅游竞争力提升及发展战略选择[J].经济师,2001(11):52-53.
[7]黄远水,赵黎明.风景名胜区旅游竞争力的构成和来源[J].旅游学刊,2005(5):62-66.
[8]温碧燕,梁明珠.基于因素分析的区域旅游竞争力评价模型研究[J].旅游学刊,2007(2):18-22.
[9]李雪鹏,李红波,杨成方.辽宁省城市旅游竞争力区域分异[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:社会科学版,2010,12(1):23-26.
[10]丁蕾,吴小根,汤澍.城市旅游竞争力区域分异研究——以江苏省为例[J].广西社会科学,2008(8):84-86.
[11]周礼,蒋金亮.长三角城市旅游竞争力综合评价及其空间分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(1):173-179.
[12]李松柏.环太湖城市旅游竞争力与区域旅游合作研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(2):180-186.
[13]李蓓,汪德根.江苏省旅游资源竞争力区际比较研究[J].资源开发与市场,2006,22(6):506-509.
[14]高言铃,严艳.河南省旅游资源竞争力区际比较研究[J].江西农业学报,2008,20(6):144-147.
[15]张洪,张燕.基于加权TOPSIS法的旅游资源区际竞争力比较研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(5):500-505.
[16]李振亭,马耀峰,李创新.基于旅游竞争力效度的中国省级旅游区旅游发展态研究[J].资源科学,2009,31(3):450-455.
[17]张洪,潘辉,杨燕.旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系实证分析——以安徽省17地市为例[J].资源开发与市场,2012(11):1 046-1 049.
[18]丁佳,边世平.环青海湖地区文化旅游资源竞争力评价分析[J].青海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,31(1):84-90.
[19]张广海,王佳.我国旅游资源竞争力综合评价及其开发类型研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2013(2):43-50.
[20]罗文斌,汪友结,吴一洲,等.基于TOPSIS法的城市旅游与城市发展协调性评价研究[J].旅游学刊,2008,12(23):13-14.
[21]周成,冯学钢、唐睿.区域经济—生态环境—旅游产业耦合协调发展分析与预测——以长江经济带沿线省市为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(3):186-193.
[22]把多勋,徐金海,杨志国.甘肃省14城市旅游竞争力比较研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):194-199.
[23]贾慧敏.安徽省旅游资源价值与旅游业竞争力评价研究[J].技术经济,2009,28(10):98-101.
[24]王兆峰.区域旅游产业竞争力评价指标体系的构建[J].经济管理,2009,464(8):33-38.
[25]舒波,郝美梅.基于熵权TOPSIS法的旅游上市公司绩效评价[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2009(9):46-50.
[26]左军.多目标决策分析[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1991:88-91.
[27]刘玉秀,徐少青. TOPSIS法用于医院工作质量的多指标综合评价[J].中国卫生统计,1993,10(2):12-13.
[28]韩增林,刘天宝.中国地级以上城市城市化质量特征及空间差异[J].地理研究,2009,28(6):1508-1515.
[29]蒋大亮,杨铀,任则沛,等.基于TOPSIS法的非洲区域经济社会综合发展水平评价[J].热带地理,2015,35(2):242-249.