塔里木盆地中秋1凝析气藏成藏条件及演化过程
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摘要
2018年12月,塔里木盆地秋里塔格构造带天然气勘探取得重大突破,中秋1井在下白垩统巴什基奇克组测试获高产工业气流,发现了该构造带迄今为止最大的整装凝析气藏。为了给该构造带下一步油气勘探部署提供依据,在充分利用前人研究成果的基础上,基于岩心、薄片、测井及地球化学分析资料,明确了中秋1大型凝析气藏的油气藏特征和气藏类型,分析了该气藏天然气成藏条件并推演其演化过程。研究结果表明:①中秋1大型气藏属于低含凝析油凝析气藏,天然气为煤成气,主要来自区内侏罗系腐殖型煤系烃源岩;②该构造带能够形成大型油气藏的有利地质条件是三叠系和侏罗系发育的两套巨厚高演化烃源岩、白垩系发育的大型辫状河三角洲规模有效砂岩储层、喜马拉雅晚期以来的构造活动形成的大规模楔状叠瓦构造圈闭、古近系和新近系巨厚膏盐岩形成的优越保存条件,以及油气生成与圈闭形成的良好时空匹配;③该气藏具有先油后气、晚期快速气侵聚集成藏的成藏模式,总体上是一个"早期聚油、晚期气侵、改造调整、快速成藏"的成藏过程。结论认为,该构造带油气成藏条件优越,具有广阔的油气勘探前景。
In December 2018, a high-yield industrial gas flow was achieved in the test of Well ZQ1 from the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Fm,which was a major breakthrough in natural gas exploration in the Qiulitage structural belt of the Tarim Basin, where the largest condensate gas reservoir has been discovered so far. In order to provide evidences for further oil and gas exploration in this structural belt, this paper made full use of the previous research results, based on the core, thin section, logging and geochemical analysis data of this well,clarified the types and characteristics of this gas reservoir. Also, the gas accumulation conditions of this gas reservoir was analyzed,a gas accumulation model was established, and its evolution process was then deduced. The following results were presented.(1) The ZQ1 large gas reservoir belongs to a condensate gas reservoir with condensate oil, and with coal-derived gas mainly derived from the Jurassic humus-type coal-series source rocks in this area.(2) The geological conditions in this structural belt include the super-thick and high-revolutionary source rocks developed in the Triassic and Jurassic, large effective sandstone reservoirs developed in the Cretaceous large braided river delta, large wedge-shaped tectonic traps that formed due to tectonic activities since the late Himalayan period, and Paleogene and Neogene thick salt rocks provide superior preservation conditions for the gas reservoir formation and good time–space matching of hydrocarbon generation and trap formation.(3) The "first oil and then gas" accumulation process of this condensate reservoir is overally characterized by "oil accumulated at the earlier stage, gas invasion at the later stage, and rapid pooling". It is concluded that hydrocarbon accumulation conditions are superior in the Qiulitage structural belt and it has broad prospects of oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin. In conclusion, this structural belt with favorable oil and gas conditions presents a good hydrocarbon exploration prospect.
In December 2018, a high-yield industrial gas flow was achieved in the test of Well ZQ1 from the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Fm,which was a major breakthrough in natural gas exploration in the Qiulitage structural belt of the Tarim Basin, where the largest condensate gas reservoir has been discovered so far. In order to provide evidences for further oil and gas exploration in this structural belt, this paper made full use of the previous research results, based on the core, thin section, logging and geochemical analysis data of this well,clarified the types and characteristics of this gas reservoir. Also, the gas accumulation conditions of this gas reservoir was analyzed,a gas accumulation model was established, and its evolution process was then deduced. The following results were presented.(1) The ZQ1 large gas reservoir belongs to a condensate gas reservoir with condensate oil, and with coal-derived gas mainly derived from the Jurassic humus-type coal-series source rocks in this area.(2) The geological conditions in this structural belt include the super-thick and high-revolutionary source rocks developed in the Triassic and Jurassic, large effective sandstone reservoirs developed in the Cretaceous large braided river delta, large wedge-shaped tectonic traps that formed due to tectonic activities since the late Himalayan period, and Paleogene and Neogene thick salt rocks provide superior preservation conditions for the gas reservoir formation and good time–space matching of hydrocarbon generation and trap formation.(3) The "first oil and then gas" accumulation process of this condensate reservoir is overally characterized by "oil accumulated at the earlier stage, gas invasion at the later stage, and rapid pooling". It is concluded that hydrocarbon accumulation conditions are superior in the Qiulitage structural belt and it has broad prospects of oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin. In conclusion, this structural belt with favorable oil and gas conditions presents a good hydrocarbon exploration prospect.
引文
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[2]杨敏,赵一民,闫磊,李洪辉,张欣欣,徐振平,等.塔里木盆地东秋里塔格构造带构造特征及其油气地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(6):826-833.Yang Min,Zhao Yimin,Yan Lei,Li Honghui,Zhang Xinxin,Xu Zhenping,et al.Structural features of the eastern Qiulitage tectonic belt and petroleum geological significance[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(6):826-833.
[3]徐振平,谢会文,李勇,雷刚林,吴超,能源.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带盐下差异构造变形特征及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(6):1034-1038.Xu Zhenping,Xie Huiwen,Li Yong,Lei Ganglin,Wu Chao&Neng Yuan.Characteristics and controlling factors of the subsalt differential structure in the Kelasu structural belt,Kuqa Depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(6):1034-1038.
[4]杨明慧,金之钧,吕修祥,孙冬胜,彭更新,雷刚林,等.塔里木盆地库车褶皱冲断带的构造特征与油气聚集[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(4):1-4.Yang Minghui,Jin Zhijun,LüXiuxiang,Sun Dongsheng,Peng Gengxin,Lei Ganglin,et al.Structural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation of Kuche fold-thrust belts,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2004,19(4):1-4.
[5]王招明.试论库车前陆冲断带构造顶蓬效应[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):671-677.Wang Zhaoming.Discussion of ceiling effect in foreland thrust belt of Kuqa Depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):671-677.
[6]杜金虎,王招明,胡素云,王清华,谢会文.库车前陆冲断带深层大气区形成条件与地质特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):385-393.Du Jinhu,Wang Zhaoming,Hu Suyun,Wang Qinghua&Xie Huiwen.Formation and geological characteristics of deep giant gas provinces in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt,Tarim Basin,NWChina[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):385-393.
[7]王招明.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏盐下深层大气藏形成机制与富集规律[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(2):153-166.Wang Zhaoming.Formation mechanism and enrichment regularities of Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(2):153-166.
[8]郭利果,肖贤明,田辉.原油裂解气与干酪根裂解气差异实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(4):428-436.Guo Liguo,Xiao Xianming&Tian Hui.Laboratory studies of differences between oil-derived and kerogen maturation gases[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(4):428-436.
[9]戴金星.天然气中烷烃气碳同位素研究的意义[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):1-6.Dai Jinxing.Significance of the study on carbon isotopes of alkane gases[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):1-6.
[10]刘春,张惠良,韩波,张荣虎,陈戈.库车坳陷大北地区深部碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):504-512.Liu Chun,Zhang Huiliang,Han Bo,Zhang Ronghu&Chen Ge.Reservoir characteristics and control factors of deep-burial clastic rocks in Dabei zone of Kuche Sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(4):504-512.
[11]刘春,张荣虎,张惠良,黄伟,莫涛,周露.致密砂岩储层微孔隙成因类型及地质意义:以库车前陆冲断带超深层储层为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):150-159.Liu Chun,Zhang Ronghu,Zhang Huiliang,Huang Wei,Mo Tao&Zhou Lu.Genetic types and geological significance of micro pores in tight sandstone reservoirs:A case study of the ultra-deep reservoir in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt,NW China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):150-159.
[12]刘春,张荣虎,张惠良,王波,黄伟.塔里木盆地库车前陆冲断带不同构造样式裂缝发育规律:证据来自野外构造裂缝露头观测[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(1):52-61.Liu Chun,Zhang Ronghu,Zhang Huiliang,Wang Bo&Huang Wei.Fracture development of different structural styles in Kuqa foreland thrust belt:From outcrop observation of structural fracture[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(1):52-61.
[13]刘春,张荣虎,张惠良,王俊鹏,莫涛,王珂,等.库车前陆冲断带多尺度裂缝成因及其储集意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(3):463-472.Liu Chun,Zhang Ronghu,Zhang Huiliang,Wang Junpeng,Mo Tao,Wang Ke,et al.Genesis and reservoir significance of multi-scale natural fractures in Kuqa foreland thrust belt,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(3):463-472.
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