塔里木盆地秋里塔格构造带双复杂构造地震处理技术
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摘要
塔里木盆地秋里塔格构造带是重要的天然气勘探领域,但由于地面、地腹地质条件复杂,地震资料信噪比低,造成构造不落实,影响了对该构造带的勘探进程。为此,在高精度地震采集数据的基础上,针对山前带地表、地腹双复杂构造,开展针对性的地震处理技术攻关,形成了极低信噪比条件下叠前深度偏移成像技术系列,并开展了现场应用及效果分析。研究结果表明:①形成了山地高陡地区复杂地表高精度综合静校正技术、低信噪比条件下的保真去噪技术和起伏地表叠前深度偏移处理技术系列,极大地提高了秋里塔格构造带三维地震资料品质;②明确了白垩系及其下伏地层以基底卷入式形变,并沿中新统吉迪克组、古新统—渐新统库姆格列木群膏盐层或膏泥层顶板滑脱,F1断层上盘发育中秋、东秋等构造,下盘发育断块构造;③精准落实了中秋①等5个圈闭,总面积为125 km~2,其中中秋①构造的圈闭面积为20 km~2,圈闭可靠度高,具有风险勘探价值;④支撑部署实施的中秋1风险井在下白垩统巴什基奇克组获得天然气勘探重大突破。结论认为:①所形成的双复杂构造处理系列技术提高了构造解释精度,主要目的层井震相对误差为0.5%,对类似地质条件具有良好的推广应用前景;②秋里塔格构造带勘探面积大,类似有待勘探的构造、圈闭多,具有巨大的油气勘探潜力。
The Qiulitage structural belt, Tarim Basin, presents a great potential for hydrocarbon resources, but due to its complex ground surface, hinterland conditions and low signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs) of seismic data, further exploration there has been seriously affected.To this end, on the basis of high-precision seismic data collection, we carried out seismic processing technologies especially for the double complex structure of the piedmont belt surface and ground belly, then formed a series of imaging techniques for pre-stack depth migration under very low SNR conditions, and finally carried out field application and effect analysis. The results show that:(1) The quality of 3 D seismic data in the Qiulitage tectonic belt is significantly improved with the assistance of high-precision integrated static correction techniques, fidelity de-noising techniques under low SNR conditions, and pre-stack depth migration processing techniques for undulating surface.(2) It is clear that the Cretaceous and its underlying strata are of base-involved deformation, and slip along the top of the salt–salt or salt–mud layers of the Miocene Jidike Fm and the Palaeocene–Oligocene Kumglimu Group, where the ZQ and DQ structures are developed in the upper wall of F1 Fault while fault blocks in the lower wall of F1 Fault.(3) The ZQ ① structure and other 4 traps are confirmed, which covers a total area of 125 km~2. The trap area of the ZQ ① is 20 km~2 with high reliability and risk exploration value.(4) In the deployed ZQ1 wildcat well, a major breakthrough was made in natural gas exploration in the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Fm. In conclusion, the processing technology for double complex structure improves the accuracy of structure interpretation with a relative error of the main target zone being only 0.5%, which shows a good prospect of popularization and application to similar geological conditions. The Qiulitage structural belt has a great potential for gas exploration with a large area of many similar structures and traps to be explored.
The Qiulitage structural belt, Tarim Basin, presents a great potential for hydrocarbon resources, but due to its complex ground surface, hinterland conditions and low signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs) of seismic data, further exploration there has been seriously affected.To this end, on the basis of high-precision seismic data collection, we carried out seismic processing technologies especially for the double complex structure of the piedmont belt surface and ground belly, then formed a series of imaging techniques for pre-stack depth migration under very low SNR conditions, and finally carried out field application and effect analysis. The results show that:(1) The quality of 3 D seismic data in the Qiulitage tectonic belt is significantly improved with the assistance of high-precision integrated static correction techniques, fidelity de-noising techniques under low SNR conditions, and pre-stack depth migration processing techniques for undulating surface.(2) It is clear that the Cretaceous and its underlying strata are of base-involved deformation, and slip along the top of the salt–salt or salt–mud layers of the Miocene Jidike Fm and the Palaeocene–Oligocene Kumglimu Group, where the ZQ and DQ structures are developed in the upper wall of F1 Fault while fault blocks in the lower wall of F1 Fault.(3) The ZQ ① structure and other 4 traps are confirmed, which covers a total area of 125 km~2. The trap area of the ZQ ① is 20 km~2 with high reliability and risk exploration value.(4) In the deployed ZQ1 wildcat well, a major breakthrough was made in natural gas exploration in the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Fm. In conclusion, the processing technology for double complex structure improves the accuracy of structure interpretation with a relative error of the main target zone being only 0.5%, which shows a good prospect of popularization and application to similar geological conditions. The Qiulitage structural belt has a great potential for gas exploration with a large area of many similar structures and traps to be explored.
引文
[1]杜金虎,田军,李国欣,杨海军,张义杰,李勇,等.库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带的战略突破与前景展望[J].中国石油勘探,2019,24(1):16-23.Du Jinhu,Tian Jun,Li Guoxin,Yang Haijun,Zhang Yijie,Li Yong,et al.Strategic breakthrough and prospect of Qiulitag structural belt in Kuqa Depression[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2019,24(1):16-23.
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[8]屈元,刁永波,李睿宁,张明柱,宋继胜.复杂地表单点检波器成像处理技术探讨[J].物探化探计算技术,2018,40(4):447-452.Qu Yuan,Diao Yongbo,Li Ruining,Zhang Mingzhu&Song Jisheng.The imaging processing technology discussion of the single point detector in complex surface[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2018,40(4):447-452.
[9]段文胜,李飞,王彦春,王春和,党青宁.面向宽方位地震处理的炮检距向量片技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):206-213.Duan Wensheng,Li Fei,Wang Yanchun,Wang Chunhe&Dang Qingning.Offset vector tile for wide-azimuth seismic processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting.2013,48(2):206-213.
[10]段文胜,李世吉,黄录忠,彭更新.OVT域叠前偏移衰减多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊1):36-41.Duan Wensheng,Li Shiji,Huang Luzhong&Peng Gengxin.OVT domain prestack migration attenuates multiples[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(S1):36-41.
[11]刘治凡.基于浮动基准面的两步法静校正[J].石油物探,1998,37(1):136-142.Liu Zhifan.Two-step static correction citation based on floating datum[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1998,37(1):136-142.
[12]苏勤,吕彬,田彦灿,王西文,王宇超.浮动面叠前深度偏移法在山前带复杂构造成像中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(5):560-563.Su Qin,LüBin,Tian Yancan,Wang Xiwen&Wang Yuchao.Application of floating surface prestack depth migration in imaging of complex structures in piedmont zone[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(5):560-563.
[13]王棣,马秀红,崔兴福,杨昊.偏移距规则化技术在叠前时间偏移中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1):44-47.Wang Di,Ma Xiuhong,Cui Xingfu&Yang Hao.Application of prestack offset regularization in prestack time migration[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(1):44-47.
[14]段文胜,王鹏,党青宁,姚晓龙,彭更新,雷雪.应用匹配追踪傅里叶插值技术实现OVT域连片处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):669-677.Duan Wensheng,Wang Peng,Dang Qingning,Yao Xiaolong,Peng Gengxin&Lei Xue.5D data regularization based on matching pursuit Fourier interpolation for the OVT domain data merging processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(4):669-677.
[15]王翠华,何光明,张帆.三维叠前深度偏移技术在川中地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):72-75.Wang Cuihua,He Guangming&Zhang Fan.Application of3D-PSDM(Pre-Stack Depth Migration)technique in central Sichuan area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(S1):72-75.
[2]田军.塔里木盆地油气勘探成果与勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,2019,39(1):1-10.Tian Jun.Petroleum exploration achievements and future targets of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2019,39(1):1-10.
[3]王振彪,孙雄伟,肖香姣.超深超高压裂缝性致密砂岩气藏高效开发技术--以塔里木盆地克拉苏气田为例[J].天然气工业,2018,38(4):87-95.Wang Zhenbiao,Sun Xiongwei&Xiao Xiangjiao.Efficient development technologies for ultradeep,overpressured and fractured sandstone gas reservoirs:A cased study of the Kelasu Gas Field in the Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(4):87-95.
[4]刘加元,刘峰,高贵洪,关增武,吕波.英买力气田群部分井出砂原因分析[J].天然气工业,2008,28(10):18-20.Liu Jiayuan,Liu Feng,Gao Guihong,Guan Zengwu&LüBo.Reason analysis on sand production in some wells of the Yengimalla gas field cluster[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(10):18-20.
[5]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1990.Lu Jimeng.Principle of seismic exploration[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1990.
[6]曹务祥.检波器组合问题的分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):505-510.Cao Wuxiang.Analysis on the problems of geophone array[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):505-510.
[7]张智,李飞,黄志芳.地震勘探中检波器组合特性研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2117-2119.Zhang Zhi,Li Fei&Huang Zhifang.Study on character of geophone array in seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(6):2117-2119.
[8]屈元,刁永波,李睿宁,张明柱,宋继胜.复杂地表单点检波器成像处理技术探讨[J].物探化探计算技术,2018,40(4):447-452.Qu Yuan,Diao Yongbo,Li Ruining,Zhang Mingzhu&Song Jisheng.The imaging processing technology discussion of the single point detector in complex surface[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2018,40(4):447-452.
[9]段文胜,李飞,王彦春,王春和,党青宁.面向宽方位地震处理的炮检距向量片技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):206-213.Duan Wensheng,Li Fei,Wang Yanchun,Wang Chunhe&Dang Qingning.Offset vector tile for wide-azimuth seismic processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting.2013,48(2):206-213.
[10]段文胜,李世吉,黄录忠,彭更新.OVT域叠前偏移衰减多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊1):36-41.Duan Wensheng,Li Shiji,Huang Luzhong&Peng Gengxin.OVT domain prestack migration attenuates multiples[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(S1):36-41.
[11]刘治凡.基于浮动基准面的两步法静校正[J].石油物探,1998,37(1):136-142.Liu Zhifan.Two-step static correction citation based on floating datum[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1998,37(1):136-142.
[12]苏勤,吕彬,田彦灿,王西文,王宇超.浮动面叠前深度偏移法在山前带复杂构造成像中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(5):560-563.Su Qin,LüBin,Tian Yancan,Wang Xiwen&Wang Yuchao.Application of floating surface prestack depth migration in imaging of complex structures in piedmont zone[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(5):560-563.
[13]王棣,马秀红,崔兴福,杨昊.偏移距规则化技术在叠前时间偏移中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1):44-47.Wang Di,Ma Xiuhong,Cui Xingfu&Yang Hao.Application of prestack offset regularization in prestack time migration[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(1):44-47.
[14]段文胜,王鹏,党青宁,姚晓龙,彭更新,雷雪.应用匹配追踪傅里叶插值技术实现OVT域连片处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):669-677.Duan Wensheng,Wang Peng,Dang Qingning,Yao Xiaolong,Peng Gengxin&Lei Xue.5D data regularization based on matching pursuit Fourier interpolation for the OVT domain data merging processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(4):669-677.
[15]王翠华,何光明,张帆.三维叠前深度偏移技术在川中地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):72-75.Wang Cuihua,He Guangming&Zhang Fan.Application of3D-PSDM(Pre-Stack Depth Migration)technique in central Sichuan area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(S1):72-75.