城市人口规模、空间扩张与人均公共财政支出——基于全国285个城市面板数据分析
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摘要
为探究我国城市化带来地方政府公共财政支出成本的时空变化,选取2007—2016年全国285个地级及以上城市的数据,利用面板数据模型进行分析得到固定效应模型。结果表明:人口密度、城市空间扩张与人均地方政府公共财政支出成本存在显著的"U"型关系;以城区总人口与建成区面积计算的人口密度拐点为22 026.47人/km~2,对应建成区面积的拐点为148.41 km~2;城市空间无序扩张会增加人均地方政府公共财政支出成本。因此,应加强存量土地挖潜,走集约型城镇化道路。
In order to explore the spatial and temporal changes of local government's public finance expenditure cost brought about by urbanization in China, this paper uses the data of 285 prefecture-level and above cities from 2007 to 2016, and uses the panel data model to analyze the fixed-effect model. The results show that there is a significant U-shaped relationship between population density, urban spatial expansion and per capita local government public finance expenditure cost. And the critical point of population density calculated by urban total population and urban built-up area is 22 026.47 persons per square kilometer, the critical point of urban built-up area is 148.41 km~2. The disorderly expansion of urban space will increase the cost of public finance expenditure per capita for local governments. It is necessary to strengthen land tapping potential, appropriately increase the population absorption capacity of small and medium-sized cities, and adopt an intensive urbanization road.
In order to explore the spatial and temporal changes of local government's public finance expenditure cost brought about by urbanization in China, this paper uses the data of 285 prefecture-level and above cities from 2007 to 2016, and uses the panel data model to analyze the fixed-effect model. The results show that there is a significant U-shaped relationship between population density, urban spatial expansion and per capita local government public finance expenditure cost. And the critical point of population density calculated by urban total population and urban built-up area is 22 026.47 persons per square kilometer, the critical point of urban built-up area is 148.41 km~2. The disorderly expansion of urban space will increase the cost of public finance expenditure per capita for local governments. It is necessary to strengthen land tapping potential, appropriately increase the population absorption capacity of small and medium-sized cities, and adopt an intensive urbanization road.
引文
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[22] 张飞,孔伟.我国土地城镇化的时空特征及机理研究[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(5):144-148.
[23] 陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2014.
[2] 詹姆斯·M·布坎南.民主财政论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[3] 李西源.西部城乡公共产品供给研究[D].成都:西南财经大学,2010.
[4] 刘玉平,胡兆峰.地方财政支出与财政支出结构的优化——兼论我国公共财政改革的途径[J].中央财经大学学报,2001(6):7-12.
[5] FISHER R C.State and Local Public Finance[M].New York:Routledge,2015.
[6] 陈仲常,张峥.我国地方政府公共财政支出效率的影响因素分析——基于DEA-Tobit模型的实证研究[J].南京财经大学学报,2011(5):42-50,103.
[7] 贾康.对公共财政的基本认识[J].税务研究,2008(2):3-8.
[8] Real Estate Research Corporation.The Costs of Sprawl:Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe[R].Washington,D.C.:US Government Printing Office,1974.
[9] HORTAS-RICO M,SOLé-OLLé A.Does Urban Sprawl Increase the Costs of Providing Local Public Services?Evidence from Spanish Municipalities[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(7):1513-1540.
[10] 卢丽文,张毅,李永盛.中国人口城镇化影响因素研究——基于31个省域的空间面板数据[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(3):54-59.
[11] LADD H F.Population Growth,Density and the Costs of Providing Public Services[J].Urban Studies,1992,29(2):273-295.
[12] 王德祥,李建军.辖区人口、面积与地方财政支出——基于鄂鲁吉3省178个县(市)数据的实证研究[J].财贸经济,2009(4):28-32.
[13] 秦明,杨亚玲,苏毅清,等.中国地级市新型城镇化的影响因素[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(3):41-45,54.
[14] 胡德仁,刘亮.中国地区间财政能力差异的度量及地区分解——基于地区间公共支出成本差异的视角[J].新疆财经大学学报,2011(1):34-42.
[15] BLAU P M.The Comparative Study of Organizations[J].ILR Review,1965,18(3):323-338.
[16] 刘玲玲,周天勇.对城市规模理论的再认识[J].经济经纬,2006(1):112-115.
[17] 顾乃华,陈秀英.财政约束、城市空间扩张与经济集聚密度、劳动生产率变动[J].经济学家,2015(6):30-40.
[18] 牛煜虹,张衔春,董晓莉.城市蔓延对我国地方公共财政支出影响的实证分析[J].城市发展研究,2013,20(3):67-72.
[19] BORCHERDING T E,DEACON R T.The Demand for the Services of Non-federal Governments[J].American Economic Review,1972,62(5):891-901.
[20] SOLé-OLLé A,BOSCH N.On the Relationship between Authority Size and the Costs of Providing Local Services:Lessons for the Design of Intergovernmental Transfers in Spain[J].Public Finance Review,2005,33(3):343-384.
[21] 李杰刚,李志勇,高子达.县级转移支付与地方财税收入相关性分析——以河北为考察样本[J].地方财政研究,2016(11):53-59.
[22] 张飞,孔伟.我国土地城镇化的时空特征及机理研究[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(5):144-148.
[23] 陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2014.