气-质联用法测定水中三氯乙醛的研究
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摘要
开发了气-质联用直接测定水中三氯乙醛的技术。利用该技术调查了水厂各工艺段对三氯乙醛前体物的去除,预臭氧接触池,平流池和砂滤池对三氯乙醛前体物去除率分别为8. 69%,25%和32. 6%,后臭氧增加了三氯乙醛生成势,但在后续活性炭环节得到有效去除,并未造成三氯乙醛升高,整套工艺可以有效去除三氯乙醛前体物。三氯乙醛生成势、溶解性有机碳和UV254与三氯乙醛生成势相关性R2分别为0. 64、0. 80和0. 90,UV254可以作为指标来预测三氯乙醛的生成情况。
A method for directly analyzing chloral hydrate( CH) by using GC/MS was developed. The method was used to investigate the removing characteristics of CH precursors of different treatment processes in a drinking water treatment plant. Reduction of precursors of CH by treatment processes of drinking water plants was studied and reduction rates of pre-ozonation,sedimentation tank and sand filter were 36. 38%,26. 29% and 31. 56%,respectively. Post ozonation increased CH formation,but the downstream activated carbon process substantially reduced CH,thus effectively controlled CH precursors. Treatment processes study was efficient in removing precursors of CH. CH precursors were correlated to CFFP,DOC and UV254 with R2= 0. 64,0. 80 and 0. 90,respectively,and UV254 could be used to predict CH formation.
A method for directly analyzing chloral hydrate( CH) by using GC/MS was developed. The method was used to investigate the removing characteristics of CH precursors of different treatment processes in a drinking water treatment plant. Reduction of precursors of CH by treatment processes of drinking water plants was studied and reduction rates of pre-ozonation,sedimentation tank and sand filter were 36. 38%,26. 29% and 31. 56%,respectively. Post ozonation increased CH formation,but the downstream activated carbon process substantially reduced CH,thus effectively controlled CH precursors. Treatment processes study was efficient in removing precursors of CH. CH precursors were correlated to CFFP,DOC and UV254 with R2= 0. 64,0. 80 and 0. 90,respectively,and UV254 could be used to predict CH formation.
引文
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[16]方晶云,马军,王立宁,等.臭氧预氧化对藻细胞及胞外分泌物消毒副产物生成势的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(6):1127-1132.
[17]牛志广,魏晓婷,张颖.于桥水库溶解性有机碳分布特征及三卤甲烷的生成势[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(1):48-54.
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[19] Gan W,Guo W,Mo J,et al. The occurrence of disinfection byproducts in municipal drinking water in China\"s Pearl River Delta and a multipathway cancer risk assessment[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2013,447:108-115.
[20] Bond T, Templeton M R, Graham N. Precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water—a critical review and analysis[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.,2012,235-236:1-16.
[2] Richardson S D,Ternes T A. Water Analysis:Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues[J]. Anal. Chem.,2014,86:2813-2848.
[3] Krasner S W,Weinberg H S,Richardson S D,et al. Occurrence of a New Generation of Disinfection Byproducts[J]. Environ. Sci.Technol.,2006,40(23):7175-7185.
[4] GB5479-2006生活饮用水卫生标准[S].
[5] GT5750. 10-2006生活饮用水标准检验方法-消毒副产物指标[S].
[6] UEEPA. US EPA Method 551. 1. Methods for the determination of organic compounds in drinking water-Supplement III-EPA/600/R-95/131[S]. 1995.
[7]王小亻毛,张小璐,杨宏伟,等.饮用水三氯乙醛浓度测定方法比较分析[J].给水排水,2013(s1):125-128.
[8] Koudjonou B K,Lebel G L. Halogenated acetaldehydes:analysis,stability and fate in drinking water[J]. Chemosphere,2006,64(5):795-802.
[9] Bond T,Henriet O, Goslan E H, et al. Disinfection Byproduct Formation and Fractionation Behavior of Natural Organic Matter Surrogates[J]. Environmental science&technology,2009,43(15):5982-5989.
[10]张维清,邹惠仙.三氯乙醛前驱物的筛选及其生成影响因素探讨[J].环境科学与技术,2005,28(2):29-31.
[11]范爱丽,刘清雅,刘丽君,等.活性炭滤池对饮用水中三氯乙醛及其前体物去除效果的生产性研究//饮用水安全控制技术会议暨中国土木工程学会水工业分会给水委员会年会[C].2013.
[12]左金龙,崔福义,赵志伟,等.国内外臭氧活性炭工艺在饮用水处理中的应用实例[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(10):68-72.
[13]吴清平,孟凡亚,张菊梅,等.臭氧消毒中溴酸盐的形成、检测与控制[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(16):12-15.
[14] Hordern B K. Aldehydes Formation during water disinfection by ozonation and chlorination process[J]. Global Nest,2005(1):61.
[15] Dabrowska A, Nawrocki J. Controversies about the occurrence of chloral hydrate in drinking water[J]. Water Res.,2009,43(8):2201-2208.
[16]方晶云,马军,王立宁,等.臭氧预氧化对藻细胞及胞外分泌物消毒副产物生成势的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(6):1127-1132.
[17]牛志广,魏晓婷,张颖.于桥水库溶解性有机碳分布特征及三卤甲烷的生成势[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(1):48-54.
[18]蔡广强,刘丽君,卢小艳,等.南方某市饮用水源三氯乙醛生成特性[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(12):5757-5762.
[19] Gan W,Guo W,Mo J,et al. The occurrence of disinfection byproducts in municipal drinking water in China\"s Pearl River Delta and a multipathway cancer risk assessment[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2013,447:108-115.
[20] Bond T, Templeton M R, Graham N. Precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water—a critical review and analysis[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.,2012,235-236:1-16.