自然老化对汽车地毯挥发性有机物的影响
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摘要
对上汽通用五菱某车型的地毯小总成进行自然老化研究,测试挥发性有机物(VOC)随时间的变化情况。地毯由针刺地毯、聚氨酯发泡海绵、无纺布组成,从生产线上取下后包装严实送达实验室,截取100mm×100mm大小后模拟汽车内环境进行自然老化,采用10 L袋子热脱附法测试一年内挥发性有机物的变化情况。结果表明地毯的苯烯物从生产线取下15d内迅速挥发,之后挥发量大幅下降,达到一个最小值。15d后苯系物降幅达到83%以上,此后挥发量维持在较低的水平。甲醛、丙酮、丙烯醛的挥发量在散发15d后变化不大,而乙醛的挥发量则在第15d后迅速增加,第366d的挥发量达到第一天的51倍。分析认为聚氨酯发泡海绵的发泡原料聚醚多元醇、有机硅匀泡剂和改善泡沫性能的添加剂是导致乙醛挥发的最主要的原因。
The natural aging of carpet assembly of a vehicle in SAIC GM Wuling Automobile co.ltd was studied,and the change of volatile organic compounds(VOC) with time was tested. The carpet is made up of needle carpet,polyurethane foam sponge and non-woven cloth. After being removed from the production line,the carpets were packed strictly and delivered to the laboratory.The samples of 100 mm×100 mm were intercepted from carpets to simulate natural aging in car environment. 10 L bag thermal desorption method was used to test the changes of volatile organic compounds in one year. The results show that benzenes of carpet volatilized rapidly from the production line within 15 days,and the volatilization decreased signi?cantly,reaching a minimum. After 15 days,the benzene series decrease by more than 83%,and the volatility remain at a low level. The volatilization of formaldehyde,acetone and acrolein does not change much after 15 days,while the volatilization of acetaldehyde increase rapidly after 15 days.The volatilization of acetaldehyde on 366 days reach 51 times of that on the ?rst day. It is considered that foaming agent,polyether polyol,silicone and foam additives are the main reasons leading to volatilization of acetaldehyde.
The natural aging of carpet assembly of a vehicle in SAIC GM Wuling Automobile co.ltd was studied,and the change of volatile organic compounds(VOC) with time was tested. The carpet is made up of needle carpet,polyurethane foam sponge and non-woven cloth. After being removed from the production line,the carpets were packed strictly and delivered to the laboratory.The samples of 100 mm×100 mm were intercepted from carpets to simulate natural aging in car environment. 10 L bag thermal desorption method was used to test the changes of volatile organic compounds in one year. The results show that benzenes of carpet volatilized rapidly from the production line within 15 days,and the volatilization decreased signi?cantly,reaching a minimum. After 15 days,the benzene series decrease by more than 83%,and the volatility remain at a low level. The volatilization of formaldehyde,acetone and acrolein does not change much after 15 days,while the volatilization of acetaldehyde increase rapidly after 15 days.The volatilization of acetaldehyde on 366 days reach 51 times of that on the ?rst day. It is considered that foaming agent,polyether polyol,silicone and foam additives are the main reasons leading to volatilization of acetaldehyde.
引文
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[2]李兰.乘用车内空气污染物特性研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2015.Li Lan.Study on characteristics of air pollutants in passenger vehicles[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2015.
[3]谢成屏,李勇,蓝敏剑.热脱附-气相色谱质谱分析热环境下汽车沙发释放的挥发性有机物[J].分析化学,2011,39(2):265-268.Xie Chengping,Li Yong,Lan Minjian.Analysis of volatile organic compounds released from automobile sofa by thermal desorptiongas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Analytical chemistry,2011,39(2):265-268.
[4]贺小凤,刘艳霖,王桂霞,等.汽车内装饰材料挥发性有机物GC-MS测定和分析[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(12):149-152.He Xiaofeng,Liu Yanlin,Wang Guixia,et al.Determination and analysis of volatile organic compounds in automobile interior decoration material by GC-MS[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,33(12):149-152.
[5]吴洁珊,刘崇华,张晓利,等.汽车内部装饰材料挥发性苯系物的热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法测定[J].分析测试学报,2008,27(8):874-877.Wu Jieshan,Liu Chonghua,Zhang Xiaoli,et al.Thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of volatile benzene compounds in automotive interior decoration materials[J].Journal of Analytical testing,2008,27(8):874-877.
[6]吴惠勤,朱志鑫,黄晓兰,等.汽车装饰材料挥发性有机物的气相色谱-质谱法测定[J].分析测试学报,2008,27(7):705-708.Wu Huiqin,Zhu Zhixin,Huang Xiaolan,et al.Determination of volatile organic compounds in automotive decoration materials by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Analytical testing,2008,27(7):705-708.
[7]朱雪荣.聚氨酯泡沫中挥发性有机物的测定方法比较和研究[J].聚氨酯工业,2015(2):42-46.Zhu Xuerong.Comparison and study on determination of volatile organic compounds in polyurethane foam[J].Polyurethane Industry,2015(2):42-46.
[8]赵龙,钟瑞华,李腾峰,等.高效液相色谱法测定汽车内饰件中的甲醛、乙醛和丙酮[J].理化检验:化学分册,2016,52(10):1 194-1 196.Zhao long,Zhong Ruihua,Li Tengfeng,et al.Determination of formaldehyde,acetaldehyde and acetone in automotive interior by HPLC[J].Physical and Chemical examination:chemical Division,2016,52(10):1 194-1 196.
[9]吴洁珊.汽车内部装饰材料中醛类物质测试方法的研究[J].广东科技,2008(3):196-196.Wu Jieshan.Study on the testing method of aldehydes in automotive interior decoration material[J].Guangdong Science and Technology,2008(3):196-196.
[10]王亮,黄江玲,刘丹丹.汽车内饰零部件及其材料VOC含量分析的采样方法[J].汽车工艺与材料,2012(12):12-17.Wang Liang,Huang Jiangling,Liu Dandan.Sampling method for VOC content analysis of automotive interior parts and materials[J].Automotive Technology and Materials,2012(12):12-17.
[11]孙成武,陈林萍,曹维福.采样袋法检测汽车内饰零部件VOC及结果分析[J].汽车零部件,2014(6):16-18.Sun Chengwu,Chen Linping,Cao Weifu.VOC Test of automotive interior trim paers using sampling bags method and result analysis[J].Automobile Parts,2014(6):16-18.
[12]夏庆云.汽车车内有机挥发物(VOC)的检测[J].环境技术,2010,29(4):40-43.Xia Qingyun.Detection of volatile organic compounds(VOC)in vehicles[J].Environmental Technology,2010,29(4):40-43.
[13]Evelyn Lofquist.Using gas chromatography to investigate the cause of malodors in molded polymers:a case study[D].Partial Fulfillment:University of Tennessee at Chattanooga,2012.
[14]张华,陈智勇.汽车内饰材料老化试验研究[J].环境技术,2011(6):12-15.Zhang Hua,Chen Zhiyong.Study on aging test of automotive interior decoration material[J].Environmental Technology,2011(6):12-15.
[15]徐萍萍,周青,刘海蓉.聚氨酯泡沫VOC袋式法测试影响因素分析[J].聚氨酯工业,2017,32(1):43-46.Xu Pingping,Zhou Qing,Liu Hai Rong.Analysis of the factors affecting the VOC in polyurethane foam with tedlar bag method[J].Polyurethane Industry,2017,32(1):43-46.
[16]李志峰,孙军,于善平,等.汽车座椅用软质聚氨酯泡沫的进展[J].聚氨酯工业,2014(2):5-9.Li Zhifeng,Sun Jun,Yu Shanping,et al.The development of soft polyurethane foam used for automobile seat[J].Polyurethane Industry,2014(2):5-9.
[17]侯辉,盛先志,牛彦雷,等.汽车座椅聚氨酯发泡VOC优化方法[J].汽车实用技术,2017(21):138-140.Hou Hui,Sheng Xianzhi,Niu Yanlei,et al.Optimization methods of polyurethane foam VOC about automobile seat[J].Practical Automotive Technology,2017(21):138-140.
[18]Chien Y C.Variations in amounts and potential sources of volatile organic chemicals in new cars.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2007,382(2):228-239.
[19]Wypych,George.Handbook of odors in plastic materials[M].Canada:ChemTec Publishing,2013,60-90.
[20]李岩峰,王玉,徐源林,等.汽车座椅泡沫VOC主要来源的实验研究[J].聚氨酯工业,2017,32(5):22-25.Li Yanfeng,Wang Yu,Xu Yuanlin,et al.Study on the main source of foam VOC for automobile seat[J].Polyurethane Industry,2017,32(5):22-25.