基于队列分析的改进空调负荷控制策略及其评估
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摘要
空调负荷作为电网中的重要负荷,占据了负荷高峰需求中的较大比重。由于具有能够将电能转化为热(冷)能储存在室内的特性,空调负荷在电网中的需求响应能力得到了发挥。通过分析传统空调控制策略的状态队列变化,考虑用户舒适性,计算了极限停机时间,在此基础上提出了一种对空调负荷按组进行控制的策略,降低了控制中心在空调数量较多的情况下处理温度设定数据的压力。在处理"二次峰荷"时,基于分时段改变温度区间长度的方式,进一步降低了负荷恢复时的波动峰值。最后,提出了空调控制评估指标和方法,算例仿真验证了本文改进策略具有较好的削峰能力、较小的反弹负荷波动和较少的温度设定值计算。
Air-conditioning load,as an important load in power grid,occupies a large proportion of load peak demand.With the capability to convert electrical energy into thermal(cold)energy stored indoors,the demand response potential of air-conditioning load in power grid has been explored.By analyzing the state-queue change of the traditional air-conditioning control strategy and considering consumers comfort,the limit downtime is calculated.On the basis of this,a strategy to control air-conditioning load by group is proposed,which reduces temperature setting workload of the control center in the case of massive air conditioners.In dealing with the"recovery peak",the fluctuating peak value of load recovery is further reduced by changing the temperature interval length in different time intervals.Finally,the evaluation Indicators and method of air-conditioning control are put forward.The simulation results show that the improved method has better peaking curtailment performance,less fluctuation of rebound load and less computation cost of temperature set value.
Air-conditioning load,as an important load in power grid,occupies a large proportion of load peak demand.With the capability to convert electrical energy into thermal(cold)energy stored indoors,the demand response potential of air-conditioning load in power grid has been explored.By analyzing the state-queue change of the traditional air-conditioning control strategy and considering consumers comfort,the limit downtime is calculated.On the basis of this,a strategy to control air-conditioning load by group is proposed,which reduces temperature setting workload of the control center in the case of massive air conditioners.In dealing with the"recovery peak",the fluctuating peak value of load recovery is further reduced by changing the temperature interval length in different time intervals.Finally,the evaluation Indicators and method of air-conditioning control are put forward.The simulation results show that the improved method has better peaking curtailment performance,less fluctuation of rebound load and less computation cost of temperature set value.
引文
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[17]KURUCZ C N,BRANDT D,SIM S.A linear programming model for reducing system peak through customer load control programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1996,11(4):1817-1824.
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[20]徐泽水,达庆利.区间数排序的可能度法及其应用[J].系统工程学报,2003,18(1):67-70.XU Zeshui.DA Qingli.Possibility degree method for ranking interval numbers and its application[J].Journal of Systems Engineering,2003,18(1):67-70.
[2]高赐威,李倩玉,李扬.基于DLC的空调负荷双层优化调度和控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1546-1555.GAO Ciwei,LI Qianyu,LI Yang.Bi-level optimal dispatch and control strategy for air-conditioning load based on direct load control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1546-1555.
[3]宋宏坤,唐国庆,卢毅,等.江苏省夏季空调负荷分析及需求侧管理措施的削峰效果测算[J].电网技术,2006,30(17):88-91.SONG Hongkun,TANG Guoqing,LU Yi,et al.Analysis on summer air-conditioning loads composition in Jiangsu province and estimation of peak load shifting effect by DSM measures[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(17):88-90.
[4]张钦,王锡凡,别朝红,等.电力市场下直接负荷控制决策模型[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(9):23-28.ZHANG Qin,WANG Xifan,BIE Zhaohong,et al.A decision model of direct load control in electricity markets[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(9):23-28.
[5]刘俊,罗凡,刘人境,等.大数据背景下电力需求侧管理的应用策略研究[J].电力需求侧管理,2016,18(2):5-10.LIU Jun,LUO Fan,LIU Renjing,et al.Study on application strategies of demand-side management under big data background[J].Power Demand Side Management,2016,18(2):5-10.
[6]叶水泉.蓄能空调技术及其发展[J].电力需求侧管理,2002,33(S1):40-46.YE Shuiquan.The development of energy storage air condition[J].Power Demand Side Management,2002,33(S1):40-46.
[7]管国兵,辛洁晴.空调负荷群分组控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):40-46.GUAN Guobing,XIN Jieqing.Grouping control method for air conditioning load[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(20):40-46.
[8]周磊,李扬,高赐威.聚合空调负荷的温度调节方法改进及控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5579-5589.ZHOU Lei,LI Yang,GAO Ciwei.Improvement of temperature adjusting method for aggregated air-conditioning loads and Its control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5579-5589.
[9]刘萌,褚晓东,张文,等.基于多样性保持的空调负荷群调度控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3674-3682.LIU Meng,CHU Xiaodong,ZHANG Wen,et al.Dispatch and control strategies for air-conditioning load groups based on maintenance of load diversity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3674-3682.
[10]KATIPAMULA S,LU N.Evaluation of residential HVAC control strategies for demand response programs[J].Ashrae Transactions,2006,112(4):535-546.
[11]戚野白,王丹,贾宏杰,等.基于归一化温度延伸裕度控制策略的温控设备需求响应方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(21):5455-5464.QI Yebai,WANG Dan,JIA Hongjie,et al.Research on demand response for thermostatically controlled appliances based on normalized temperature extension margin control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(21):5455-5464.
[12]PEPPANEN J,RENO M J,GRIJALVA S.Thermal energy storage for air conditioning as an enabler of residential demand response[C]//North American Power Symposium.IEEE,2014:1-6.
[13]LU N.An evaluation of the HVAC load potential for providing load balancing service[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1263-1270.
[14]LU N,CHASSIN D P,WIDERGREN S E.Modeling uncertainties in aggregated thermostatically controlled loads using a state queueing model[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(2):725-733.
[15]徐青山,吴枭,杨斌.考虑状态差异性聚类的空调负荷直接负荷控制动态优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(14):33-42.XU Qingshan,WU Xiao,YANG Bin.Dynamic optimization method of direct load control for air-conditioning load considering status diversity clustering[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(14):33-42.
[16]ZHANG Y,LU N.Parameter selection for a centralized thermostatically controlled appliances load controller used for Intra-hour load balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):2100-2108.
[17]KURUCZ C N,BRANDT D,SIM S.A linear programming model for reducing system peak through customer load control programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1996,11(4):1817-1824.
[18]邓宇鑫,王磊,李扬,等.温控负荷直接负荷控制策略与优化调度[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2015,27(6):18-25.DENG Yuxin,WANG Lei,LI Yang,et al.Direct load control strategies and optimization scheduling of thermostatically controlled loads[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2015,27(6):18-25.
[19]辛洁晴,吴亮.商务楼中央空调周期性暂停分档控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(5):49-54.XIN Jieqing,WU Liang.Hierarchical strategies for duty cycling control of air conditioners in business buildings[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(5):49-54.
[20]徐泽水,达庆利.区间数排序的可能度法及其应用[J].系统工程学报,2003,18(1):67-70.XU Zeshui.DA Qingli.Possibility degree method for ranking interval numbers and its application[J].Journal of Systems Engineering,2003,18(1):67-70.