知识经济时代杭州近郊大型社区消费设施特征
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摘要
基于城市消费设施环境塑造的视角,选取杭州近郊区3个典型社区开展调研分析,从中发现城市中微观尺度的社区设施环境建设相对滞后,制约了对知识型人力资本的吸引聚集,这既是由于城市经济社会发展与土地利用空间的快速扩张,也深受公共设施的市、区二元供给体制的内在影响。在3个近郊典型社区中,以教育医疗文体为核心的公共设施供给状况不佳,并呈现出社区之间的差异性,其中以相对独立的规模型、开放式的良渚文化村社区供给状况较好,封闭式、分散化的江南春城较差,除了地方政府供给体制的影响因素之外,这与各个开发商的建设力度、社区居民的经济状况密切相关。最后分别基于城市空间规划、郊区公共中心建设以及开放式社区设计等方面提出相应的策略建议,并强调要在制度体系方面协调好地方政府、开发商及社区居民之间的利益关系,由此兼顾城市经济社会发展的效率与公平问题,以更好地吸引知识型人力资本和信息技术型产业的聚集,提升城市生活环境的综合竞争力。
Based on the perspective of shaping of urban amenity, the paper selects three typical communities in the suburb of Hangzhou to carry out survey and analysis. It is found that the construction of community facilities at medium-and microscales has lagged far behind, which restricts the accumulation of knowledge-based human capital. It is the result of both the rapid expansion of urban land use and urban economic and social development, and the dual supply system of public facilities at municipal and district levels. In the three typical communities, public facilities for education, medication, cultural and sports activities are in deficiency, and there is a disparity between different communities: the conditions in Liangzhu Culture Village that is relatively independent, in certain scale, and open are better; while it is bad in Jiangnanchuncheng where is enclosed and in dispersed distribution. Apart from the influencing factors of the supply system of local government, it is closely related to the construction efforts by developers and the economic conditions of residents. Finally, the paper puts forward corresponding strategies and suggestions in aspects of urban spatial planning, construction of suburb public center, and design of open community, with the emphases laid upon coordinating different interests of local government, developers, and residents to realize balance between efficiency and fairness in the process of socio-economic development, so as to better attract knowledge-based human capital and information technology industry, and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of urban living environment.
Based on the perspective of shaping of urban amenity, the paper selects three typical communities in the suburb of Hangzhou to carry out survey and analysis. It is found that the construction of community facilities at medium-and microscales has lagged far behind, which restricts the accumulation of knowledge-based human capital. It is the result of both the rapid expansion of urban land use and urban economic and social development, and the dual supply system of public facilities at municipal and district levels. In the three typical communities, public facilities for education, medication, cultural and sports activities are in deficiency, and there is a disparity between different communities: the conditions in Liangzhu Culture Village that is relatively independent, in certain scale, and open are better; while it is bad in Jiangnanchuncheng where is enclosed and in dispersed distribution. Apart from the influencing factors of the supply system of local government, it is closely related to the construction efforts by developers and the economic conditions of residents. Finally, the paper puts forward corresponding strategies and suggestions in aspects of urban spatial planning, construction of suburb public center, and design of open community, with the emphases laid upon coordinating different interests of local government, developers, and residents to realize balance between efficiency and fairness in the process of socio-economic development, so as to better attract knowledge-based human capital and information technology industry, and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of urban living environment.
引文
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8李斐然,冯健,刘杰,等.基于活动类型的郊区大型居住区居民生活空间重构--以回龙观为例[J].人文地理,2013,28(3):27-33.LI Feiran,FENG Jian,LIU Jie,et al.The Life Time and Space Reconfiguration of Residents in Large Communities in the Context of Suburbanization:A Case Study of Huilongguan[J].Human Geography,2013,28(3):27-33.
9李晓江,尹强,张娟,等.《中国城镇化道路、模式与政策》研究报告综述[J].城市规划学刊,2014(2):1-10.LI Xiaojiang,YIN Qiang,ZHANG Juan,et al.The Path,Model and Policy of Urbanization in China[J].Urban Planning Forum,2014(2):1-10.
10武前波,陈前虎.2000-2010年杭州人口空间变动与城市空间组织重构[J].城市规划,2015(11):30-38.WU Qianbo,CHEN Qianhu.Population Spatial Change and Urban Spatial Restructuring in Hangzhou from 2000 to 2010[J].City Planning Review,2015(11):30-38.
11武前波,徐伟.近期西方城市发展理论回顾与论争[C]//宁越敏.中国城市研究(第九辑).北京:科学出版社,20016.WU Qianbo,XU Wei.Review and Debate of Theories of Urban Growth:Based on Knowledge Economy in North America[C]//NING Yuemin.China Urban Studies(Vol9).Beijing:Seience Press.2016.
12 STORPER M,SCOTT A J.Rethinking Human Capital,Creativity and Urban Growth[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2009(9):147-167.
13 SCOTT A J.Beyond the Creative City:Cognitive-Cultural Capitalism and the New Urbanism[J].Regional Studies,2014,48(4):565-578.
2 GLAESER E L,KOLKO J,SAIZ A.Consumer City[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2001(1):27-50.
3 GLAESER E L,TOBIO K.The Rise of the Sunbelt[M]//A Companion to the American South.Oxford:Blackwell Publishers Ltd,2008.
4 FLORIDA R,MELLANDER C,STOLARICK K.Beautiful Places:The Role of Perceived Aesthetic Beauty in Community Satisfaction[J].Regional Studies,2011,45(1):33-48.
5 MELLANDER C,FLORIDA R,STOLARICK K.Here to Stay:The Effects of Community Satisfaction on the Decision to Stay[J].Spatial Economic Analysis,2011,6(1):5-24.
6袁奇峰,魏成.从“大盘”到“新城”--广州“华南板块”重构思考[J].城市与区域规划研究,2011(2):101-107.YUAN Qifeng,WEI Cheng.From Large Community to New Town:Reorganization of South China Residential Block[J].Urban and Regional Planning,2011(2):101-107.
7申悦,柴彦威.基于GPS数据的城市居民通勤弹性研究--以北京市郊区巨型社区为例[J].地理学报,2012(6):750-762.SHEN Yue,CHAI Yanwei.Study on Commuting Flexibility of Residents Based on GPS Data:A Case Study of Suburban Mega-Communities in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica.2012(6):750-762.
8李斐然,冯健,刘杰,等.基于活动类型的郊区大型居住区居民生活空间重构--以回龙观为例[J].人文地理,2013,28(3):27-33.LI Feiran,FENG Jian,LIU Jie,et al.The Life Time and Space Reconfiguration of Residents in Large Communities in the Context of Suburbanization:A Case Study of Huilongguan[J].Human Geography,2013,28(3):27-33.
9李晓江,尹强,张娟,等.《中国城镇化道路、模式与政策》研究报告综述[J].城市规划学刊,2014(2):1-10.LI Xiaojiang,YIN Qiang,ZHANG Juan,et al.The Path,Model and Policy of Urbanization in China[J].Urban Planning Forum,2014(2):1-10.
10武前波,陈前虎.2000-2010年杭州人口空间变动与城市空间组织重构[J].城市规划,2015(11):30-38.WU Qianbo,CHEN Qianhu.Population Spatial Change and Urban Spatial Restructuring in Hangzhou from 2000 to 2010[J].City Planning Review,2015(11):30-38.
11武前波,徐伟.近期西方城市发展理论回顾与论争[C]//宁越敏.中国城市研究(第九辑).北京:科学出版社,20016.WU Qianbo,XU Wei.Review and Debate of Theories of Urban Growth:Based on Knowledge Economy in North America[C]//NING Yuemin.China Urban Studies(Vol9).Beijing:Seience Press.2016.
12 STORPER M,SCOTT A J.Rethinking Human Capital,Creativity and Urban Growth[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2009(9):147-167.
13 SCOTT A J.Beyond the Creative City:Cognitive-Cultural Capitalism and the New Urbanism[J].Regional Studies,2014,48(4):565-578.