不同施肥水平对夏玉米土壤呼吸的影响研究
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摘要
通过试验探究不同施肥水平下夏玉米土壤呼吸速率的变化,试验于2017年6-9月在国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心(北京)大兴试验研究基地开展,采用密闭静态箱法监测夏玉米农田土壤呼吸,并分析了夏玉米生育期土壤呼吸速率变化特征及其对土壤表层温湿度的响应机制。结果表明夏玉米农田各施肥处理土壤呼吸速率日均变化呈先增高后降低的变化趋势,峰值大致出现在15∶00,最低值大致出现在6∶00;且增加施肥量,土壤呼吸速率也随之增加。土壤表层(0～10 cm)温度、含水率与夏玉米农田土壤呼吸速率相关性均呈极显著水平;二者分别可解释土壤呼吸速率季节变化的23.1%～69.9%与15.3%～50.8%,各施肥处理的Q_(10)值依次为1.73、2.20、2.29,随着施肥量的提高而增加;建立土壤表层温度、含水率与土壤呼吸速率的联合模拟方程有更好的模拟效果。
An experiment is conducted to investigate the variation of summer corn soil respiration rate under different fertilization levels. The experiment, taking place from June to September 2017 at the National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research(Beijing), uses airtight static chambers to monitor summer corn farmland soil respiration. The soil respiration variation throughout the development stage of summer corn is characterized. The analysis also covers the response mechanism of these characteristics to soil surface temperature and soil moisture. The results show that the daily average change of soil respiration rate in the fertilization treatment of summer maize field increases first and then decreases. The peak value is roughly at 15 o'clock, the lowest value is roughly at 6 o'clock and the amount of fertilization increases, and the soil respiration rate also increases. The correlation between temperature and water content of soil surface layer(0～10 cm) and soil respiration rate of summer maize field is extremely significant. Both can explain the seasonal variation of soil respiration rate by 23.1%～69.9% and 15.3%～50.8%, respectively. The Q_(10) values of fertilization treatment are 1.73, 2.20, 2.29, It increases with the increase in fertilization amount. It has better simulation effect by establishing the joint simulation equation of soil surface temperature, water content and soil respiration rate.
An experiment is conducted to investigate the variation of summer corn soil respiration rate under different fertilization levels. The experiment, taking place from June to September 2017 at the National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research(Beijing), uses airtight static chambers to monitor summer corn farmland soil respiration. The soil respiration variation throughout the development stage of summer corn is characterized. The analysis also covers the response mechanism of these characteristics to soil surface temperature and soil moisture. The results show that the daily average change of soil respiration rate in the fertilization treatment of summer maize field increases first and then decreases. The peak value is roughly at 15 o'clock, the lowest value is roughly at 6 o'clock and the amount of fertilization increases, and the soil respiration rate also increases. The correlation between temperature and water content of soil surface layer(0～10 cm) and soil respiration rate of summer maize field is extremely significant. Both can explain the seasonal variation of soil respiration rate by 23.1%～69.9% and 15.3%～50.8%, respectively. The Q_(10) values of fertilization treatment are 1.73, 2.20, 2.29, It increases with the increase in fertilization amount. It has better simulation effect by establishing the joint simulation equation of soil surface temperature, water content and soil respiration rate.
引文
[1] 张权. 华北冬小麦—夏玉米轮作农田碳平衡特征及控制因素研究[D].北京:清华大学,2014.
[2] Sun Q,Wang R,Wang Y,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration to nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization : Does soil initial fertility matter? [J]. Geoderma, 2018,325:172-182.
[3] 张俊丽,廖允成,曾爱,等.不同施氮水平下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸速率与土壤水热关系[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2013,32(7):1 382-1 388.
[4] 李银坤,陈敏鹏,夏旭,等. 不同氮水平下夏玉米农田土壤呼吸动态变化及碳平衡研究[J]. 生态环境学报,2013,22(1):18-24.
[5] 王春新,于鹏,张玉玲,等. 氮肥与有机肥配施对设施土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 土壤通报,2017,48(1):146-154.
[6] 刘合明,刘树庆. 不同施氮水平对华北平原冬小麦土壤CO2通量的影响[J]. 生态环境, 2008,(3):1 125-1 129.
[7] 刘丽雯,刘梦云,吴健利,等. 黄土台塬不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸季节性变化及影响因素[J]. 环境科学研究, 2016,29(12):1 819-1 828.
[8] AlKaisi M M,Kruse M L,Sawyer J E. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on growing season soil carbon dioxide emission in a cornsoybean rotation[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2008, 37(2):325-332.
[9] Ding W, Cai Y, Cai Z, et al. Soil Respiration under maize crops: effects of water, temperature, and nitrogen fertilization[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007,71(3):944-951.
[10] 李伟, 白娥, 李善龙,等. 施氮和降水格局改变对土壤CH4和CO2通量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013,32(8):1 947-1 958.
[11] 张建华, 唐志尧, 沈海花,等. 氮添加对北京东灵山地区灌丛土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017,41(1):81-94.
[12] Wiant H V. Influence of Temperature on the Rate of Soil Respiration[J]. Journal of Forestry Washington, 1967,65(7):489-490.
[13] 张俊丽. 耕作和施氮措施下旱作夏玉米田土壤呼吸与土壤碳平衡研究[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2014.
[14] 严俊霞,汤亿,李洪建. 城市绿地土壤呼吸与土壤温度土壤水分的关系研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2009,32(4):604-609.
[15] Yang L F, Cai Z C. Soil respiration during a soy bean-growing season 1[J]. Pedosphere, 2006,(2):192-200.
[16] 李洪建. 不同生态系统土壤呼吸与环境因子的关系研究[D].太原:山西大学,2008.
[17] 张红星,王效科,冯宗炜,等. 干湿交替格局下黄土高原小麦田土壤呼吸的温湿度模型[J]. 生态学报, 2009,29(6):3 028-3 035.
[18] Lu S, Wang Q, Katahata S, et al. Soil microbial activities in beech forests under natural incubation conditions as affected by global warming[J]. Pedosphere, 2014,24(6):709-721.
[19] Li R P, Zhou G S, Wang Y. Responses of soil respiration in non-growing seasons to environmental factors in a maize agroecosystem, Northeast China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010,55(24):2 723-2 730.
[20] Wang S J, Wang H. Response of soil respiration to a severe drought in Chinese Eucalyptus plantations[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2017,28(4):841-847.
[2] Sun Q,Wang R,Wang Y,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration to nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization : Does soil initial fertility matter? [J]. Geoderma, 2018,325:172-182.
[3] 张俊丽,廖允成,曾爱,等.不同施氮水平下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸速率与土壤水热关系[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2013,32(7):1 382-1 388.
[4] 李银坤,陈敏鹏,夏旭,等. 不同氮水平下夏玉米农田土壤呼吸动态变化及碳平衡研究[J]. 生态环境学报,2013,22(1):18-24.
[5] 王春新,于鹏,张玉玲,等. 氮肥与有机肥配施对设施土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 土壤通报,2017,48(1):146-154.
[6] 刘合明,刘树庆. 不同施氮水平对华北平原冬小麦土壤CO2通量的影响[J]. 生态环境, 2008,(3):1 125-1 129.
[7] 刘丽雯,刘梦云,吴健利,等. 黄土台塬不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸季节性变化及影响因素[J]. 环境科学研究, 2016,29(12):1 819-1 828.
[8] AlKaisi M M,Kruse M L,Sawyer J E. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on growing season soil carbon dioxide emission in a cornsoybean rotation[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2008, 37(2):325-332.
[9] Ding W, Cai Y, Cai Z, et al. Soil Respiration under maize crops: effects of water, temperature, and nitrogen fertilization[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007,71(3):944-951.
[10] 李伟, 白娥, 李善龙,等. 施氮和降水格局改变对土壤CH4和CO2通量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013,32(8):1 947-1 958.
[11] 张建华, 唐志尧, 沈海花,等. 氮添加对北京东灵山地区灌丛土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017,41(1):81-94.
[12] Wiant H V. Influence of Temperature on the Rate of Soil Respiration[J]. Journal of Forestry Washington, 1967,65(7):489-490.
[13] 张俊丽. 耕作和施氮措施下旱作夏玉米田土壤呼吸与土壤碳平衡研究[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2014.
[14] 严俊霞,汤亿,李洪建. 城市绿地土壤呼吸与土壤温度土壤水分的关系研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2009,32(4):604-609.
[15] Yang L F, Cai Z C. Soil respiration during a soy bean-growing season 1[J]. Pedosphere, 2006,(2):192-200.
[16] 李洪建. 不同生态系统土壤呼吸与环境因子的关系研究[D].太原:山西大学,2008.
[17] 张红星,王效科,冯宗炜,等. 干湿交替格局下黄土高原小麦田土壤呼吸的温湿度模型[J]. 生态学报, 2009,29(6):3 028-3 035.
[18] Lu S, Wang Q, Katahata S, et al. Soil microbial activities in beech forests under natural incubation conditions as affected by global warming[J]. Pedosphere, 2014,24(6):709-721.
[19] Li R P, Zhou G S, Wang Y. Responses of soil respiration in non-growing seasons to environmental factors in a maize agroecosystem, Northeast China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010,55(24):2 723-2 730.
[20] Wang S J, Wang H. Response of soil respiration to a severe drought in Chinese Eucalyptus plantations[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2017,28(4):841-847.