红地球葡萄养分积累及分配规律研究
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摘要
【目的】为量化葡萄各生育期施肥量,科学施肥避免肥料浪费。【方法】以7年生鲜食葡萄"红地球"为供试材料,设置施肥与不施肥处理,同时全生育期每隔10 d采样1次,探究葡萄的养分积累动态以及养分分配规律。【结果】果实、叶片以及新梢中全氮、全磷以及全钾均占到植株体的60%以上,是养分分配的的主要器官。萌芽期和花期需要施用氮168 kg/hm~2,膨大期51 kg/hm~2,转色期91 kg/hm~2,成熟期55 kg/hm~2。萌芽期和花期需要施用磷123 kg/hm~2。膨大期122 kg/hm~2,转色期46 kg/hm~2,成熟期18 kg/hm~2。萌芽期和花期施需要施用钾41 kg/hm~2,膨大期139 kg/hm~2,转色期121 kg/hm~2,成熟期147 kg/hm~2。【结论】以期为贺兰山东麓鲜食葡萄的科学施肥以及修剪提提供科学依据,同时实现宁夏葡萄栽培园区标准化、科学化、精准化的目标。
【Objective】The study aimed to quantify the amount of fertilizer used in each growth period of the grape, and to scientifically fertilize to avoid fertilizer waste. 【Method】The 7-year-old fresh grape ‘Red Earth' was used as the test material, and fertilization and non-fertilization treatments were set up. At the same time, samples were taken every ten days during the whole growth period to investigate the dynamics of nutrient accumulation and nutrient distribution of the grapes. 【Result】Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in fruits, leaves, and shoots accounted for more than 60 % of the plant body and were the main organs for nutrient distribution. In the bud and flowering stages, the application of nitrogen was 168 kg/hm~2, the swelling period was 51 kg/hm~2, the color change period was 91 kg/hm~2, and the mature period was 55 kg/hm~2. Phosphorus 123 kg/hm~2 was needed for budding and flowering. The swelling period was 122 kg/hm~2, the color change period was 46 kg/hm~2, and the ripening period was 18 kg/hm~2. The application of potassium 41 kg/hm~2, the swelling period 139 kg/hm~2, the color change period 121 kg/hm~2 and the mature period 147 kg/hm~2 were required in the bud and flowering stages. 【Conclusion】It is hoped that the scientific fertilization and pruning of Shandong Helan Fresh Grapes in Helan Mountain will provide scientific basis, and at the same time, realize the goal of standardization, scientific, and precision in the Ningxia grape cultivation garden.
【Objective】The study aimed to quantify the amount of fertilizer used in each growth period of the grape, and to scientifically fertilize to avoid fertilizer waste. 【Method】The 7-year-old fresh grape ‘Red Earth' was used as the test material, and fertilization and non-fertilization treatments were set up. At the same time, samples were taken every ten days during the whole growth period to investigate the dynamics of nutrient accumulation and nutrient distribution of the grapes. 【Result】Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in fruits, leaves, and shoots accounted for more than 60 % of the plant body and were the main organs for nutrient distribution. In the bud and flowering stages, the application of nitrogen was 168 kg/hm~2, the swelling period was 51 kg/hm~2, the color change period was 91 kg/hm~2, and the mature period was 55 kg/hm~2. Phosphorus 123 kg/hm~2 was needed for budding and flowering. The swelling period was 122 kg/hm~2, the color change period was 46 kg/hm~2, and the ripening period was 18 kg/hm~2. The application of potassium 41 kg/hm~2, the swelling period 139 kg/hm~2, the color change period 121 kg/hm~2 and the mature period 147 kg/hm~2 were required in the bud and flowering stages. 【Conclusion】It is hoped that the scientific fertilization and pruning of Shandong Helan Fresh Grapes in Helan Mountain will provide scientific basis, and at the same time, realize the goal of standardization, scientific, and precision in the Ningxia grape cultivation garden.
引文
[1]施明. 贺兰山东麓风沙土红地球葡萄水肥耦合效应与协同管理[D]. 银川:宁夏大学, 2014.
[2]赵峥, 褚长彬, 周德平,等. 不同施肥条件对葡萄园土壤养分供给和产量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2017, 48(4):895-900.
[3]蔡祖聪, 钦绳武. 作物N、P、K含量对于平衡施肥的诊断意义[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12(4):473-478.
[4]安江勇, 肖厚军, 秦松,等. 不同施肥量对贵州高产玉米养分吸收、生物性状、产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2016(3):73-79.
[5]郑煜基, 林兰稳, 罗薇.荔枝营养需求特点及其施肥技术研究[J].生态环境学报, 2001, 10(3):204-206.
[6]苏德纯, 阎光弟.巨峰葡萄叶片中氮、磷、钾含量的年周期变化的研究[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 1989(3):1-4.
[7]贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1999.
[8]Lin Y, Jiang C, Guo X, et al.Study on the nutrient accumulation of N, P, K in different organs of Vidal Blanc[J].Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine, 2013, 22(7):347–354.
[9]贾名波, 史祥宾, 翟衡,等.巨峰葡萄氮、磷、钾养分吸收与分配规律[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 2014(3):8-13.
[10]秦嗣军.双优山葡萄需肥规律及施肥效果的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2002.
[11]李春辉.施用氮磷钾对藤稔葡萄产量和品质的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2013.
[12]宋润刚, 郭振贵, 路文鹏,等.山葡萄不同时期施肥和不同施肥量对增产效果的研究[J].特产研究, 2011, 33(3):24-26.
[13]张晓娟.宁夏贺兰山东麓风沙土酿酒葡萄氮磷钾合理施肥量研究[D].银川:宁夏大学, 2013.
[14]Salem A T, Kilany A E, Shaker G S.The influence of NPK, phosphorus source and potassium foliar application on growth and fruit quality of thompson seedless grapevines[J].Acta Horticulturae, 2004, 640(640):163-173.
[15]司聿政.葡萄对营养元素的要求及其施肥技术[J].湖北农业科学, 1994(4):46-47.
[16]李淑玲, 何尚仁, 杨建国,等.葡萄营养与施肥[J].北方园艺, 2000(3):19-20.
[17]蒋鹏.宁夏红寺堡区酿酒葡萄优质栽培的土肥水综合管理技术研究[D].银川:宁夏大学, 2016.
[2]赵峥, 褚长彬, 周德平,等. 不同施肥条件对葡萄园土壤养分供给和产量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2017, 48(4):895-900.
[3]蔡祖聪, 钦绳武. 作物N、P、K含量对于平衡施肥的诊断意义[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12(4):473-478.
[4]安江勇, 肖厚军, 秦松,等. 不同施肥量对贵州高产玉米养分吸收、生物性状、产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2016(3):73-79.
[5]郑煜基, 林兰稳, 罗薇.荔枝营养需求特点及其施肥技术研究[J].生态环境学报, 2001, 10(3):204-206.
[6]苏德纯, 阎光弟.巨峰葡萄叶片中氮、磷、钾含量的年周期变化的研究[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 1989(3):1-4.
[7]贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1999.
[8]Lin Y, Jiang C, Guo X, et al.Study on the nutrient accumulation of N, P, K in different organs of Vidal Blanc[J].Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine, 2013, 22(7):347–354.
[9]贾名波, 史祥宾, 翟衡,等.巨峰葡萄氮、磷、钾养分吸收与分配规律[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 2014(3):8-13.
[10]秦嗣军.双优山葡萄需肥规律及施肥效果的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2002.
[11]李春辉.施用氮磷钾对藤稔葡萄产量和品质的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2013.
[12]宋润刚, 郭振贵, 路文鹏,等.山葡萄不同时期施肥和不同施肥量对增产效果的研究[J].特产研究, 2011, 33(3):24-26.
[13]张晓娟.宁夏贺兰山东麓风沙土酿酒葡萄氮磷钾合理施肥量研究[D].银川:宁夏大学, 2013.
[14]Salem A T, Kilany A E, Shaker G S.The influence of NPK, phosphorus source and potassium foliar application on growth and fruit quality of thompson seedless grapevines[J].Acta Horticulturae, 2004, 640(640):163-173.
[15]司聿政.葡萄对营养元素的要求及其施肥技术[J].湖北农业科学, 1994(4):46-47.
[16]李淑玲, 何尚仁, 杨建国,等.葡萄营养与施肥[J].北方园艺, 2000(3):19-20.
[17]蒋鹏.宁夏红寺堡区酿酒葡萄优质栽培的土肥水综合管理技术研究[D].银川:宁夏大学, 2016.