不同采收方式对烤烟上部叶品质的影响
|
摘要
烤烟上部叶的品质决定了其卷烟工业的可用性,而上部叶的品质则与上部叶的采收方式关系密切。为提高上部叶的综合质量和可用性,寻求烤烟上部叶的最优采收方法,本文将烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)品种云烟87作为试验材料,在大田条件下,通过比较4种不同采收方式获取烟叶的物理特性和内在化学成分差别,并对烤烟上部叶品质与采收方式的关系进行探究。结果表明,处理T1(先采收4～6叶位再采收1～3叶位)、T2(先采收5～6叶位再采收1～4叶位)、T3(6片叶一次性采收)均有助于提升烟叶成熟度,改善烟叶物理特性,降低烟碱和氯含量,提高糖含量和钾含量,以6片叶一次性采收效果最佳,改善程度最大。因此,上部6片叶一次性采收处理对烤后烟叶质量提升效果最佳,改善了上部6片叶的物理特性,一定范围内解决了烤烟上部叶普遍存在的总氮和烟碱含量高以及糖含量低的问题,各种化学成分含量也趋于协调。
The quality of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco determines the availability of the tobacco industry,while the quality of the upper leaves is closely related to the collecting mode of the upper leaves. In order to improve the comprehensive quality and availability of upper leaves,the optimal harvesting method of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco was explored. In this paper, taking Yunyan 87( Nicotiana tabacum L.) as the experimental material,under field conditions,the physical characteristics and internal chemical composition differences of tobacco leaves were obtained by comparing four different harvesting methods,so as to explore the relationship between the quality of upper tobacco leaves and harvesting methods.The results showed that T1(first harvested 4-6 leaves,then harvested 1-3 leaves),T2(first harvested 5-6 leaves,then harvested 1-4 leaves)and T3(6 leaves harvested at one time)were all helpful to improve the maturity and physical characteristics of tobacco leaves,reduce nicotine and chlorine content,and increase sugar and potassium content,and T3 had the best effect.Therefore,the one-time harvest treatment of the upper 6 leaves has the best effect on improving the quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves,it can improve the physical characteristics of the upper 6 leaves and solve the problems of high total nitrogen content,high nicotine content and low sugar content in the upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco in a certain range. The contents of various chemical components also tend to be coordinated.
The quality of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco determines the availability of the tobacco industry,while the quality of the upper leaves is closely related to the collecting mode of the upper leaves. In order to improve the comprehensive quality and availability of upper leaves,the optimal harvesting method of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco was explored. In this paper, taking Yunyan 87( Nicotiana tabacum L.) as the experimental material,under field conditions,the physical characteristics and internal chemical composition differences of tobacco leaves were obtained by comparing four different harvesting methods,so as to explore the relationship between the quality of upper tobacco leaves and harvesting methods.The results showed that T1(first harvested 4-6 leaves,then harvested 1-3 leaves),T2(first harvested 5-6 leaves,then harvested 1-4 leaves)and T3(6 leaves harvested at one time)were all helpful to improve the maturity and physical characteristics of tobacco leaves,reduce nicotine and chlorine content,and increase sugar and potassium content,and T3 had the best effect.Therefore,the one-time harvest treatment of the upper 6 leaves has the best effect on improving the quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves,it can improve the physical characteristics of the upper 6 leaves and solve the problems of high total nitrogen content,high nicotine content and low sugar content in the upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco in a certain range. The contents of various chemical components also tend to be coordinated.
引文
[1]杨磊,易克,简永兴,等.提高烤烟上部叶可用性研究进展[J].作物研究,2011,25(1):71-75.
[2]罗华杰,周冀衡,徐文军,等.采收方式对上部叶质量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2012(7):31-34.
[3]汤洋,邓小华.上部烟叶一次性采烤技术对烟叶可用性的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2012(21):106-108.
[4]赵莉,叶协锋,李俊丽,等.上部叶采收方式对烟叶产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(11):1175-1178.
[5]江厚龙,谢会川,杨通华,等.不同采收方式与烤烟上部叶品质的关系[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(34):161-165.
[6]宫长荣,刘霞,宋朝鹏,等.影响烤烟上部叶质量的因素及提高其可用性的措施[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):103-108.
[7]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990.
[8]尹启生,张艳玲,薛超群,等.中国烤烟主要物理特性及其产区差异[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(4):34-38.
[9]彭玉福,张书伟,蔡宪杰,等.不同成熟度对河南烤烟上部叶品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(4):62-66.
[10]刘国顺,王彦亭,杨焕文,等.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:72-74.
[11]汪耀富,孙德梅,徐传快,等.干旱胁迫下氮用量对烤烟养分积累与分配及烟叶产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):306-311.
[2]罗华杰,周冀衡,徐文军,等.采收方式对上部叶质量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2012(7):31-34.
[3]汤洋,邓小华.上部烟叶一次性采烤技术对烟叶可用性的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2012(21):106-108.
[4]赵莉,叶协锋,李俊丽,等.上部叶采收方式对烟叶产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(11):1175-1178.
[5]江厚龙,谢会川,杨通华,等.不同采收方式与烤烟上部叶品质的关系[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(34):161-165.
[6]宫长荣,刘霞,宋朝鹏,等.影响烤烟上部叶质量的因素及提高其可用性的措施[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):103-108.
[7]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990.
[8]尹启生,张艳玲,薛超群,等.中国烤烟主要物理特性及其产区差异[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(4):34-38.
[9]彭玉福,张书伟,蔡宪杰,等.不同成熟度对河南烤烟上部叶品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(4):62-66.
[10]刘国顺,王彦亭,杨焕文,等.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:72-74.
[11]汪耀富,孙德梅,徐传快,等.干旱胁迫下氮用量对烤烟养分积累与分配及烟叶产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):306-311.