隐藏在细节中的真相——南宋遗民诗人萧立之考论
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摘要
萧立之是晚宋江湖诗人。考辨其诗集和相关文献发现:萧立之幼子仕元;江西宁都萧氏父子应举、仕元等重大决策是世变之际基于家族发展需要作出的理性选择。通行对萧立之仕履经历的叙述颇有错谬,应予修正。萧立之曾入湖南郴州幕,旋知福建长汀县;宋末至京城改官任籍田令,后得通守之缺,未赴任;萧立之诗学李贺、陈师道、黄庭坚,皆肖,又融晚唐、江西于一炉,是晚宋诗坛少数能自成一家者。文学史上萧立之作为遗民诗人的形象省略了诸多有意味的细节,将其一一勾勒,对于清晰认识其人及其诗作的特点,深入理解宋元之际士人的经历和心境,以及了解晚宋诗歌发展进程的复杂性是非常必要的。
Xiao Lizhi was a wandering poet in the late Song Dynasty. Through textual research on his poetry collections and relevant literature, it is found that important decisions, including Xiao Lizhi’s youngest son working for the Yuan Dynasty, Xiao Lizhi and his son taking imperial examinations in Ningdu, Jiangxi province, and serving in courts, were all rational choices based on the needs of the family development at times of drastic changes of the world. There are quite many errors in current narratives about Xiao Lizhi’s career experiences, which should be rectified. Xiao once served in Chenzhou Court in Hunan Province, and was also well known in Changting County in Fujian Province. Later,he went to serve in Beijing as census register. In poetry-writing, Xiao learned from Li He, Chen Shidao, Huang Tingjian,and blended poetic characteristics of the late Tang Dynasty and Jiangxi Poetry School to form his own style. Adding and sketching such meaningful details about Xiao’s image as an adherent poet as omitted from the literary history, is of great necessity for clearly knowing the man and characteristics of his poems, for comprehending the literati’s experience and moods at the time of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and for knowing the complexity of the development process of poetry in the late Song Dynasty.
Xiao Lizhi was a wandering poet in the late Song Dynasty. Through textual research on his poetry collections and relevant literature, it is found that important decisions, including Xiao Lizhi’s youngest son working for the Yuan Dynasty, Xiao Lizhi and his son taking imperial examinations in Ningdu, Jiangxi province, and serving in courts, were all rational choices based on the needs of the family development at times of drastic changes of the world. There are quite many errors in current narratives about Xiao Lizhi’s career experiences, which should be rectified. Xiao once served in Chenzhou Court in Hunan Province, and was also well known in Changting County in Fujian Province. Later,he went to serve in Beijing as census register. In poetry-writing, Xiao learned from Li He, Chen Shidao, Huang Tingjian,and blended poetic characteristics of the late Tang Dynasty and Jiangxi Poetry School to form his own style. Adding and sketching such meaningful details about Xiao’s image as an adherent poet as omitted from the literary history, is of great necessity for clearly knowing the man and characteristics of his poems, for comprehending the literati’s experience and moods at the time of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and for knowing the complexity of the development process of poetry in the late Song Dynasty.
引文
[1]傅璇琮.全宋诗[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1998.
[2]钱锺书.宋诗选注[M].北京:三联书店, 2002.
[3]吴澄.故县尹萧君墓志铭[C]//李修生.全元文.南京:江苏古籍出版社, 1999.
[4]萧立之,萧敏.萧冰崖诗集拾遗[C]//续修四库全书.上海:上海古籍出版社, 2002.
[5]厉颚.宋诗纪事[M].上海:上海古籍出版社, 2013.
[6]永乐大典[M].北京:中华书局, 1986年影印本.
[7]曾曰瑛,李绂.汀州府志[M].中国方志丛书第七五号.台北:成文出版社, 1967年影印.
[8]钱锺书.容安馆札记[M].北京:商务印书馆, 2003.
[9]陶文鹏.古诗名句掇英[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社, 2000.
(1)元军统帅李公疑为李恒(1236-1285),字德卿,号长白,西夏宗室后裔,元朝名将,《元史》有传(卷一二九,列传第一六)。李恒至元七年为宣武将军伐宋,破樊城、襄阳、鄂州、汉阳。至元十二年(1275),元军分三道出兵江西,江南西路宣慰使李恒为左副都元帅。至元十四年(1277)败文天祥,降宋兵二十余万。拜参知政事,行省江西。至元十六年,与张弘范在厓山灭宋。卒赠平章政事,谥武愍,又追封滕国公。
(2)萧立之生卒年所见史料没有明确记载。据其诗《壬午元日试笔有怀十翁楚山先生两章奉寄》可推知生年是嘉泰三年(1203)。据谢枋得《萧冰崖诗卷跋》:“冰厓乃涧谷(罗椅)所知诗家,因取其诗二十六卷刊以示余,逃虚空而闻跫音也,观其诗可以知其人。”文末署“岁在癸未清明”,可知其时为1283年。谢、萧二人素未谋面,无法确定萧立之此时是否在世。《谢叠山集》,中华书局1985年,第32页。
(3)《宋人传纪资料索引》系王德毅主编,台北鼎文书局1980年出版。《中国文学家大辞典·宋代卷》系曾枣庄主编,中华书局2004年出版。傅璇琮主编《宋才子传笺证》未收萧立之。
(4)籍田令隶属太常寺,正九品。但萧立之总算从选人得为京朝官。据《中国历代官称辞典》,宋代改官之法:在任选人经由帅抚、监司、知州保举后,按本人历任任数和考数,经磨勘合格,即赴京等候班引。班引后,改授承务郎以上官资,遂成为京朝官。
(5)参见拙作《亦江湖派之近西江者--萧立之<溪行见落梅为赋>小析》,《古典文学知识》2018年第5期,详析《溪行见落梅为赋》《县圃白莲》等诗句用典,融铸前人诗句和诗境、夺胎换骨的江西派诗法。
(6)《容安馆札记》论俞德邻说他“差能自成门户,非宋末江湖体或江西体,于遗民中,足与萧冰崖抗靳”。卷2第628则,第1170页。
[2]钱锺书.宋诗选注[M].北京:三联书店, 2002.
[3]吴澄.故县尹萧君墓志铭[C]//李修生.全元文.南京:江苏古籍出版社, 1999.
[4]萧立之,萧敏.萧冰崖诗集拾遗[C]//续修四库全书.上海:上海古籍出版社, 2002.
[5]厉颚.宋诗纪事[M].上海:上海古籍出版社, 2013.
[6]永乐大典[M].北京:中华书局, 1986年影印本.
[7]曾曰瑛,李绂.汀州府志[M].中国方志丛书第七五号.台北:成文出版社, 1967年影印.
[8]钱锺书.容安馆札记[M].北京:商务印书馆, 2003.
[9]陶文鹏.古诗名句掇英[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社, 2000.
(1)元军统帅李公疑为李恒(1236-1285),字德卿,号长白,西夏宗室后裔,元朝名将,《元史》有传(卷一二九,列传第一六)。李恒至元七年为宣武将军伐宋,破樊城、襄阳、鄂州、汉阳。至元十二年(1275),元军分三道出兵江西,江南西路宣慰使李恒为左副都元帅。至元十四年(1277)败文天祥,降宋兵二十余万。拜参知政事,行省江西。至元十六年,与张弘范在厓山灭宋。卒赠平章政事,谥武愍,又追封滕国公。
(2)萧立之生卒年所见史料没有明确记载。据其诗《壬午元日试笔有怀十翁楚山先生两章奉寄》可推知生年是嘉泰三年(1203)。据谢枋得《萧冰崖诗卷跋》:“冰厓乃涧谷(罗椅)所知诗家,因取其诗二十六卷刊以示余,逃虚空而闻跫音也,观其诗可以知其人。”文末署“岁在癸未清明”,可知其时为1283年。谢、萧二人素未谋面,无法确定萧立之此时是否在世。《谢叠山集》,中华书局1985年,第32页。
(3)《宋人传纪资料索引》系王德毅主编,台北鼎文书局1980年出版。《中国文学家大辞典·宋代卷》系曾枣庄主编,中华书局2004年出版。傅璇琮主编《宋才子传笺证》未收萧立之。
(4)籍田令隶属太常寺,正九品。但萧立之总算从选人得为京朝官。据《中国历代官称辞典》,宋代改官之法:在任选人经由帅抚、监司、知州保举后,按本人历任任数和考数,经磨勘合格,即赴京等候班引。班引后,改授承务郎以上官资,遂成为京朝官。
(5)参见拙作《亦江湖派之近西江者--萧立之<溪行见落梅为赋>小析》,《古典文学知识》2018年第5期,详析《溪行见落梅为赋》《县圃白莲》等诗句用典,融铸前人诗句和诗境、夺胎换骨的江西派诗法。
(6)《容安馆札记》论俞德邻说他“差能自成门户,非宋末江湖体或江西体,于遗民中,足与萧冰崖抗靳”。卷2第628则,第1170页。