信息觅食视角的学术信息探索式搜索行为特征研究
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摘要
【目的/意义】网络的发展使学术信息的获取行为发生了改变,学术信息搜索是典型的探索式搜索,运用信息觅食理论分析学术信息探索式搜索行为已成为搜索行为特征研究的新角度。【方法/过程】从信息觅食视角构建了学术数据库搜索行为模型,通过设计特定主题的学术搜索任务开展实验,录屏记录用户的信息斑块选择、菜单选择、信息线索识别等行为数据,通过统计分析揭示学术信息探索式搜索行为的特征。【结果/结论】中文学术数据库是学术信息搜索的首选信息斑块,相关文献变少导致数据库斑块切换。主题、篇名和关键词是常见的搜索途径,三者之间的转移也最常见。用户根据标题、摘要和全文判断搜索结果的相关性。序化信息、视觉信息和文献引用是能够有效识别的信息线索。搜索结果受多方面因素的影响。
【Purpose/significance】The development of the network has changed the acquisition behavior of academic information. Academic information search is a typical exploratory search. The use of information foraging theory in analyzing the academic information search behavior has become a new trend.【Method/process】On the basis of the information foraging theory, this paper constructs an academic database search behavior model. Through the design of the academic search task of specific topics, the paper records the users' behavior data such as information patch selection, menu selection, information scent identification and so on, and reveals the academic information search behavior features through statistical analysis.【Result/conclusion】Chinese academic database is the preferred information patch for academic information search.Less related literature leads to the switching of database patches. Topics, titles and keywords are common ways of searching, and the transfer between the three is the most common. Users determine the relevance of search results based on title,summary and full-text. Sequential information, visual information and literature citation can be effectively identified as information scents. The search results are affected by many factors.
【Purpose/significance】The development of the network has changed the acquisition behavior of academic information. Academic information search is a typical exploratory search. The use of information foraging theory in analyzing the academic information search behavior has become a new trend.【Method/process】On the basis of the information foraging theory, this paper constructs an academic database search behavior model. Through the design of the academic search task of specific topics, the paper records the users' behavior data such as information patch selection, menu selection, information scent identification and so on, and reveals the academic information search behavior features through statistical analysis.【Result/conclusion】Chinese academic database is the preferred information patch for academic information search.Less related literature leads to the switching of database patches. Topics, titles and keywords are common ways of searching, and the transfer between the three is the most common. Users determine the relevance of search results based on title,summary and full-text. Sequential information, visual information and literature citation can be effectively identified as information scents. The search results are affected by many factors.
引文
1 PIROLLI P,CARD S K.Information Foraging in Information Access Environments[C]//Proceedings of the CHI.95,ACM Conference on Human Factors in Software,New York:ACM,1995:51-58.
2 STEPHENS D W,CHARNOV E L.Optimal Foraging:Some Simple Stochastic Models[J].Behavioral Ecology&Sociobiology,1982,10(4):251-263.
3 PIROLLI P,CARD S K.Information Foraging[J].Psychology Review,2009,106(4):643-675.
4 MARCHIONINI G.Exploratory Search:From Finding to Understanding[J].Communications of the ACM,2006,49(4):41-46.
5 WHITE R,ROTH R.Exploratory Search:Beyond the Query-response Paradigm[M].Williston:Morgan&Claypool Publishers,2009.
6 KANG RUORU,KANNAMPALLIL,HE JIBO et al.Conformity out of Diversity:Dynamics of Information Needs and Social Influence of Tags in Exploratory Information Search[C]//Foundations of Augmented Cognition.Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience.Berlin:Springer,2009:155-164.
7张云秋.专题:探索式搜索行为研究[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(11):5.(下转第177页)
8 ATHUKORALA K,G?OWACKA D,JACUCCI G,et al.Is Exploratory Search Different?A Comparison of Information Search Behavior for Exploratory and Lookup Tasks[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2016,67(11)2635-2651.
9 CARTRIGHT M A,WHITE R W,HORVITZ E.Intentions and Attention in Exploratory Health Search[C]//Proceedings of the 34th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.New York:ACMPress,2011:22-28.
10安文秀.基于日志与认知分析的探索式医学搜索行为研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
11 CHRISTEL M G.Supporting Video Library Exploratory Search:When Storyboards Are Not Enough[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Content-based Image and Video Retrieval.New York:ACMPress,2008:447-456.
12陈伟.科研情境下学术用户信息搜寻行为研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
13黄传慧,万力勇.高校学术用户移动学习信息查询行为影响因素分析[J].现代情报,2017,37(3):52-56.
14 LECKIE G J,PETTIGREW K E,SYLVAIN C.Modeling the Information Seeking of Professionals:A General Mode Derived from Research on Engineers,Health Care Professionals,and Lawyers[J].Library Quarterly,1996,66(2)161-193.
15李燕波.特定研究任务下学术用户的信息搜索行为特征分析--基于高校研究生的实证研究[J].图书馆学研究2013,(17):59-64.
16陈勇,李红莲,吕学强.网络用户搜索行为特征分析[J]现代图书情报技术,2014,(12):10-17.
17 HEMMINGER B M,LU D,VAUGHAN K T L,et al.Information Seeking Behavior of Academic Scientists[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science&Technology,2007,58(14):2205-2225.
18王媛媛,刘丽.基于信息觅食理论的信息搜寻行为模式构建[J].情报理论与实践,2015,38(10):38-41.
19 CHIN J,PAYNE B R,FU W,et al.Information Foraging Across the Life Span:Search and Switch in Unknown Patches[J].Topics in Cognitive Science,2015,7(3):428-450
20谢珍.基于信息觅食理论的大学生信息搜寻行为实证研究[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(11):73-77.
21张晶.基于社会化信息觅食的社会化网络搜索研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学,2013.
22甘利人,李恒.科技用户信息搜寻过程中的问题解决机制解释[J].情报学报,2006,25(4):441-450.
23 Wolfe J M,Cave K R,Franzel S L.Guided search:an alternative to the feature integration model for visual search[J]Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception&Performan,1989,15(3):419-433.
2 STEPHENS D W,CHARNOV E L.Optimal Foraging:Some Simple Stochastic Models[J].Behavioral Ecology&Sociobiology,1982,10(4):251-263.
3 PIROLLI P,CARD S K.Information Foraging[J].Psychology Review,2009,106(4):643-675.
4 MARCHIONINI G.Exploratory Search:From Finding to Understanding[J].Communications of the ACM,2006,49(4):41-46.
5 WHITE R,ROTH R.Exploratory Search:Beyond the Query-response Paradigm[M].Williston:Morgan&Claypool Publishers,2009.
6 KANG RUORU,KANNAMPALLIL,HE JIBO et al.Conformity out of Diversity:Dynamics of Information Needs and Social Influence of Tags in Exploratory Information Search[C]//Foundations of Augmented Cognition.Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience.Berlin:Springer,2009:155-164.
7张云秋.专题:探索式搜索行为研究[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(11):5.(下转第177页)
8 ATHUKORALA K,G?OWACKA D,JACUCCI G,et al.Is Exploratory Search Different?A Comparison of Information Search Behavior for Exploratory and Lookup Tasks[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2016,67(11)2635-2651.
9 CARTRIGHT M A,WHITE R W,HORVITZ E.Intentions and Attention in Exploratory Health Search[C]//Proceedings of the 34th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.New York:ACMPress,2011:22-28.
10安文秀.基于日志与认知分析的探索式医学搜索行为研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
11 CHRISTEL M G.Supporting Video Library Exploratory Search:When Storyboards Are Not Enough[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Content-based Image and Video Retrieval.New York:ACMPress,2008:447-456.
12陈伟.科研情境下学术用户信息搜寻行为研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
13黄传慧,万力勇.高校学术用户移动学习信息查询行为影响因素分析[J].现代情报,2017,37(3):52-56.
14 LECKIE G J,PETTIGREW K E,SYLVAIN C.Modeling the Information Seeking of Professionals:A General Mode Derived from Research on Engineers,Health Care Professionals,and Lawyers[J].Library Quarterly,1996,66(2)161-193.
15李燕波.特定研究任务下学术用户的信息搜索行为特征分析--基于高校研究生的实证研究[J].图书馆学研究2013,(17):59-64.
16陈勇,李红莲,吕学强.网络用户搜索行为特征分析[J]现代图书情报技术,2014,(12):10-17.
17 HEMMINGER B M,LU D,VAUGHAN K T L,et al.Information Seeking Behavior of Academic Scientists[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science&Technology,2007,58(14):2205-2225.
18王媛媛,刘丽.基于信息觅食理论的信息搜寻行为模式构建[J].情报理论与实践,2015,38(10):38-41.
19 CHIN J,PAYNE B R,FU W,et al.Information Foraging Across the Life Span:Search and Switch in Unknown Patches[J].Topics in Cognitive Science,2015,7(3):428-450
20谢珍.基于信息觅食理论的大学生信息搜寻行为实证研究[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(11):73-77.
21张晶.基于社会化信息觅食的社会化网络搜索研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学,2013.
22甘利人,李恒.科技用户信息搜寻过程中的问题解决机制解释[J].情报学报,2006,25(4):441-450.
23 Wolfe J M,Cave K R,Franzel S L.Guided search:an alternative to the feature integration model for visual search[J]Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception&Performan,1989,15(3):419-433.