平衡施肥技术体系下土壤性能综合评价研究
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摘要
近年来,随着农业生产技术的不断发展,尽管我国农产品产能不断提高,但是必须认识到农业生产中还存在着化肥施用过量导致土壤板结、主要营养元素投入比例失调引发农产品质量下降、化肥利用率低、各种病害严重频发等各种问题。基于此,在中国农业科学院土壤肥料专家的指导下,河北省玉田县自1995年开始进行测土配方施肥技术研究,2004年平衡施肥技术体系进行大区域示范推广。平衡施肥技术体系经10多年的推广应用,累计完成应用面积650 000 hm~2,在单位化肥增产效能提高36.65%的基础上,实现土壤容重年均递减0.80%～1.05%,田间持水量增加8.87%～10.37%,同时土壤各种速效性养分含量呈明显上升趋势,为实现农业资源的可持续发展奠定了基础。
In recent years, with the continuous development of agricultural technology, agricultural production capacity in our country constantly increase. However, it is necessary to realize that there are still some problems in agricultural production, such as soil hardening caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer, poor quality of agricultural products caused by imbalance input proportion of main nutrient, low utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, and serious frequent occurrence of various diseases in agricultural production. Based on this, under the guidance of soil fertilizer experts of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, soil testing and formula fertilization technology research is carried out in Yutian County of Hebei Province in 1995, and balanced fertilization technology system is demonstrated and extended on a large scale in 2004. After more than ten years of popularization and application, the application area of balanced fertilization technology system accumulated by 650 000 hm~2. On the basis of 36.65% increase in yield-increasing efficiency of unit chemical fertilizer, the soil bulk density decreases by 0.80%～1.05% annually and the field water holding capacity increases by 8.87%～10.37%. At the same time, there is an obvious upward trend for available nutrient content in soil, which lays a foundation for the sustainable development of agricultural resources.
In recent years, with the continuous development of agricultural technology, agricultural production capacity in our country constantly increase. However, it is necessary to realize that there are still some problems in agricultural production, such as soil hardening caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer, poor quality of agricultural products caused by imbalance input proportion of main nutrient, low utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, and serious frequent occurrence of various diseases in agricultural production. Based on this, under the guidance of soil fertilizer experts of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, soil testing and formula fertilization technology research is carried out in Yutian County of Hebei Province in 1995, and balanced fertilization technology system is demonstrated and extended on a large scale in 2004. After more than ten years of popularization and application, the application area of balanced fertilization technology system accumulated by 650 000 hm~2. On the basis of 36.65% increase in yield-increasing efficiency of unit chemical fertilizer, the soil bulk density decreases by 0.80%～1.05% annually and the field water holding capacity increases by 8.87%～10.37%. At the same time, there is an obvious upward trend for available nutrient content in soil, which lays a foundation for the sustainable development of agricultural resources.
引文
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[4]宋日,吴春胜,牟金明,等.深松土对玉米根系生长发育的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2000(4):73-75.
[5]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010(4):611-620.
[6]朱捍华,黄道友,刘守龙,等.稻草易地还土对丘陵红壤有机质和主要物理性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007(11):2497-2502.
[7]王道中,花可可,郭志彬.长期施肥对砂姜黑土作物产量及土壤物理性质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015(23):4781-4789
[8]王道龙,羊文超.可持续农业和农村发展的定义与内涵[J].农业经济问题,1997(10):14-17.