云南省佤族、拉祜族与哈尼族成人的体成分比较研究
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摘要
为了解佤族、拉祜族和哈尼族的体成分特征与差异,采用生物电阻抗法,对云南省普洱市563例佤族成人(男性239例,女性324例)、412例哈尼族成人(男性148例,女性264例)和478例拉祜族成人(男性239例,女性239例)进行身高、体质量及17项体成分指标的测量.结果显示:①随着年龄增长,3个民族男性和女性的体质量、总肌肉量、推定骨量、总能量代谢和躯干肌肉量均呈下降趋势,内脏脂肪等级均呈上升趋势;②身体脂肪方面,3个民族男性群体总体脂率、躯干脂肪率、内脏脂肪率、上肢脂肪率的排序为哈尼族>佤族>拉祜族,女性群体的排序为佤族>哈尼族>拉祜族;③肌肉量方面,不论是躯干还是四肢,佤族的肌肉量总体上都高于拉祜族和哈尼族,拉祜族的肌肉量最低.以BMI为标准判断3个民族的肥胖率,3个民族男性群体肥胖率的排序为哈尼族>佤族>拉祜族,女性群体排序为佤族>哈尼族>拉祜族,这与身体脂肪的排序一致.
To learn the characteristics and differences of body compositions of Va,Lahu and Hani nationalities,563 Va adults(239 males,324 females),412 Hani adults(148 males,264 females)and 478 Lahu adults(239 males,264 females)living in Pu′er of Yunnan Province were investigated via the measurement of height,body mass,and 17 body composition indicators by bioelectrical impedance method. The results showed that:①With the increase of age,the body mass,total muscle mass,estimated bone mass,total energy metabolism and trunk muscle mass of males and females of the three nationalities all decreased,and the visceral fat level increased;②In the aspect of body fat,the sequence of total fat rate,trunk fat rate,visceral fat rate and upper limb fat rate of males was Hani > Wa > Lahu,and the sequence of these indicators of females was Wa > Hani > Lahu;③In the aspect of muscle mass,the muscle mass of trunk and limbs of Wa nationality was higher than that of Lahu and Hani,and the muscle mass of Lahu nationality was the lowest. According to the judgment based on BMI standard,the sequence of obesity rate of males for the three nationalities was Hani >Wa > Lahu,and the sequence of females was Wa > Hani > Lahu,which was in accordance with the sequence of body fat.
To learn the characteristics and differences of body compositions of Va,Lahu and Hani nationalities,563 Va adults(239 males,324 females),412 Hani adults(148 males,264 females)and 478 Lahu adults(239 males,264 females)living in Pu′er of Yunnan Province were investigated via the measurement of height,body mass,and 17 body composition indicators by bioelectrical impedance method. The results showed that:①With the increase of age,the body mass,total muscle mass,estimated bone mass,total energy metabolism and trunk muscle mass of males and females of the three nationalities all decreased,and the visceral fat level increased;②In the aspect of body fat,the sequence of total fat rate,trunk fat rate,visceral fat rate and upper limb fat rate of males was Hani > Wa > Lahu,and the sequence of these indicators of females was Wa > Hani > Lahu;③In the aspect of muscle mass,the muscle mass of trunk and limbs of Wa nationality was higher than that of Lahu and Hani,and the muscle mass of Lahu nationality was the lowest. According to the judgment based on BMI standard,the sequence of obesity rate of males for the three nationalities was Hani >Wa > Lahu,and the sequence of females was Wa > Hani > Lahu,which was in accordance with the sequence of body fat.
引文
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[18]陈静,田志强.腹部脂肪分布与代谢综合征组分关系的研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2005,30(8):683-686.CHEN J,TIAN Z Q.Study on the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and components of metabolic syndrome[J].Chinese PLA Medical Journal,2005,30(8):683-686(in Chinese).
[19]谢明明,李杰.高血压与其他疾病合并存在现况研究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2018,15(3):11-14.XIE M M,LI J.Study on the current situation of hypertension complicated with other diseases[J].Health Medical Research and Practice,2018,15(3):11-14(in Chinese).
[20]郑邦伟.浅析腹型肥胖对人体健康的危害[J].中西医结合心血管病电子杂志,2018,6(11):195-196.ZHENG B W.Brief analysis of the harm of abdominal obesity to human health[J].Electronic Journal of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,2018,6(11):195-196(in Chinese).
[21]李咏兰,郑连斌,金丹.黎族的体成分与体质特征[J].人类学学报,2017,36(2):1-11.LI Y L,ZHENG L B,JIN D.Body composition and physical characteristics of Li nationality[J].Journal of Anthropology,2017,36(2):1-11(in Chinese).
[22]SIMPSON L,MUKHERJEE S,COOPER M N,et al.Sex differences in the association of regional fat distribution with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea[J].Sleep,2010,33(4):467-474.
[23]周新丽,赵家军.肥胖与性激素[J].中国实用内科杂志,2011,31(4):257-259.ZHOU X L,ZHAO J J.Obesity and sex hormones[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine,2011,31(4):257-259(in Chinese).
[2]李依蔓.论普洱少数民族习惯法[J].法制与社会,2017(3):157-158.LI Y M.The customary law of Puer minorities[J].Legal System and Society,2017(3):157-158(in Chinese).
[3]周家瑜.佤族的原始宗教与民族文化传承[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2005(2):67-71.ZHOU J Y.The primitive religion of the Va nationality and the inheritance of national culture[J].Journal of Chuxiong Normal University,2005(2):67-71(in Chinese).
[4]陈国庆.佤族食俗[J].民俗研究,1995(2):34-36.CHEN G Q.The food custom of the Va nationality[J].Folklore Studies,1995(2):34-36(in Chinese).
[5]《哈尼族简史》编写组.哈尼族简史[M].北京:民族出版社,2016.“A Brief History of the Hani Nationality”Writing Group.A Brief History of the Hani Nationality[M].Beijing:Ethnic Publishing House,2016(in Chinese).
[6]李根.从游猎到游耕:拉祜族传统生产方式的发展与演变[J].广西民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2000(3):36-39.LI G.From hunting to farming:The development and evolution of Lahu′s traditional mode of production[J].Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Science Edition),2000(3):36-39(in Chinese).
[7]姜毅霞.云南少数民族饮食文化资源开发利用研究[D].昆明:云南财经大学,2017.JIANG Y X.Research on the Development and Utilization of Ethnic Minority Diet Culture Resources in Yunnan[D].Kunming:Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,2017(in Chinese).
[8]陈燕.哈尼族梯田文化的内涵、成因与特点[J].贵州民族研究,2007(4):105-109.CHEN Y.The connotations,causes and features of the Hani′s terracedfield culture[J].Guizhou Ethnic Studies,2007(4):105-109(in Chinese).
[9]于会新.佤族体质人类学与人类群体遗传学研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2008.YU H X.Physical Anthropology and Human Population Genetics of Wa Nationality[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Normal University,2008(in Chinese).
[10]李明,李跃敏.云南拉祜族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2001,20(1):39-44.LI M,LI Y M.Physical characteristics of Lahu nationality in Yunnan[J].Journal of Anthropology,2001,20(1):39-44(in Chinese).
[11]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2010.XI H J,CHEN Z.Anthropometric Methods[M].2nd edition.Beijing:Science Press,2010(in Chinese).
[12]中国肥胖问题工作组.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南(节录)[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):1-4.Working Group on Obesity in China.Guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Chinese adults(Extract)[J].ACTANutrimenta Sinica,2004,26(1):1-4(in Chinese).
[13]王雅萱,张兴华,宇克莉,等.中国基诺族的人体体成分研究[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(5):66-69.WANG Y X,ZHANG X H,YU K L.Study on the body composition of Jinuo nationality in China[J].Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,37(5):66-69(in Chinese).
[14]宇克莉,贾亚兰,郑连斌.布朗族成人身体成分分析[J/OL].人类学学报,2017:DOI:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2017.0066.YU K L,JIA Y L,ZHENG L B.Body component analysis of brown adults[J/OL].Journal of Anthropology,2017:DOI:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2017.0066.
[15]宇克莉,王子善,张兴华.尔苏人与木雅人身体成分分析[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(1):70-75.YU K L,WANG Z S,ZHANG X H.Ersu and Muya′s body composition analysis[J].Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2018,38(1):70-75(in Chinese).
[16]范丹丹,苏畅.中国三省成年居民肥胖指标与高血压和血脂异常的关系[J].卫生研究,2018,47(6):875-882.FAN D D,SU C.The relationship between obesity index and hypertension and dyslipidemia among adult residents in three provinces of China[J].Health Research,2018,47(6):875-882(in Chinese).
[17]焦巳彧,马春朋.中青年男性体成分和体脂分布与血脂代谢的相关研究[J].河北医药,2013,35(22):3433-3434.JIAO S B,MA C P.Study on the correlation between body composition,body fat distribution and blood lipid metabolism in young and middleaged men[J].Hebei Medicine,2013,35(22):3433-3434(in Chinese).
[18]陈静,田志强.腹部脂肪分布与代谢综合征组分关系的研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2005,30(8):683-686.CHEN J,TIAN Z Q.Study on the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and components of metabolic syndrome[J].Chinese PLA Medical Journal,2005,30(8):683-686(in Chinese).
[19]谢明明,李杰.高血压与其他疾病合并存在现况研究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2018,15(3):11-14.XIE M M,LI J.Study on the current situation of hypertension complicated with other diseases[J].Health Medical Research and Practice,2018,15(3):11-14(in Chinese).
[20]郑邦伟.浅析腹型肥胖对人体健康的危害[J].中西医结合心血管病电子杂志,2018,6(11):195-196.ZHENG B W.Brief analysis of the harm of abdominal obesity to human health[J].Electronic Journal of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,2018,6(11):195-196(in Chinese).
[21]李咏兰,郑连斌,金丹.黎族的体成分与体质特征[J].人类学学报,2017,36(2):1-11.LI Y L,ZHENG L B,JIN D.Body composition and physical characteristics of Li nationality[J].Journal of Anthropology,2017,36(2):1-11(in Chinese).
[22]SIMPSON L,MUKHERJEE S,COOPER M N,et al.Sex differences in the association of regional fat distribution with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea[J].Sleep,2010,33(4):467-474.
[23]周新丽,赵家军.肥胖与性激素[J].中国实用内科杂志,2011,31(4):257-259.ZHOU X L,ZHAO J J.Obesity and sex hormones[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine,2011,31(4):257-259(in Chinese).