含油气盆地异常低压成因及低压油气藏形成机理
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摘要
对含油气盆地异常低压成因及低压油气藏形成机理进行了研究。研究表明,地层抬升剥蚀引发的剥蚀卸载作用以及地层降温作用是导致异常低压的最主要原因;由于局部地形高差和岩性差异导致的地下水稳态流动也是形成异常低压的重要原因;二氧化碳溶解,轻烃逸散和饱和天然气深埋作用是气藏低压的主要成因;成岩矿物转化及断裂不整合面的泄压作用是否能形成异常低压存在一定的争议;低压油藏和气藏的形成机理存在差异,低压气藏的形成主要由于深盆气藏或致密气藏的饱和天然气深埋作用导致,后期的剥蚀卸载和降温可能导致地层压力的进一步下降;低压油藏的形成可分2类,其一是砂岩透镜体油藏由于地层抬升发生剥蚀卸载作用并向周围泥岩排水造成的油藏低压,其二是由于剥蚀卸载和降温形成的低压区域作为优势油气运移区被后期形成的油气充注。
Abnormal low pressure in petroliferous basins is proven to be widely distributed worldwide.The researches for their genetic mechanism show that the effect of denudation and unloading induced by the formation uplift and erosion,as well as the temperature drop-down effect of the formation,is the most important cause of abnormal low pressure.Besides,the steady-state flow of groundwater caused by the difference of local topographic height and lithology is also an important reason for the formation of abnormal low pressure.Dissolution of CO_2,diffusion of light hydrocarbon and the deep burial of saturated natural gas are the major genesis of low pressure in gas reservoirs.While it is controversial whether the pressure relief of diagenetic mineral transformation and fault unconformity surface can form abnormal low pressure.There exists difference of the forming mechanisms between low pressured oil reservoirs and gas reservoirs.The low pressure gas reservoirs are formed by deep burial effect of saturated gas in deep-basin gas reservoirs and tight gas reservoirs,and the denudation and temperature reduction in the late period can further induce decreasing of formation pressure.The formation of low pressured oil reservoirs can be divided into two types.One is the reservoir low pressure caused by the denudation and unloading of sandstone lenticular reservoir and drainage to the surrounding mudstone.The other is that the low-pressure area formed by denudation,unloading and cooling is a low-pressure reservoir formed by the late formation of oil-gas filling in the dominant oil-gas migration areas.
Abnormal low pressure in petroliferous basins is proven to be widely distributed worldwide.The researches for their genetic mechanism show that the effect of denudation and unloading induced by the formation uplift and erosion,as well as the temperature drop-down effect of the formation,is the most important cause of abnormal low pressure.Besides,the steady-state flow of groundwater caused by the difference of local topographic height and lithology is also an important reason for the formation of abnormal low pressure.Dissolution of CO_2,diffusion of light hydrocarbon and the deep burial of saturated natural gas are the major genesis of low pressure in gas reservoirs.While it is controversial whether the pressure relief of diagenetic mineral transformation and fault unconformity surface can form abnormal low pressure.There exists difference of the forming mechanisms between low pressured oil reservoirs and gas reservoirs.The low pressure gas reservoirs are formed by deep burial effect of saturated gas in deep-basin gas reservoirs and tight gas reservoirs,and the denudation and temperature reduction in the late period can further induce decreasing of formation pressure.The formation of low pressured oil reservoirs can be divided into two types.One is the reservoir low pressure caused by the denudation and unloading of sandstone lenticular reservoir and drainage to the surrounding mudstone.The other is that the low-pressure area formed by denudation,unloading and cooling is a low-pressure reservoir formed by the late formation of oil-gas filling in the dominant oil-gas migration areas.
引文
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[3]Senger R K,Kreitler C W,Fogg G E.Regional underpressuring in deep brine aquifers,Palo Duro basin,Texas:2.The effect of Cenozoic basin development [J].Water Resources Research,1987,23(8):1494～1504.
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[5]华保钦,林锡祥,杨小梅.鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界负压气藏及运移[J].沉积学报,1994,11(2):105～112.
[6]谢习农,焦纠纠,熊海河.松辽盆地十屋断陷异常低压体系及成因机制[J].地球学报,2002,23(3):61～66.
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[8]李延钧,陈义才,黄健全,等.吐哈盆地红南—红西地区油气负压系统成因[J].西南石油学院学报,1999,21(1):6～9.
[9]刘晓峰,解习农.东营凹陷低压系统的特征及成因机制[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):66～69.
[10]王翘楚,陈冬霞,宋国奇,等.临南洼陷沙河街组三段异常低压分布特征及成因机制[J].东北石油大学学报,2018,42(1):49～59+124.
[11]李士祥,施泽进,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界异常低压成因定量分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):528～533.
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[13]姜振学,田丰华,夏淑华.砂岩回弹物理模拟实验[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):246～251.
[14]邹华耀,郝芳,蔡勋育.沉积盆地异常低压与低压油气藏成藏机理综述[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(2):45～50.
[15]Peterson R.Rebound in the Bearpaw Shale,western Canada [J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1958,69(6):1113～1124.
[16]Matheton D S,Thompson S.Geological implication of valley rebound [J].Canadian Journal of Earth Science,1973,10(6):961～968.
[17]Neuzil C E,Pollock D W.Erosional unloading and fluid pressures in hydraulically “tight” rocks [J].Journal of Geology,1983,91:179～193.
[18]Silver C.Entrapment of petroleum in isolated porous bodies [J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(5):726～740.
[19]Hodgman C D.Handbook of chemistry and physics [M].Cleveland,Ohio:Chemical Rubber Pub Co.,1957.
[20]张立宽,王震亮,于在平.沉积盆地异常低压的成因[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(5):422～426.
[21]邱楠生,左银辉,常健,等.中国东西部典型盆地中-新生代热体制对比[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):157～168.
[22]彭波,邹华耀.渤海盆地现今岩石圈热结构及新生代构造-热演化史[J].现代地质,2013,27(6):1399～1406.
[23]苏向光,邱楠生,柳忠泉,等.济阳坳陷惠民凹陷热演化史分析 [J].天然气工业,2006,26(10):15～17.
[24]张善文.成岩过程中的“耗水作用”及其石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):701～707.
[25]Senger R K,Fogg G E.Regional underpressuring in deep brineaquifers,Palo Duro basin,Texas (1):Effects of hydrostrati-graphy and topography [J].Water Resour Res,1987,23(10):1481～1493.
[26]Daria A,Marc A.Causes of underpressure in natural CO2 reservoirs and implications for geological storage [J].The geological society of America,2017,45(1):47～50.
[27]金博,刘震,张荣新,等.沉积盆地异常低压(负压)与油气分布[J].地球学报,2004,25(3):351～356.
[28]解习农,焦赳赳,熊海河.松辽盆地十屋断陷异常低压体系及其成因机制[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2003,28(1):61～66.
[29]李纯泉,刘惠民.临南洼陷沙三段异常地层压力及其演化特征[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2013,38(1):105～111.
[30]刘晓峰.转换伸展型盆地异常压力的分布与成因机制分析:以惠民凹陷临南洼陷为例[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(5):1～4.
[31]John S B.Abnormal formation pressure [J].AAPG Bulletin,1975,59(6):957～973.
[32]Stefan B,Underschultz J R.Large-scale underpressuring in Mississippian-Cretaceous Succession,Southwestern Alberta Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(7):989～1004.
[33]Karsten M,Stefan B.Fluids and pressure distributions in the foreland-basin succession in the West-Central part of the Alberta Basin,Canada:Evidence for permeability barriers and hydrocarbon generation and migration [J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85 (7):1231～1252.
[34]赵阳,刘震,戴立昌.惠民凹陷临南洼陷异常低压与油气聚集的关系[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2004,34(6):713～716.
[35]刘元晴,周乐,曾溅辉,等.惠民凹陷中央隆起带异常低压特征及成因分析[J].现代地质,2018,32(1):154～161.
[2]Hunt J M.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressure fluid compartments.[J]AAPG Bulletin,1990,74 (1):1～12.
[3]Senger R K,Kreitler C W,Fogg G E.Regional underpressuring in deep brine aquifers,Palo Duro basin,Texas:2.The effect of Cenozoic basin development [J].Water Resources Research,1987,23(8):1494～1504.
[4]Belitz K,Bredehoeft J D.Hydrodynamics of Denver Basin Explanation of subnormal fluid pressures [J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,72(3):416～424.
[5]华保钦,林锡祥,杨小梅.鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界负压气藏及运移[J].沉积学报,1994,11(2):105～112.
[6]谢习农,焦纠纠,熊海河.松辽盆地十屋断陷异常低压体系及成因机制[J].地球学报,2002,23(3):61～66.
[7]曾治平,蔡勋育,邹华耀.负压地层形成机制及其对油气藏的影响[J].地球学报,2002,23(3):255～258.
[8]李延钧,陈义才,黄健全,等.吐哈盆地红南—红西地区油气负压系统成因[J].西南石油学院学报,1999,21(1):6～9.
[9]刘晓峰,解习农.东营凹陷低压系统的特征及成因机制[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):66～69.
[10]王翘楚,陈冬霞,宋国奇,等.临南洼陷沙河街组三段异常低压分布特征及成因机制[J].东北石油大学学报,2018,42(1):49～59+124.
[11]李士祥,施泽进,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界异常低压成因定量分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):528～533.
[12]Russell W L.Pressure-depth relations in appalachian region [J].AAPG Bulletin,1972,56(3):528～536.
[13]姜振学,田丰华,夏淑华.砂岩回弹物理模拟实验[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):246～251.
[14]邹华耀,郝芳,蔡勋育.沉积盆地异常低压与低压油气藏成藏机理综述[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(2):45～50.
[15]Peterson R.Rebound in the Bearpaw Shale,western Canada [J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1958,69(6):1113～1124.
[16]Matheton D S,Thompson S.Geological implication of valley rebound [J].Canadian Journal of Earth Science,1973,10(6):961～968.
[17]Neuzil C E,Pollock D W.Erosional unloading and fluid pressures in hydraulically “tight” rocks [J].Journal of Geology,1983,91:179～193.
[18]Silver C.Entrapment of petroleum in isolated porous bodies [J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(5):726～740.
[19]Hodgman C D.Handbook of chemistry and physics [M].Cleveland,Ohio:Chemical Rubber Pub Co.,1957.
[20]张立宽,王震亮,于在平.沉积盆地异常低压的成因[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(5):422～426.
[21]邱楠生,左银辉,常健,等.中国东西部典型盆地中-新生代热体制对比[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):157～168.
[22]彭波,邹华耀.渤海盆地现今岩石圈热结构及新生代构造-热演化史[J].现代地质,2013,27(6):1399～1406.
[23]苏向光,邱楠生,柳忠泉,等.济阳坳陷惠民凹陷热演化史分析 [J].天然气工业,2006,26(10):15～17.
[24]张善文.成岩过程中的“耗水作用”及其石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):701～707.
[25]Senger R K,Fogg G E.Regional underpressuring in deep brineaquifers,Palo Duro basin,Texas (1):Effects of hydrostrati-graphy and topography [J].Water Resour Res,1987,23(10):1481～1493.
[26]Daria A,Marc A.Causes of underpressure in natural CO2 reservoirs and implications for geological storage [J].The geological society of America,2017,45(1):47～50.
[27]金博,刘震,张荣新,等.沉积盆地异常低压(负压)与油气分布[J].地球学报,2004,25(3):351～356.
[28]解习农,焦赳赳,熊海河.松辽盆地十屋断陷异常低压体系及其成因机制[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2003,28(1):61～66.
[29]李纯泉,刘惠民.临南洼陷沙三段异常地层压力及其演化特征[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2013,38(1):105～111.
[30]刘晓峰.转换伸展型盆地异常压力的分布与成因机制分析:以惠民凹陷临南洼陷为例[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(5):1～4.
[31]John S B.Abnormal formation pressure [J].AAPG Bulletin,1975,59(6):957～973.
[32]Stefan B,Underschultz J R.Large-scale underpressuring in Mississippian-Cretaceous Succession,Southwestern Alberta Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(7):989～1004.
[33]Karsten M,Stefan B.Fluids and pressure distributions in the foreland-basin succession in the West-Central part of the Alberta Basin,Canada:Evidence for permeability barriers and hydrocarbon generation and migration [J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85 (7):1231～1252.
[34]赵阳,刘震,戴立昌.惠民凹陷临南洼陷异常低压与油气聚集的关系[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2004,34(6):713～716.
[35]刘元晴,周乐,曾溅辉,等.惠民凹陷中央隆起带异常低压特征及成因分析[J].现代地质,2018,32(1):154～161.