ICMM职业健康风险评估模型在承德市某焦化厂职业病危害评价中的应用
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摘要
目的 探究国际采矿和金属委员会(ICMM)职业健康风险评估模型在焦化厂职业健康风险评估中的适用性。方法 以承德市某焦化厂主要岗位为研究对象,对现场劳动卫生学调查数据运用ICMM模型的定量法和矩阵法分别进行分析评估。结果 输煤皮带巡检工、泵工以及粗苯巡检工接触噪声分别89.9、89.7、88.9 dB(A),输煤皮带巡检工接触粉尘浓度为4.24 mg/m~3,粗苯巡检工接触苯浓度为9.50 mg/m~3,均超过职业接触限值,评估结果均为高风险。其余危害因素浓度均低于职业接触限值,评估结果均为低风险。其中矩阵法和定量法评估结果不同的岗位有8处,其余结果均一致。结论 ICMM模型适用于焦化厂的粉尘、噪声、化学物质职业危害因素的健康风险评估,但不适于致癌物的风险评估。ICMM模型矩阵法较定量法更符合该焦化企业实际情况。
[Objective]To explore the applicability of a health risk assessment model provided by the International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM)in a coking plant.[Methods]The main posts of a coking plant in Chengde City were selected as the research object,the quantitative method and matrix method of ICMM model were used to analyze and evaluate the field labor health survey data.[Results]Noise intensity of coal belt inspector,pump operator and crude benzene inspector was respectively89.9,89.7 and 88.9 d B(A),dust concentration of coal belt inspector was 4.24 mg/m~3,and benzene concentration of crude benzene inspector was 9.50 mg/m~3,all of them exceeded the occupational exposure limit and the evaluation results were high risk. The intensity/concentration of other hazard factors were all lower than the occupational exposure limit and the evaluation results were all low risk. The quantitative and matrix methods of ICMM model showed different results in eight posts,and the other results were consistent.[Conclusion]ICMM model can be applied in the occupational health risk assessment of dust,noise,and chemicals but carcinogen in coking plants. The matrix method is more in line with the actual situation of the coking enterprise than quantitative method.
[Objective]To explore the applicability of a health risk assessment model provided by the International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM)in a coking plant.[Methods]The main posts of a coking plant in Chengde City were selected as the research object,the quantitative method and matrix method of ICMM model were used to analyze and evaluate the field labor health survey data.[Results]Noise intensity of coal belt inspector,pump operator and crude benzene inspector was respectively89.9,89.7 and 88.9 d B(A),dust concentration of coal belt inspector was 4.24 mg/m~3,and benzene concentration of crude benzene inspector was 9.50 mg/m~3,all of them exceeded the occupational exposure limit and the evaluation results were high risk. The intensity/concentration of other hazard factors were all lower than the occupational exposure limit and the evaluation results were all low risk. The quantitative and matrix methods of ICMM model showed different results in eight posts,and the other results were consistent.[Conclusion]ICMM model can be applied in the occupational health risk assessment of dust,noise,and chemicals but carcinogen in coking plants. The matrix method is more in line with the actual situation of the coking enterprise than quantitative method.
引文
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[6]张鹏,刘弢,李辉,等.两种风险评估模型在转椅家具制造企业的应用比较[J].浙江预防医学,2018,30(2):158-162.
[7]张敬东,伍紫贤,李飞,等.基于ICMM评估法的中国采石业健康风险评估探索[J].环境工程,2017,35(5):141-144.
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[10]黄丽静,于碧鲲,郭志伟,等.低浓度苯职业接触健康危害研究[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(8):978-980.
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[12]陈自然,凌均超,朱志良,等.深圳市龙华新区低浓度苯职业危害现况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(6):724-726.
[13]裴炳安.苯的危害及检测[J].炼油技术与工程,2012,42(11):62-64.
[14]孙贵范.职业卫生与职业医学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:123-127.
[15]冷朋波,王群利,王爱红,等.基于ICMM风险评估技术的某电镀企业职业健康风险的定量定性评估研究[J].中国卫生工程学,2016,15(6):544-549.
[16]王爱红,冷朋波,李晓海,等.两种风险评估法在某黑色金属铸造企业职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(10):909-913.
[17]闵庆霞.国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估模型在某耐火材料企业风险评估中的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(6):452-454.
[18]谢红卫,张美辨,周莉芳,等.两种风险评估模型在印刷行业中的应用研究[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(1):29-33.
[19]高妍,施爱民,张绮.职业病危害风险评估方法研究与应用现状[J].职业与健康,2015,31(8):1138-1141.
[20]刘文慧,苏世标,徐海娟,等.职业健康风险评估方法应用研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(4):487-490.
[2]赵相云,戴冠昌,吕艳红.某焦化企业职业病危害控制措施的探讨[J].中国卫生工程学,2016,15(2):171-173.
[3]丁钢强,张美辨.国外职业健康风险评估指南[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2014:219-221.
[4]徐昇,刘勇.ICMM定性风险评价在职业病危害预评价工作中的应用[J].职业与健康,2013,29(10):1212-1214.
[5]厉小燕,陈坤,张美辨,等.国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估模型在火力发电厂的应用研究[J].浙江预防医学,2013,25(11):16-20.
[6]张鹏,刘弢,李辉,等.两种风险评估模型在转椅家具制造企业的应用比较[J].浙江预防医学,2018,30(2):158-162.
[7]张敬东,伍紫贤,李飞,等.基于ICMM评估法的中国采石业健康风险评估探索[J].环境工程,2017,35(5):141-144.
[8]李德鸿,何凤生.尘肺病[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:29-32.
[9]李国瑞,杜向阳,孙健新.焦化生产过程中的职业危害因素分析[J].山西化工,2007,27(4):48-49.
[10]黄丽静,于碧鲲,郭志伟,等.低浓度苯职业接触健康危害研究[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(8):978-980.
[11]姬红蓉,张世杰,唐千之,等.青海省苯职业危害现状及防治对策[J].中国职业医学,2001,28(1):19-21.
[12]陈自然,凌均超,朱志良,等.深圳市龙华新区低浓度苯职业危害现况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(6):724-726.
[13]裴炳安.苯的危害及检测[J].炼油技术与工程,2012,42(11):62-64.
[14]孙贵范.职业卫生与职业医学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:123-127.
[15]冷朋波,王群利,王爱红,等.基于ICMM风险评估技术的某电镀企业职业健康风险的定量定性评估研究[J].中国卫生工程学,2016,15(6):544-549.
[16]王爱红,冷朋波,李晓海,等.两种风险评估法在某黑色金属铸造企业职业健康风险评估中的应用[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(10):909-913.
[17]闵庆霞.国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估模型在某耐火材料企业风险评估中的应用[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(6):452-454.
[18]谢红卫,张美辨,周莉芳,等.两种风险评估模型在印刷行业中的应用研究[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(1):29-33.
[19]高妍,施爱民,张绮.职业病危害风险评估方法研究与应用现状[J].职业与健康,2015,31(8):1138-1141.
[20]刘文慧,苏世标,徐海娟,等.职业健康风险评估方法应用研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(4):487-490.