碳系填充型导电聚氨酯弹性体性能研究
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摘要
以预聚体法制备了导电聚氨酯弹性体,分析了乙炔炭黑、超导炭黑、多壁碳纳米管和纳米石墨4种导电填料以不同含量在复合材料中的内部结构形态,并研究了复合材料的体积电阻率、力学性能及热稳定性。通过分析添加量与体积电阻率的关系得到4种复合材料的渗滤阈值,对比分析了复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度和扯断伸长率,采用热重分析仪对热分解过程进行研究和探讨。结果表明:导电填料粒径越小,比表面积越大,可在较低含量时达到渗滤阈值。添加多壁碳纳米管的复合材料,其力学性能得到有效提高。在最大失重阶段的热分解上,超导炭黑填充型材料分解温度为435±3℃,较其他复合材料高20℃左右,具有较好的高温热稳定性。
Conductive polyurethane elastomers were prepared by the prepolymer method.The internal structure and morphology of acetylene black,superconducting carbon black,carbon nanotubes,nano-graphite fillers with different contents in composites were analyzed,and studied the volume resistivity,mechanical properties and thermal stability of them.The percolation thresholds of 4 kinds of composites were obtained by analyzing the relationship between the add amount and volume resistivity.The hardness,tensile strength,elongation at break of composites were compared and analyzed.Thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA)was used to study and discuss the thermal decomposition process.The results indicated that the smaller the conductive filler particle size was,the greater the specific surface area was,and the percolation threshold can be reached at lower levels.The mechanical properties of composites with carbon nanotubes were improved effectively.The decomposition temperature of superconducting carbon black filled composites was 455±3℃,which was about 20℃ higher than other composites and had better thermal stability at high temperature.
Conductive polyurethane elastomers were prepared by the prepolymer method.The internal structure and morphology of acetylene black,superconducting carbon black,carbon nanotubes,nano-graphite fillers with different contents in composites were analyzed,and studied the volume resistivity,mechanical properties and thermal stability of them.The percolation thresholds of 4 kinds of composites were obtained by analyzing the relationship between the add amount and volume resistivity.The hardness,tensile strength,elongation at break of composites were compared and analyzed.Thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA)was used to study and discuss the thermal decomposition process.The results indicated that the smaller the conductive filler particle size was,the greater the specific surface area was,and the percolation threshold can be reached at lower levels.The mechanical properties of composites with carbon nanotubes were improved effectively.The decomposition temperature of superconducting carbon black filled composites was 455±3℃,which was about 20℃ higher than other composites and had better thermal stability at high temperature.
引文
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[4]潘小山,范维,周子冠,等.柔性温度传感器研究进展[J].传感器与微系统,2017,36(10):1-3.
[5]曹建国,周建辉,缪存孝,等.电子皮肤触觉传感器研究进展与发展趋势[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2017,49(1):1-13.
[6]Nag A,Mukhopadhyay S C,Kosel J.Wearable flexible sensors:a review[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2017,17(13):3949-3960.
[7]霍小平.复合导电高分子材料的改性及应用研究进展[J].中国胶粘剂,2016,25(6):57-61.
[8]曾敏,伍江涛,冯猛,等.碳系填料在聚合物基导电复合材料中的应用[J].橡胶工业,2010,57(6):378-382.
[9]李帅臻,李斌,段建瑞,等.碳纳米管/炭黑填充型导电聚氨酯弹性体的制备及其性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2016,44(10):52-54.
[10]黄英,黄钰,高峰,等.填充炭黑对柔性触觉传感器用导电硅橡胶性能的影响[J].功能材料,2010,41(2):225-227,231.
[11]刘顺华,李鹏,杜纪柱,等.炭黑填充复合型硅橡胶屏蔽性能及拉敏特性研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2006,46(2):207-211.
[12]杨绪迎,吴文彪.炭黑填充型导电硅橡胶的性能研究[J].橡胶工业,2007,54(11):677-678.
[13]Potschke P,HauBler L,Pegel S,et al.Thermoplastic polyurethane filled with carbon nanotubes for electrical dissipative and conductive applications[J].Kgk Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe,2014,60(9):432-437.
[14]李清静,陈建,孙文龙,等.炭黑分散性质的研究[J].中国材料科技与设备,2011(1):35-37.
[15]Gyul'misaryan T G,Kapustin V M.Disperse systems as main feedstock for carbon black production[J].Petroleum Chemistry,2016,56(7):580-586.
[16]叶明泉,贺丽丽,韩爱军.填充复合型导电高分子材料导电机理及导电性能影响因素研究概况[J].化工新型材料,2008,36(11):13-15.
[17]Mclachlan D.Electrical resistivity of composites[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1990,73(8):2187-2202.
[18]Stauffer D,Aharony A.Introduction to percolation theory[M].Physics Today,Taylor &Francis,1994,20(10):192.
[19]Ezquerra T A,Kulescza M,Cruz C S,et al.Charge transport in polyethylene-graphite composite materials[J].Advanced Materials,1990,2(12):597-600.
[20]赵长才,鲁国林.扩链剂对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,1999(6):11-14.
[21]赵洪祥,蒋玉湘,赵天宝,等.硬段微区结构与聚氨酯脲弹性体力学性能及耐热性的相关性[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2017,33(6):100-104.