采空区注超临界CO_2防灭火试验研究
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摘要
为研究超临界CO_2注入采空区防灭火的规律,自主研制了产生超临界CO_2和模拟采空区遗煤自燃升温试验系统,得到了不同温压条件下超临界CO_2注入采空区前后不同监测点的温度、O_2和CO浓度变化数据信息。试验结果表明:注入采空区的超临界CO_2发生相变,有序结构急速失序,大量吸收热量,采空区内的煤体、空气温度随时间呈线性快速下降规律,其降温能力是气态N_2的10倍;超临界CO_2在自燃发火煤体中的强渗透扩散特性,使自燃煤体快速惰化,防灭火效率高;停止注入后,小范围回温符合反二次函数特征;高压力超临界CO_2相对于低压条件,防灭火性能更佳;超临界CO_2是1种降温降氧能力显著,且输送性能优良的采空区新型防灭火材料,超临界CO_2防灭火效果优于气态N_2。
To reveal the fire prevention and extinguishment laws by injecting supercritical CO_2 into the goaf,an experimental system for producing supercritical CO_2 and simulating the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf was developed independently. The data of temperature,oxygen concentration and CO concentration variation at different monitoring points before and after injecting supercritical CO_2 into goaf under different temperature and pressure conditions were obtained. The results showed that the supercritical CO_2 injected into the goaf occurred the phase transition,the ordered structure disordered rapidly,a large amount of heat was absorbed,and the temperature of coal and air in the goaf presented the linearly rapid decline with time,whose cooling ability was 10 times that of gaseous nitrogen. The strong permeability and diffusion characteristics of supercritical CO_2 in the coal with spontaneous combustion made the coal inert quickly,with the high efficiency of fire prevention and extinguishment. After stopping the injection,the rebound temperature in a small range conformed to the feature of inverse quadratic function. The high-pressure supercritical CO_2 had better fire prevention and extinguishment performance compared with the low-pressure condition. The supercritical CO_2 is a new material for fire prevention and extinguishment in goaf with significant cooling and oxygen-reducing abilities and excellent transportation performance,with the better fire prevention and extinguishment effect than the gaseous nitrogen.
To reveal the fire prevention and extinguishment laws by injecting supercritical CO_2 into the goaf,an experimental system for producing supercritical CO_2 and simulating the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf was developed independently. The data of temperature,oxygen concentration and CO concentration variation at different monitoring points before and after injecting supercritical CO_2 into goaf under different temperature and pressure conditions were obtained. The results showed that the supercritical CO_2 injected into the goaf occurred the phase transition,the ordered structure disordered rapidly,a large amount of heat was absorbed,and the temperature of coal and air in the goaf presented the linearly rapid decline with time,whose cooling ability was 10 times that of gaseous nitrogen. The strong permeability and diffusion characteristics of supercritical CO_2 in the coal with spontaneous combustion made the coal inert quickly,with the high efficiency of fire prevention and extinguishment. After stopping the injection,the rebound temperature in a small range conformed to the feature of inverse quadratic function. The high-pressure supercritical CO_2 had better fire prevention and extinguishment performance compared with the low-pressure condition. The supercritical CO_2 is a new material for fire prevention and extinguishment in goaf with significant cooling and oxygen-reducing abilities and excellent transportation performance,with the better fire prevention and extinguishment effect than the gaseous nitrogen.
引文
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[16]任硕.超临界CO_2在低渗透煤体渗流规律研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2013.
[2]王洪义,宋艳苹.氮气防灭火技术在平顶山矿区的应用[J].矿业安全与环保,2009,36(3):49-51.WANG Hongyi,SONG Yanping.Application of nitrogen fire-fighting technology in pingdingshan mining area[J].Mining Safety and Environmental Protection,2009,36(3):49-51.
[3]邵昊,蒋曙光,吴征艳,等.采空区注二氧化碳防灭火的数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):154-158.SHAO Hao,JIANG Shuguang,WU Zhengyan,et al.Numerical simulation on fire prevention byinfusing carbon dioxide into goaf[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):154-158.
[4]杨宏民,霍晓阳,蒋滢滢,等.压扩散和高压注入条件下CO2对煤中CH4置换效应[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(8):24-29.YANG Hongmin,HUO Xiaoyang,JIANG Yingying,et al.Replacement effect of carbon dioxide to methane in coal under isobaric diffusion and high pressure injection conditions[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(8):24-29.
[5]关欣杰.采空区开放式注液态CO2防灭火技术研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2016.
[6]张长山,张辛亥.罐装液态二氧化碳直接防灭火技术[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(9):82-84.ZHANG Changshan,ZHANG Xinhai.Fire prevention and extinguishing technology with canned liquid carbon dioxide[J].Coal Mine Safety,2016,47(9):82-84.
[7]魏元祯.超临界二氧化碳体系的相平衡和界面性质研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2009.
[8]YANG Yongliang,LI Zenghua,HOU Shisong,et al.The shortest period of coal spontaneous combustion on the basis of oxidative heat release intensity[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2014,24(1):99-103.
[9]阮增定.液态CO2灭火技术在高瓦斯矿井火灾的治理研究与应用[D].太原:太原理工大学,2013.
[10]吴兵,郭志国,陈娟等.N2和CO2对煤燃烧全过程灭火效能的对比研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):247-256.WU Bing,GUO Zhiguo,CHEN Juan,et al.A comparative study of total extinguishing efficiency of coal combustion by N2and CO2[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2018,47(2):247-256.
[11]BOURKE P J,PULLING D J,GILL L E,et al.Paper presented at symposium on heat transfer and fluid dynamics of near critical fluids[J].Inst.Mech.Eng.,Bristol,England(March 1968),1968.
[12]LOSADA-PREZ P,TRIPATHI C S P,LEYS J,et al.The YangYang anomaly in liquid-liquid criticality:Experimental evidence from adiabatic scanning calorimetry[J].Chemical Physics Letters,2012,523:69-73.
[13]朱红青,王海燕,胡瑞丽,等.煤自燃低温氧化临界温度指标及其关联性分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(8):61-64,70.ZHU Hongqing,QANG Haiyan,HU Ruili,et al.Analysis on correlativity between indexes of coal spontaneous combustion critical temperature with low temperature oxidation[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(8):61-64,70.
[14]王兰云,蒋曙光,邵昊,等.煤自燃过程中自氧化加速温度研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(6):989-992.WANG Lanyun,JIANG Shuguang,SHAO Hao,et al.Self-accelerating oxidation temperature during thespontaneous combustion of coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(6):989-992.
[15]马蓉.煤自燃临界温度及其影响因素实验研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2015.
[16]任硕.超临界CO_2在低渗透煤体渗流规律研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2013.