厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS及其对污泥表面特性的影响
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摘要
取厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥,根据粒径筛分为R1(0. 5～1. 4 mm)、R2(1. 4～2. 8 mm)和R3(> 2. 8 mm)这3组.提取不同粒径厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS,分析EPS特性及其对厌氧氨氧化聚集体表面特性的影响.随着厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥粒径的增加,PS含量介于(10. 69±0. 11)～(12. 28±0. 15) mg·g~(-1)之间,而PN含量从(56. 88±0. 86) mg·g~(-1)增加到(98. 59±2. 10) mg·g~(-1),且PN/PS从5. 32提高到9. 05.不同粒径厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS官能团及三维荧光组分含量不同.随着颗粒污泥粒径增大,蛋白质二级结构α-螺旋/(β-折叠+无规卷曲)值从0. 60逐渐降低到0. 43,这种变化有利于污泥表面疏水性的表达.随着颗粒污泥粒径的增大,污泥表面疏水性由54. 2%提高到63. 1%,Zeta电位由-41. 2 m V增加到-31. 5 m V,疏水性的增强和表面电荷的增大有利于颗粒污泥的聚集.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS可以增强污泥疏水性和提高Zeta电位,EPS中的PN发挥着重要的作用.
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) granular sludge in the EGSB reactor was divided into three groups according to particle size,which were R1( 0. 5~(-1). 4 mm),R2( 1. 4-2. 8 mm),and R3( > 2. 8 mm). Extracellular polymeric substances( EPS) of different sizes from ANAMMOX granular sludge were extracted,and the EPS characteristics and their influence on the surface characteristics of ANAMMOX aggregates were analyzed. With the increased particle size of ANAMMOX granular sludge,the PS content was between( 10. 69 ± 0. 11)-( 12. 28 ± 0. 15) mg·g~(-1),while the PN content increased from( 56. 88 ± 0. 86) mg·g~(-1) to( 98. 59 ± 2. 10) mg·g~(-1),and PN/PS increased from 5. 32 to 9. 05. The EPS functional groups and the content of three-dimensional fluorescent components of different size ANAMMOX granular sludge were different. As the granular sludge size increased,the value ofα-helix/( β-sheet + random coil) gradually decreased from 0. 60 to 0. 43,which is beneficial to the hydrophobicity expression of the sludge. Due to the increased particle size of the granular sludge,the hydrophobicity of the sludge surface increased from 54. 2% to63. 1%,and the Zeta potential increased from-41. 2 m V to-31. 5 m V. The increased hydrophobicity and surface charge are beneficial to the formation of sludge aggregates. EPS can enhance ANAMMOX sludge hydrophobicity and increase Zeta potential. The presence of PN in EPS is essential to this process.
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) granular sludge in the EGSB reactor was divided into three groups according to particle size,which were R1( 0. 5~(-1). 4 mm),R2( 1. 4-2. 8 mm),and R3( > 2. 8 mm). Extracellular polymeric substances( EPS) of different sizes from ANAMMOX granular sludge were extracted,and the EPS characteristics and their influence on the surface characteristics of ANAMMOX aggregates were analyzed. With the increased particle size of ANAMMOX granular sludge,the PS content was between( 10. 69 ± 0. 11)-( 12. 28 ± 0. 15) mg·g~(-1),while the PN content increased from( 56. 88 ± 0. 86) mg·g~(-1) to( 98. 59 ± 2. 10) mg·g~(-1),and PN/PS increased from 5. 32 to 9. 05. The EPS functional groups and the content of three-dimensional fluorescent components of different size ANAMMOX granular sludge were different. As the granular sludge size increased,the value ofα-helix/( β-sheet + random coil) gradually decreased from 0. 60 to 0. 43,which is beneficial to the hydrophobicity expression of the sludge. Due to the increased particle size of the granular sludge,the hydrophobicity of the sludge surface increased from 54. 2% to63. 1%,and the Zeta potential increased from-41. 2 m V to-31. 5 m V. The increased hydrophobicity and surface charge are beneficial to the formation of sludge aggregates. EPS can enhance ANAMMOX sludge hydrophobicity and increase Zeta potential. The presence of PN in EPS is essential to this process.
引文
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[29]Zhu L,Qi H Y,Lv M L,et al.Component analysis of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)during aerobic sludge granulation using FTIR and 3D-EEM technologies[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,124:455-459.
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[32]Bourven I,Joussein E,Guibaud G.Characterisation of the mineral fraction in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)from activated sludges extracted by eight different methods[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(14):7124-7130.
[2]Kartal B,Kuenen J G,van Loosdrecht M C M.Sewage treatment with anammox[J].Science,2010,328(5979):702-703.
[3]Zhao Y P,Feng Y,Li J Q,et al.Insight into the aggregation capacity of anammox consortia during reactor start-up[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2018,52(6):3685-3695.
[4]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[5]Ma B,Wang S Y,Cao S B,et al.Biological nitrogen removal from sewage via anammox:recent advances[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,200:981-990.
[6]Fang F,Yang M M,Wang H,et al.Effect of high salinity in wastewater on surface properties of anammox granular sludge[J].Chemosphere,2018,210:366-375.
[7]唐崇俭,熊蕾,王云燕,等.高效厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的动力学特性[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3544-3551.Tang C J,Xiong L,Wang Y Y,et al.Kinetic characteristics of high-rate ANAMMOX Granules[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(9):3544-3551.
[8]Sheng G P,Yu H Q,Li X Y.Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)of microbial aggregates in biological wastewater treatment systems:a review[J].Biotechnology Advances,2010,28(6):882-894.
[9]Adav S S,Lee D J,Tay J H.Extracellular polymeric substances and structural stability of aerobic granule[J].Water Research,2008,42(6-7):1644-1650.
[10]Mc Swain B S,Irvine R L,Hausner M,et al.Composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic flocs and granular sludge[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(2):1051-1057.
[11]Liu X M,Sheng G P,Luo H W,et al.Contribution of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)to the sludge aggregation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(11):4355-4360.
[12]Chen T T,Zheng P,Shen L D.Growth and metabolism characteristics of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria aggregates[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2013,97(12):5575-5583.
[13]陈方敏,顾澄伟,胡羽婷,等.厌氧氨氧化污泥恢复过程中的颗粒特性[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5605-5611.Chen F M,Gu C W,Hu Y T,et al.Granular characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge during the recovery process[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(12):5605-5611.
[14]Hou X L,Liu S T,Zhang Z T.Role of extracellular polymeric substance in determining the high aggregation ability of anammox sludge[J].Water Research,2015,75:51-62.
[15]Jia F X,Yang Q,Liu X H,et al.Stratification of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)for aggregated anammox microorganisms[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(6):3260-3268.
[16]d'Abzac P,Bordas F,Joussein E,et al.Characterization of the mineral fraction associated to extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)in anaerobic granular sludges[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(1):412-418.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18]Pembrey R S,Marshall K C,Schneider R P.Cell surface analysis techniques:what do cell preparation protocols do to cell surface properties?[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(7):2877-2894.
[19]Strous M,Kuenen J G,Fuerst J A,et al.The anammox case-a new experimental manifesto for microbiological eco-physiology[J].Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2002,81(1-4):693-702.
[20]王淑莹,刘晔,袁悦,等.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥上浮机理及控制策略进展[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(10):1501-1507.Wang S Y,Liu Y,Yuan Y,et al.Progress in mechanism and control strategy of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox)granular sludge floating[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(10):1501-1507.
[21]Kartal B,Maalcke W J,de Almeida N M,et al.Molecular mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J].Nature,2011,479(7371):127-130.
[22]Yan L L,Liu Y,Wen Y,et al.Role and significance of extracellular polymeric substances from granular sludge for simultaneous removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,179:460-466.
[23]Liu Y Q,Liu Y,Tay J H.The effects of extracellular polymeric substances on the formation and stability of biogranules[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2004,65(2):143-148.
[24]Badireddy A R,Chellam S,Gassman P L,et al.Role of extracellular polymeric substances in bioflocculation of activated sludge microorganisms under glucose-controlled conditions[J].Water Research,2010,44(15):4505-4516.
[25]Yin C Q,Meng F G,Chen G H.Spectroscopic characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from a mixed culture dominated by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria[J].Water Research,2015,68:740-749.
[26]Beech I,Hanjagsit L,Kalaji M,et al.Chemical and structural characterization of exopolymers produced by Pseudomonas sp.NCIMB 2021 in continuous culture[J].Microbiology,1999,145(6):1491-1497.
[27]Buijs J,Norde W,Lichtenbelt J W T.Changes in the secondary structure of adsorbed Ig G and F(ab')2studied by FTIRspectroscopy[J].Langmuir,1996,12(6):1605-1613.
[28]Chen W,Westerhoff P,Leenheer J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[29]Zhu L,Qi H Y,Lv M L,et al.Component analysis of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)during aerobic sludge granulation using FTIR and 3D-EEM technologies[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,124:455-459.
[30]White J D,Wilker J J.Underwater bonding with charged polymer mimics of marine mussel adhesive proteins[J].Macromolecules,2011,44(13):5085-5088.
[31]李旖瑜,郑平,张萌.颗粒污泥结构体及其粘连机理[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(22):33-37.Li Y Y,Zheng P,Zhang M.Structure and interaction force of biological granular sludge[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(22):33-37.
[32]Bourven I,Joussein E,Guibaud G.Characterisation of the mineral fraction in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)from activated sludges extracted by eight different methods[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(14):7124-7130.