生态系统实在性问题的争论探究
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摘要
生态系统是生态文明建设的物质基础和重要载体,然而对于生态系统是否存在这一实在性问题始终存在争论。本文从生态学史的角度出发,概述了不同学者关于生态系统实在性问题的主要观点,在此基础上,对产生于生态学界的关于生态系统实在性的哲学争论进行了系统梳理。
Ecosystem is the material foundation and important carrier of ecological civilization construction. However, there is always a debate about whether ecosystem exists or not. From the perspective of ecological history, this paper summarizes the main viewpoints of different scholars on the problem of ecosystem realism, and on this basis, systematically sorts out the philosophical debates on ecosystem realism arising from the ecological field.
Ecosystem is the material foundation and important carrier of ecological civilization construction. However, there is always a debate about whether ecosystem exists or not. From the perspective of ecological history, this paper summarizes the main viewpoints of different scholars on the problem of ecosystem realism, and on this basis, systematically sorts out the philosophical debates on ecosystem realism arising from the ecological field.
引文
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[6] Ruehle J L,Marx D H.Fiber,food,fuel,and fungal symbionts[J].Sci ence,1979,206(4417):419-422.
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[8] Fitzsimmons A K.Defending illusions:federal protection of ecosys tems[M].Rowman&Littlefield,1999.
[9] Odenbaugh J.Seeing the forest and the trees:realism about communities and ecosystems[J].Philosophy of Science,2007,74(5):639.
[10] Jax K.Can we define ecosystems?On the confusion between definition and description of ecological concepts[J].ActaBiotheoreti ca,2007,55(4):341-355.
[2] Odum E P,Odum H.Fundamentals of ecology[M].Philadephie:Saunders,1953.
[3] Gilbert L E,Raven P H.Co-evolution of animals and plants[M].Uni versity of Texas Press,Austin,1973.
[4] Patten B C.Ecosystem as a coevolutionary unit:a theme for teaching systems ecology[M]//New Directions in the Analysis of Ecological Systems,Part 1,1975,1:1-8.
[5] Engelberg J,Boyarsky L L.The noncybernetic nature of ecosystems[J].American Naturalist,1979:317-324.
[6] Ruehle J L,Marx D H.Fiber,food,fuel,and fungal symbionts[J].Sci ence,1979,206(4417):419-422.
[7] Jordan C F.Do ecosystems exist?[J].The American Naturalist, 1981,118(2):284-287.
[8] Fitzsimmons A K.Defending illusions:federal protection of ecosys tems[M].Rowman&Littlefield,1999.
[9] Odenbaugh J.Seeing the forest and the trees:realism about communities and ecosystems[J].Philosophy of Science,2007,74(5):639.
[10] Jax K.Can we define ecosystems?On the confusion between definition and description of ecological concepts[J].ActaBiotheoreti ca,2007,55(4):341-355.