军用汽车多点悬置设计研究
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摘要
军用车辆上装厢体多与车架固接,使得上装厢体的平顺性差。提出在上装厢体与车架之间多点布置悬置的方法,以改善上装厢体的平顺性。将某军用运输车辆振动系统简化为十三自由度模型,并利用拉格朗日方程法建立了车辆的振动方程。首先根据具体车型,确定悬置元件的安装位置和安装方式,设计符合实际应用的悬置结构,并选用金属橡胶作为悬置的弹性阻尼元件。以各元件的刚度和阻尼为设计参数,在多种路况条件下,综合上装厢体垂向加速度、俯仰角度和侧倾角度以及驾驶员座椅处垂向加速度为加权优化目标,采用改进的粒子群算法进行参数寻优计算。根据所设计的悬置结构和计算所得金属橡胶元件参数,试制悬置样件,经样件装车台架实验表明,所设计的弹性支撑悬置能够有效降低上装厢体的垂向、俯仰和侧倾振动,同时,对驾驶员座椅处的垂向振动影响不大。
The rigidly connection between upper-equipmentand frame of military vehicle causes poor riding comfort of the upper-equipment. To improve the riding comfort of the upper-equipment,a method of placing suspensions between the upper-equipment and the frame is proposed. Based on a military transportation vehicle,a simplified 13 degree of freedom(DOF)modelis establishedby using the Lagrange equation method. Firstly,the position and shape of the proposed suspension components are determined according to the specific structure of vehicle frame. Then the structure of suspensionaccording to the practical applications is designed. In this research,metal rubber is selected as the suspension elastic damping element.Secondly,by using the improved swarm optimization method,the stiffness and damping of each suspensionbeing designed can be solved to optimum targets,which is weighted sum of root-mean-square value of the vertical acceleration,pitching angle and roll angle of the upper-equipment and the vertical acceleration at the driver's seat. Finally,a prototype suspension of the metal-rubber with optimized stiffness and damping parameters was manufactured and equipped on vehicle. The results of bench test show that the designed suspension can decrease the vertical,pitch and roll vibration of the upper-equipment and have less of effect on the vertical vibration at the driver's seat.
The rigidly connection between upper-equipmentand frame of military vehicle causes poor riding comfort of the upper-equipment. To improve the riding comfort of the upper-equipment,a method of placing suspensions between the upper-equipment and the frame is proposed. Based on a military transportation vehicle,a simplified 13 degree of freedom(DOF)modelis establishedby using the Lagrange equation method. Firstly,the position and shape of the proposed suspension components are determined according to the specific structure of vehicle frame. Then the structure of suspensionaccording to the practical applications is designed. In this research,metal rubber is selected as the suspension elastic damping element.Secondly,by using the improved swarm optimization method,the stiffness and damping of each suspensionbeing designed can be solved to optimum targets,which is weighted sum of root-mean-square value of the vertical acceleration,pitching angle and roll angle of the upper-equipment and the vertical acceleration at the driver's seat. Finally,a prototype suspension of the metal-rubber with optimized stiffness and damping parameters was manufactured and equipped on vehicle. The results of bench test show that the designed suspension can decrease the vertical,pitch and roll vibration of the upper-equipment and have less of effect on the vertical vibration at the driver's seat.
引文
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[12]肖然.金属橡胶减振器的非线性特性研究及应用[D].太原:中北大学,2009.(Xiao Ran.The study and application on non-linear character of metalrubber vibration absorber[D].Taiyuan:North University of Chinajixie,2009.)
[2]吕振华,范让林,冯振东.汽车动力总成隔振悬置布置的设计思想论析[J].内燃机工程,2004(3):37-43.(Lv Zhen-hua,Fan Rang-lin,Feng Zhen-dong.A survey of design methods for automotive engine mounting system[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2004(3):37-43.)
[3]王亚楠,吕振华.以广义力传递率为目标的动力总成隔振悬置系统优化设计方法[J].机械工程学报,2011(11):52-58.(Wang Ya-nan,Lv Zhen-hua.Optimal design method of power-train mounting system for generalized force transmissibility reduction[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011(11):52-58.)
[4]沈志宏,郭福祥,方德广.基于能量解耦法的动力总成悬置系统优化设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2010(3):35-37.(Shen Zhi-hong,Guo Fu-Xiang,Fang De-guang.Optimal design of powertrain mounting system based on the theory of energy decoupling[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2010(3):35-37.)
[5]孙勇厚,李峤,刘夫云.汽车动力总成悬置系统的解耦优化研究及应用[J].机械设计与制造,2016(9):147-149+154.(Sun Yong-hou,Li Qiao,Liu Fu-yun.Decoupling optimization research and application of automobile powertrain mounting system[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2016(9):147-149+154.)
[6]宋发宝,马力,张宇龙.整车刚柔多体全浮式驾驶室悬置隔振仿真[J].农业机械学报,2008(8):41-43.(Song Fa-bao,Ma Li,Zhang Yu-long.Vibration isolation suspension system for commercial vehicle full-float cab based on theory of rigid-flexible dynamics[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008(8):41-43.)
[7]宋康,陈潇凯,林逸.动力总成悬置系统对汽车动力学性能的影响[J].汽车工程,2016(4):488-494.(Song Kang,Chen Xiao-kai,Lin Yi.Effect of powertrain mounting system on dynamics performances of vehicle[J].Automotive Engineering,2016(4):488-494.)
[8]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.(Yu Zhi-sheng.Automobile Theory[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2006.)
[9]秦玉英.汽车行驶平顺性建模与仿真的新方法研究及应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.(Qin Yu-ying.New methods of modeling and simulation and their applications to automobile ride comfort[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.)
[10]Eberhart R,Kennedy J.A new optimizer using particle swarm theory[M].1995.
[11]李丽,牛奔.粒子群优化算法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009.(Li Li,Niu Ben,Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009.)
[12]肖然.金属橡胶减振器的非线性特性研究及应用[D].太原:中北大学,2009.(Xiao Ran.The study and application on non-linear character of metalrubber vibration absorber[D].Taiyuan:North University of Chinajixie,2009.)