多点激励下桩-土-斜拉桥全模型振动台试验研究
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摘要
大跨斜拉桥的自振频率和阻尼低以及空间尺度大,其地震响应受桩基础、场地土特性和地震动空间效应的影响较大。然而,由于试验条件和技术所限,目前尚缺乏相关的全模型振动台试验研究。以一座试设计主跨1400m超大跨斜拉桥为原型,设计和制作了一座几何相似比为1/70且包括上部结构、桩基础和场地土等在内的试验模型,通过振动台试验研究了多点激励对桩-土-斜拉桥全模型地震响应的影响及其规律。试验结果表明:纵向多点激励使一侧主塔的纵向位移、一侧主塔和桥墩的纵向桩-土-结构相互作用效果以及主跨一侧竖向位移增大,而另一侧减小;横向多点激励使一侧主塔的横向位移和一侧桥墩的横向桩-土-结构相互作用效果增大,另一侧减小,但使两侧主塔的横向桩-土-结构相互作用效果和主跨两侧横向位移响应均增大;桩-土-结构相互作用对斜拉桥的加速度响应产生不利影响。基于上述结果,大跨斜拉桥的抗震设计或性能评估应考虑多点激励和桩-土-结构相互作用的影响。
Seismic responses of long-span cable-stayed bridges may be significantly affected by the properties of the pile foundation and site soil as well as the spatial effect of ground motion because the long-span cable-stayed bridge has low natural frequencies, structural damping and large spatial scale. However, there are few experimental studies on the full model of a long-span cable-stayed bridge composed of the superstructure, pile foundation and site soil due to the limitations of shaking table testing facilities and technology. A complete model of 1/70-scaled cable-stayed bridge, composed of superstructure, pile foundations and site soil, was designed and fabricated according to a preliminary design of long-span cable-stayed bridge with main span of 1400 m. The full model was tested on the shaking table to study the mechanism associated with the seismic responses of the long-span cable-stayed bridge under uniform and multi-support excitations. Experimental results show that the longitudinal displacement response of the main tower, the longitudinal pile-soil-structure interaction effects of the main tower and piers, and the vertical displacement response of the main span in one side of the full model increase when being subjected to longitudinal multi-support excitations, while the corresponding seismic responses in other side decrease. The transverse displacement response of the main tower and the transverse pile-soil-structure interaction effects of the piers in one side increase when being subjected to transverse multi-support excitations, whereas the corresponding seismic responses in other side reduce. However, the transverse pile-soil-structure interaction effects of the towers and the transverse displacement of the main span in both sides increase for transverse multi-support excitations. Moreover, it is found that the pile-soil-structure interaction has adverse influences on the acceleration response of the cable-stayed bridge. Therefore, it is suggested that the multi-support excitations and pile-soil-structure interaction should be considered when conducting performance evaluation and seismic analyses on long-span cable-stayed bridges.
Seismic responses of long-span cable-stayed bridges may be significantly affected by the properties of the pile foundation and site soil as well as the spatial effect of ground motion because the long-span cable-stayed bridge has low natural frequencies, structural damping and large spatial scale. However, there are few experimental studies on the full model of a long-span cable-stayed bridge composed of the superstructure, pile foundation and site soil due to the limitations of shaking table testing facilities and technology. A complete model of 1/70-scaled cable-stayed bridge, composed of superstructure, pile foundations and site soil, was designed and fabricated according to a preliminary design of long-span cable-stayed bridge with main span of 1400 m. The full model was tested on the shaking table to study the mechanism associated with the seismic responses of the long-span cable-stayed bridge under uniform and multi-support excitations. Experimental results show that the longitudinal displacement response of the main tower, the longitudinal pile-soil-structure interaction effects of the main tower and piers, and the vertical displacement response of the main span in one side of the full model increase when being subjected to longitudinal multi-support excitations, while the corresponding seismic responses in other side decrease. The transverse displacement response of the main tower and the transverse pile-soil-structure interaction effects of the piers in one side increase when being subjected to transverse multi-support excitations, whereas the corresponding seismic responses in other side reduce. However, the transverse pile-soil-structure interaction effects of the towers and the transverse displacement of the main span in both sides increase for transverse multi-support excitations. Moreover, it is found that the pile-soil-structure interaction has adverse influences on the acceleration response of the cable-stayed bridge. Therefore, it is suggested that the multi-support excitations and pile-soil-structure interaction should be considered when conducting performance evaluation and seismic analyses on long-span cable-stayed bridges.
引文
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[18]高文军,唐光武,黄福伟,等.厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥振动台试验研究[J].桥梁建设,2013,43(4):7-13(Gao Wenjun,Tang Guangwu,Huang Fuwei,et al.Shaking table test study of north main bridge of Xiazhang sea-crossing bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2013,43(4):7-13(in Chinese))
[19]房贞政,张超,陈永健,等.基于三台阵振动台的多塔斜拉桥试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(增1):25-29(Fang Zhenzheng,Zhang Chao,Chen Yongjian,et al.Research on the shaking table test of three towers cable-stayed bridge based on three shaking table system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S1):25-29(in Chinese))
[20]Zong Z H,Zhou R,Huang X Y,et al.Seismic response study on a multi-span cable-stayed bridge scale model under multi-support excitations.Part I:shaking table tests[J].Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A,2014,15(5):351-363
[21]闫晓宇,李忠献,韩强,等.多点激励下大跨度连续刚构桥地震响应振动台阵试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(7):81-89(Yan Xiaoyu,Li Zhongxian,Han Qiang,et al,Shake tables test study on seismic response of a long-span rigid-framed bridge under multi-support excitations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(7):81-89(in Chinese))
[22]闫聚考,李建中,彭天波,等.三塔两跨悬索桥行波效应振动台试验及数值研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(7):44-48(Yan Jukao,Li Jianzhong,Peng Tianbo,et al.Shake table tests and numerical analysis for travelling wave effect of a three-tower two-span suspension bridge[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(7):44-48(in Chinese))
[23]李晰,贾宏宇,李倩.近断层地震动作用下大跨度曲线刚构桥台阵试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(5):199-208(Li Xi,Jia Hongyu,Li Qian.Shaking table tests for a long-span curved rigid bridge under near-fault ground motions[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(5):199-208(in Chinese))
[24]Makris N,Tazoh T,Yun X,et al.Prediction of the measured response of a scaled soil-pile-superstructure system[J].Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,1997,16(2):113-124
[25]韦晓,范立础,王君杰.考虑桩-土-桥梁结构相互作用振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(4):91-97(Wei Xiao,Fan Lichu,Wang Junjie.Shake table test on soil-pile-structure interaction[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2002,35(4):91-97(in Chinese))
[26]Cubrinovski M,Kokusho T,Ishihara K.Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(2):275-286
[27]唐亮,凌贤长,徐鹏举,等.可液化场地桥梁群桩基础地震响应振动台试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(5):672-680(Tang Liang,Ling Xianzhang,Xu Pengju,et al.Shaking table test on seismic response of pile groups of bridges in liquefiable groud[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(5):672-680(in Chinese))
[28]Wang S C,Liu K Y,Chen C H,et al.Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of scoured bridge pier with pile foundation[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2015,44(6):849-864
[29]Su L,Tang L,Ling X,et al.Pile response to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading:a shake-table investigation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,82(3):196-204
[30]Durante M G,Sarno L D,Mylonakis G,et al.Soil-pilestructure interaction:experimental outcomes from shaking table tests[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2016,45(7):1041-1061
[31]商宇,叶爱君,王晓伟.冲刷条件下的桩基桥梁振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(12):280-289(Shang Yu,Ye Aijun,Wang Xiaowei.Shake table test of pile supported bridge under scour condition[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30(12):280-289(in Chinese))
[32]谢文,孙利民.采用振动台阵的超大跨斜拉桥大比例全模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2018,51(8):47-59,80(Xie Wen,Sun Limin.Experimental studies on a large-scaled full model of a super long-span cable-stayed bridge by using shaking table array system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2018,51(8):47-59,80(in Chinese))
[33]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(7):781-785(Wu Xiaoping,Sun Limin,Hu Shide,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2002,30(7):781-785(in Chinese))
[34]楼梦麟,宗刚,牛伟星,等.土-桩-钢结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):226-230(Lou Menglin,Zong Gang,Niu Weixing,et al.Shaking table model test of soil-steel structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):226-230(in Chinese))
[35]孙利民,谢文.超大跨斜拉桥多点振动台试验研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(11):38-48(Sun Limin,Xie Wen.Experimental studies on super long-span cable-stayed bridge by using multiple shake table testing[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(11):38-48(in Chinese))
[2]Sun B,Cheng J,Xiao R C.Preliminary design and parametric study of 1400 m partially earth-anchored cable-stayed bridge[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2010,53(2):502-511
[3]Wilson J C.Repair of new long-span bridges damaged by the 1995 Kobe Earthquake[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2003,17(4):196-205
[4]周智杰.集鹿大橋震害評估與修復之研究[D].台湾:台湾大学,2004(Zhou Zhijie.Evaluation and repaired on seismic damage of Chi-Lu bridge[D].Taiwan:Taiwan University,2004(in Chinese))
[5]陈幼平,周宏业.斜拉桥地震反应的行波效应[J].土木工程学报,1996,29(6):61-68(Chen Youping,Zhou Hongye.Seismic behavior of cable-stayed bridges under travelling wave excitation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1996,29(6):61-68(in Chinese))
[6]项海帆.斜张桥在行波作用下的地震反应分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,1983(2):4-12(Xiang Haifan,Earthquake response analysis of cable-stayed bridges under the action of travelling waves[J].Journal of Tongji Universty:Natural Science,1983(2):4-12(in Chinese))
[7]Nazmy A S,Abdel-Ghaffar A M.Effects of ground motion spatial variability on the response of cable-stayed bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,1992,21(1):1-20
[8]Soyluk K,Dumanoglu A A.Spatial variability effects of ground motions on cable-stayed bridges[J].Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,2004,24(3):241-250
[9]李忠献,黄健,丁阳,等.不同地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥的地震反应分析[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(3):48-53(Li Zhongxian,Huang Jian,Ding yang,et al.Seismic responses of long span cable stayed bridges under different patterns of earthquake excitations[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2005,18(3):48-53(in Chinese))
[10]全伟,李宏男.大跨斜拉桥多维多点地震激励减震控制方法分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2010,50(4):540-546(Quan Wei,Li Hongnan.Analysis of earthquake mitigation control method for large-span cable-stayed bridge under multi-component multi-support earthquake[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2010,50(4):540-546(in Chinese))
[11]Raheem S E A,Hayashikawa T,Dork U.Ground motion spatial variability effects on seismic response control of cable-stayed bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,10(1):37-49
[12]王再荣,孙利民,程纬.超大跨斜拉桥地震行波效应分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(10):1471-1481(Wang Zairong,Sun Limin,Cheng Wei.Effects of travelling wave excitation for super long-span cable-stayed bridges[J].Journal of Tongji Universty:Natural Science,2016,44(10):1471-1481(in Chinese))
[13]李帅,王景全,颜晓伟,等.近断层地震动空间分布特征对斜拉桥地震响应影响[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(6):94-104(Li Shuai,Wang Jingquan,Yan Xiaowei,et al.Shake tables test study on seismic response of a long-span rigid-framed bridge under multi-support excitations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(6):94-104(in Chinese))
[14]Zhong J,Jeon J S,Yuan W,et al.Impact of spatial variability parameters on seismic fragilities of a cable-stayed bridge subjected to differential support motions[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2017,22(6):04017013
[15]Li C,Li H N,Hao H,et al.Seismic fragility analyses of sea-crossing cable-stayed bridges subjected to multi-support ground motions on offshore sites[J].Engineering Structures,2018,165:441-456
[16]何庆祥,沈祖炎.结构地震行波效应分析综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(1):50-57(He Qingxiang,Shen Zuyan.Review of structural seismic analysis of travelling wave effects[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(1):50-57(in Chinese))
[17]Johnson N,Ranf R,Saiidi M,et al.Seismic testing of a two-span reinforced concrete bridge[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2008,13(2):173-182.
[18]高文军,唐光武,黄福伟,等.厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥振动台试验研究[J].桥梁建设,2013,43(4):7-13(Gao Wenjun,Tang Guangwu,Huang Fuwei,et al.Shaking table test study of north main bridge of Xiazhang sea-crossing bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2013,43(4):7-13(in Chinese))
[19]房贞政,张超,陈永健,等.基于三台阵振动台的多塔斜拉桥试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(增1):25-29(Fang Zhenzheng,Zhang Chao,Chen Yongjian,et al.Research on the shaking table test of three towers cable-stayed bridge based on three shaking table system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S1):25-29(in Chinese))
[20]Zong Z H,Zhou R,Huang X Y,et al.Seismic response study on a multi-span cable-stayed bridge scale model under multi-support excitations.Part I:shaking table tests[J].Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A,2014,15(5):351-363
[21]闫晓宇,李忠献,韩强,等.多点激励下大跨度连续刚构桥地震响应振动台阵试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(7):81-89(Yan Xiaoyu,Li Zhongxian,Han Qiang,et al,Shake tables test study on seismic response of a long-span rigid-framed bridge under multi-support excitations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(7):81-89(in Chinese))
[22]闫聚考,李建中,彭天波,等.三塔两跨悬索桥行波效应振动台试验及数值研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(7):44-48(Yan Jukao,Li Jianzhong,Peng Tianbo,et al.Shake table tests and numerical analysis for travelling wave effect of a three-tower two-span suspension bridge[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(7):44-48(in Chinese))
[23]李晰,贾宏宇,李倩.近断层地震动作用下大跨度曲线刚构桥台阵试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(5):199-208(Li Xi,Jia Hongyu,Li Qian.Shaking table tests for a long-span curved rigid bridge under near-fault ground motions[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(5):199-208(in Chinese))
[24]Makris N,Tazoh T,Yun X,et al.Prediction of the measured response of a scaled soil-pile-superstructure system[J].Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,1997,16(2):113-124
[25]韦晓,范立础,王君杰.考虑桩-土-桥梁结构相互作用振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(4):91-97(Wei Xiao,Fan Lichu,Wang Junjie.Shake table test on soil-pile-structure interaction[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2002,35(4):91-97(in Chinese))
[26]Cubrinovski M,Kokusho T,Ishihara K.Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(2):275-286
[27]唐亮,凌贤长,徐鹏举,等.可液化场地桥梁群桩基础地震响应振动台试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(5):672-680(Tang Liang,Ling Xianzhang,Xu Pengju,et al.Shaking table test on seismic response of pile groups of bridges in liquefiable groud[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(5):672-680(in Chinese))
[28]Wang S C,Liu K Y,Chen C H,et al.Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of scoured bridge pier with pile foundation[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2015,44(6):849-864
[29]Su L,Tang L,Ling X,et al.Pile response to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading:a shake-table investigation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,82(3):196-204
[30]Durante M G,Sarno L D,Mylonakis G,et al.Soil-pilestructure interaction:experimental outcomes from shaking table tests[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2016,45(7):1041-1061
[31]商宇,叶爱君,王晓伟.冲刷条件下的桩基桥梁振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(12):280-289(Shang Yu,Ye Aijun,Wang Xiaowei.Shake table test of pile supported bridge under scour condition[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30(12):280-289(in Chinese))
[32]谢文,孙利民.采用振动台阵的超大跨斜拉桥大比例全模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2018,51(8):47-59,80(Xie Wen,Sun Limin.Experimental studies on a large-scaled full model of a super long-span cable-stayed bridge by using shaking table array system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2018,51(8):47-59,80(in Chinese))
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