物理防治在茶树菇生产上的应用研究
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摘要
利用防虫网、诱虫灯、黏虫板和浸水等4种物理方法防治茶树菇菇蚊、菇蝇的发生。试验结果表明,使用40目的防虫网具有明显的防虫效果;诱虫灯使用黑光灯效果最好,白天开灯比晚上开灯诱虫效果好;黏虫板的宽度为12 cm～15 cm,放置高度离菌筒口10 cm～20 cm,放置数量以每隔2 m放置2张～3张为宜;浸水法处理茶树菇菌筒,可有效杀死菇蚊菇蝇,浸泡时间以24 h～48 h为宜。茶树菇栽培中综合应用诱虫灯、防虫网和黏虫板,对降低菇蚊、菇蝇的发生有良好的效果,菇房内菇蚊、菇蝇数量减少38%。
Four physical control methods such as fly nets, trap lamps, sticky traps and water soaking were used to reduce the occurrence of mushroom midges and flies of Agrocybe aegerita. The test results showed that the 40 mesh fly net had obvious insect control effect, and the trap lamp used black light. It was better to turn on the light during day than night. The width of the sticky trap was between 12 cm to 15 cm, which was placed at 10 cm to 20 cm for the height from mushroom mouth and it was appropriate to place 2 pieces to 3 pieces per 2 m. The method of water soaking could kill mushroom flies effectively, the time of soaking was preferably 24 h to 48 h. The comprehensive application of trap lamp, fly net and sticky trap for A. aegerita, had a good effect on the reduction of mushroom flies, and the number of mushroom flies in mushroom house was reduced by 38%.
Four physical control methods such as fly nets, trap lamps, sticky traps and water soaking were used to reduce the occurrence of mushroom midges and flies of Agrocybe aegerita. The test results showed that the 40 mesh fly net had obvious insect control effect, and the trap lamp used black light. It was better to turn on the light during day than night. The width of the sticky trap was between 12 cm to 15 cm, which was placed at 10 cm to 20 cm for the height from mushroom mouth and it was appropriate to place 2 pieces to 3 pieces per 2 m. The method of water soaking could kill mushroom flies effectively, the time of soaking was preferably 24 h to 48 h. The comprehensive application of trap lamp, fly net and sticky trap for A. aegerita, had a good effect on the reduction of mushroom flies, and the number of mushroom flies in mushroom house was reduced by 38%.
引文
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[2]王洪秀,魏云辉,靳亮,等.基于ITS序列分析18个茶树菇菌株的亲缘关系[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(6):2038-2044.
[3]温志强,边广.秀珍菇菇蚊菇蝇的消长规律与物理防治技术[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(10):1931-1934.
[4]张绍升,林时迟,罗佳,等.食用菌病虫害诊治图谱[M]. 1版.福州:福建科学技术出版社,2004:71-104.
[5]丁湖广.茶薪菇侵染性病害及无公害防治技术[J].云南农业科技,2006(3):53-54.
[6]黄毅.食用菌工厂化栽培实践[M]. 1版.福州:福建科学技术出版社,2014:341-343.
[7]宋金娣.多菌蚊对茶树菇的危害及其防治[J].食用菌,2002,24(6):37-38.
[8]罗佳,庄秋林.福建食用菌双翅目害虫的种类为害及防治[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版, 2007, 36(3):237-239.
[9]张学敏,杨集昆.食用菌害虫的常见类群及防治[J].生物学通报,1999,34(4):19-21.
[10]王瑾,覃培升,宋春霞,等. 4种诱虫灯对平菇蚊、蝇类害虫的诱杀效果[J].广西植保,2013,26(4):1-3.
[11]陈家翔,杨忠伟,包雪冰,等.防虫网遮阳网黄板组合对食用菌害虫的防控效果[J].食用菌,2015,37(2):55-56.